The multiplication formula is the basic calculation rule of multiplication, division and square root in ancient China. It has been used for more than two thousand years, and Jiujiubiao is also the basic skill of elementary school arithmetic.

The ancient multiplication formula was from top to bottom, from "998 1" to "one to one", contrary to the order used now. Therefore, the ancients used the word "999" at the beginning of the multiplication formula as the name of this formula, also known as "999 Table", "999 Song" and "999 Multiplication Table".

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China used the "99 formula" earlier. Sentences such as "3927", "684 18", "483 12" and "6636" can be found in books such as Xunzi, Guanzi, Huainanzi and Warring States Policy. It can be seen that as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, 99 multiplication songs became popular.

Jiujiubiao, also known as Jiujiuge and Jiuyinge, is the basic calculation rule in multiplication, division, square root and other operations in ancient China. It has been used for more than two thousand years. Pupils and some school-age children can recite it. But Europe didn't know this simple multiplication table until the beginning of 13 century.

The ancient western civilizations Greece and Babylon also invented the multiplication table, but it is more complicated than the 999 table. There are more than 1700 Greek multiplication tables invented by Babylon, and they are not complete enough. Because they worked hard to calculate multiplication and division before 13 century, people who can divide large numbers will be considered as experts in mathematics.

/kloc-At the beginning of the third century, the eastern calculation method was introduced to Europe through Arabs, and Europeans discovered its convenience, so they learned this new method. At that time, the topic of multiplying two numbers by a new method was the textbook of the university at that time.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-multiplication formula