1
Nikethami:
dosage
0.375 g
Function and use
As the most common respiratory stimulant, it can accelerate and deepen breathing.
High respiratory center sensitivity to carbon dioxide,
Used for central respiratory and circulatory failure caused by various reasons.
counteraction
big
Dose can excite the whole central nervous system, causing increased heart rate, blood pressure, cough, vomiting, muscle tremor, and even lead to.
Have a seizure.
2
, Luo Beilin:
dosage
3 mg
Function and use
It can selectively excite the central nervous system and improve it.
Drugs for systemic functional activities,
Mainly used for rescuing diseases that hurt each other or seriously,
Such as severe infection,
Caused by creation, etc.
Respiratory depression or failure, mainly used for neonatal asphyxia, infectious diseases in children and respiratory failure caused by carbon monoxide poisoning.
counteraction
Excessive dose will lead to convulsions due to excessive excitement, and severe convulsions will immediately turn to inhibition and even lead to death.
three
, adrenaline:
dosage
1 mg
Function and use
: exciting cardiovascular system, inhibiting bronchial smooth muscle and
Strengthen metabolism, make peripheral blood vessels contract, increase heart rate and blood pressure, and be used for cardiac resuscitation, anaphylactic shock and invigorating qi.
Tube asthma and local hemostasis,
Or compatibility with local anesthetics, delaying the absorption of local anesthetics, prolonging the action time of local anesthetics and reducing local anesthetics.
Possibility of drug absorption poisoning.
counteraction
: palpitation, headache, restlessness, tremor, hypertension, etc. , have induced brain.
The risk of bleeding can also cause arrhythmia and even develop into ventricular fibrillation.
four
Norepinephrine:
dosage
1 mg
Function and use
: Mainly manifested in exciting the cardiovascular system, and
Vascular contraction is strong, and peripheral yin force is enhanced.
Blood pressure is rising. Intravenous drip is used for shock caused by various reasons and can be used.
Hemostasis in biliary and gastric surgery.
counteraction
Local tissue ischemia and necrosis,
Acute renal failure,
Suddenly stop taking drugs for a long time,
Will lead to a sharp drop in blood pressure.
five
Isoproterenol:
dosage
1 mg
Function and use
It can enhance myocardial contractility, accelerate heart rate and expand.
Tensor fiber peripheral blood vessels and bronchial smooth muscle,
Promote metabolism.
Can be use for acute attack of bronchial asthma,
Atrioventricular block and rest.
Dick and cardiac arrest.
counteraction
Palpitation, headache and dizziness are easy to play the role of heart rate and induce or aggravate cardiac colic in patients with hypoxia.
Long-term abuse of pain and asthma can lead to sudden death.
six
Dopamine:
dosage
20 mg
Function and use
The influence of xing on the heart, blood vessels and kidneys can increase the heart.
Visceral contraction and blood discharge increase blood pressure,
Relaxation of renal blood vessels,
Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate increase, which directly inhibits renal function.
The tubule can reabsorb sodium, which has the effect of discharging sodium and diuresis. For toxic, hemorrhagic and cardiogenic shock,
Compatibility with diuretics
Use,
Treat acute renal failure.
counteraction
The static descent speed is too fast,
Tachycardia may occur,
Even induce arrhythmia,
Headache and high blood pressure.
seven
, Verapamil:
dosage
5 mg
Function and use
:(
1
) reduce the autonomy of slow response cells: inhibit slow response
Response unit
four
mutually
calcium ion
Internal flow slows down diastolic automatic depolarization and reduces autonomy (
2
) slow down conduction: inhibit
Slow response cell
mutually
calcium ion
Internal process,
The depolarization rate decreases and the conduction slows down.
(
three
) Prolonging the effective refractory period is beneficial to eliminate it.
In addition to reentry, reduce premature beats.
Mainly used for supraventricular arrhythmia, as the first choice for supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, for other
Supraventricular arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and premature atrial fibrillation can also be used.
counteraction
: nausea, vomiting, constipation, palpitation, a few can be
Lead to obvious atrioventricular block,
Ventricular fibrillation,
Cardiac arrest,
People who inject drugs intravenously may have a drop in blood pressure.
Causing or aggravating heart failure.
eight
Ceylon:
dosage
0.4 mg
Function and use
: Strengthen myocardial contractility and increase patients with cardiac insufficiency.
The cardiac output decreased, the heart rate slowed down, and the autonomy of sinoatrial node decreased.
counteraction
Gastrointestinal reactions include anorexia, nausea and vomiting.
Tucao and so on.
Nervous system reaction is characterized by headache,
Dizziness,
Vision and visual impairment, etc.
And various arrhythmia may occur in that reaction,
Such as bradycardia, conduction block, ectopic rhythm and arrhythmia.
nine
, atropine:
dosage
0.5 mg
Function and use
: only (
1
) inhibit gland secretion (
2
) Pupil enlargement and enlargement
Intraocular pressure and accommodation paralysis (
three
) relax visceral smooth muscle (
four
) release the inhibition of vagus nerve on the heart (
five
) dilate blood vessels,
Improve microcirculation (
six
) central excitement. Clinically, it is mostly used for colic of stomach, intestine, gallbladder and kidney, early septic shock,
Medication before anesthesia, Asperger's syndrome, organophosphorus poisoning, mydriasis for iridocyclitis, etc.
counteraction
: dry mouth and dry heart
Palpitation, blurred vision, dry and red skin, elevated body temperature, dysuria and constipation. In addition to the above symptoms, overdose, and
Central excitement occurs, such as irritability, slurred speech, accelerated and deepened breathing, delirium, hallucinations and convulsions. Seriously.
Poison is that Ji Shu can change from excitement to inhibition, leading to coma and respiratory paralysis.
10
Anisodamine:
dosage
10 mg
Function and use
Can relieve microvascular spasm and improve microcirculation.
Has analgesic effect,
Pupil dilation and gland secretion have weak inhibitory effects, and are often used to treat toxic shock and relieve gastrointestinal colic.
no
Good response
Common symptoms include dry mouth, red face and blurred vision, while rare symptoms include increased heart rate, dysuria and overdose.
Atropine-like poisoning symptoms
1 1
, furosemide:
dosage
20 mg
Function and use
: inhibit
sodium ion
、
K+
、
Chlorine-
* * * Same luck, thin kidney.
The release function is reduced. because
sodium chloride
Excretion increases, reabsorption decreases, which reduces medullary hypertonic pressure and kidney concentration function.
The reabsorption of water is reduced, resulting in a strong diuretic effect; Improve renal blood circulation, dilate renal blood vessels and increase renal blood flow.
Renal blood flow distribution,
The blood supply to the renal cortex increased.
Used for all kinds of severe edema,
Renal insufficiency,
Cardiac insufficiency,
Drug poisoning.
counteraction
Otototoxicity of water and electrolyte disorder; Gastrointestinal reaction; It can cause hyperuricemia and induce gout.
12
、
Aminophylline:
dosage
0.25 g
Function and use
Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle,
Enhance the contractility of respiratory muscles,
It has effects in strengthening heart, promoting diuresis, dilating smooth muscle of coronary artery and biliary tract, and exciting central nervous system, and can be used for acute and chronic asthma and oral and maxillofacial diseases.
Take preventive medication, intravenous injection, intravenous drip and other ways to stop the attack; Cardiogenic asthma.
counteraction
: local stimulation, oral.
Causes nausea and vomiting, and intramuscular injection can cause local redness and pain; Therapeutic dose can lead to insomnia, palpitation, increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure.
Excessive or rapid intravenous injection can cause arrhythmia and even cardiac arrest.
13
Dexamethasone:
dosage
5 mg
Function and use
: anti-inflammatory effect; Anti-immune effect; Antitoxic effect, reduce
Damage of light endotoxin to the body; Anti-shock, effective for all kinds of shock, especially toxic shock; Yes, blood is extremely
Influence,
Making red blood cells in the blood,
Platelets,
The number of neutrophils increases,
The amount of hemoglobin and fibrinogen also increased,
Reduce lymphocytes and eosinophils;
Improve the excitability of the central nervous system.
For severe infection or inflammation,
prevent
Some inflammatory sequelae; Autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases; Antishock; Diseases of blood system.
counteraction
: long term
The adverse reactions caused by high-dose application include adrenal cortical hormone dysfunction such as full moon face,
The buffalo is back,
Centripetal obesity,
skin
Emaciation, acne, hirsutism, edema, hypokalemia, hypertension and diabetes, myasthenia, muscular atrophy; Induce or aggravate infection; instigate
Send or aggravate ulcers; Cause appetite increase, excitement, insomnia, occasional mental disorders or seizures. Sudden withdrawal of long-term drugs
The adverse reaction is iatrogenic adrenocortical insufficiency,
Nausea and vomiting,
Loss of appetite, muscle weakness,
Hypoglycemia and
Hypotension, etc. The rebound phenomenon causes the recurrence or aggravation of the original disease.
14
, stability:
dosage
10 mg
Function and use
: sedation, hypnosis, anti-anxiety; Various treatments and auxiliary treatments.
Type I epilepsy and convulsion;
counteraction
Sleepiness, dizziness and fatigue are common, and constipation is common in the elderly. You can see the big topic * * *
Disorder, tremor.
15
、
Nitroglycerin:
dosage
5 mg
Function and use
Directly relax vascular smooth muscle,
Reduce myocardial oxygen consumption,
Increase the blood supply and oxygen supply in myocardial ischemic area. Mainly used for angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction and chronic cardiac insufficiency.
serious
reaction
Pulsating headache, accelerated heartache, postural hypotension, increased intracranial pressure, induced angina pectoris, tolerance, when used.
It is not advisable to stop taking drugs suddenly.
High dose can cause methemoglobinemia, and in severe cases, it can cause dyspnea, cyanosis, coma and even death.
Death.
16
, Mei Lan:
dosage
20 mg
Function and use
There are two different effects on hemoglobin. At low concentrations,
six
Hydrogen ions in the process of dehydrogenation of phosphoric acid and glucose are transferred to methylene blue through reduced pyridine nucleoside triphosphate and converted into
Reduce white methylene blue,
White methylene blue uses trivalent iron to transfer hydrogen ions into methemoglobin,
Restore it to
Normal hemoglobin containing ferrous iron,
White methylene blue is oxidized to methylene blue.
The reduction and oxidation process of methylene blue is reversible.
Resume. Normal hemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin. Because methemoglobin is easily associated with
CN-
Combine to form high cyanide content.
Iron hemoglobin, but after a few minutes, the two dissociate again, so it can only be temporarily inhibited.
CN-
Toxicity is tissue poisoning, used for hydride.
And nitrite poisoning.
counteraction
Large doses of intravenous injection can cause headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, abdominal pain and nausea.
Sweating, burning urethra, precordial pain, unconsciousness, etc. It turns blue quietly after taking the medicine, and the urethral orifice may sting when urinating.
17
Magnesium sulfate:
dosage
10ml
Function and function
Has the effects of promoting gallbladder function, relaxing bowels, anticonvulsant and lowering blood pressure.
counteraction
Excessive dosage can cause vomiting, thirst, stomachache, cyanosis, dilated pupils, oliguria or urinary incontinence, exhaustion and collapse.
Taking a large amount of high concentration magnesium sulfate for catharsis will lead to dehydration.
18
、
Lidocaine:
dosage
100 mg
Function and use
This function is as follows
(
1
)
Reduce the self-discipline of Platts fiber;
By inhibition
four
mutually
sodium ion
Inflow and ascension
K+
Outflow reduces self-discipline and increases the threshold of fibrillation. (
2
) change the conduction speed,
Elimination of reentry: extracellular
K+
When the concentration is high, it can slow down the conduction, make one-way block become two-way block, and eliminate the reentry; cell
Outside
K+
When the concentration is low, it can accelerate conduction, eliminate unidirectional block and eliminate reentry. This is a narrow-spectrum antiarrhythmic drug, which is only used for
Ventricular arrhythmia, especially suitable for critical situations.
counteraction
: drowsiness and dizziness; Large doses can lead to language
Obstacles, convulsions and even respiratory depression. Occasionally, cardiotoxicity can be seen, such as sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular block.
19
、
10%
Calcium gluconate:
dosage
10ml
Function and use
: It's a calcium supplement. When serum calcium decreases, it can be excreted.
Now neuromuscular excitability is increasing,
Seizure,
Excessive blood calcium will reduce excitability,
There is weakness and acute hypercalcemia.
Tetany caused by alkalosis and hypothyroidism; Allergic diseases; Cardiac resuscitation.
counteraction
: intravenous injection
Radiation may cause fever all over the body. If it is too fast, it may lead to arrhythmia or even cardiac arrest, vomiting and nausea. Can cause hypercalcemia, early can be
It is characterized by constipation, lethargy, persistent headache, loss of appetite, metallic taste in the mouth and abnormal dry mouth. The signs of the later period are spiritual.
Disorder, hypertension, light sensitivity of eyes and skin.
20
、
50%GS
dosage
20 ml
Function and use
Used to supplement calories and treat hypoglycemia, when glucose and
Insulin is infused intravenously together, and the synthesis of glycogen needs the participation of potassium ions, so that potassium ions enter cells and the blood potassium concentration decreases.
So it is used to treat hyperkalemia,
Rapid intravenous injection of hypertonic glucose injection has the effect of tissue dehydration,
Can be used for tissue dehydration.
Special agent.
counteraction
: phlebitis; High attempt to extravasate glucose injection can cause local swelling and pain; Reactive hypoglycemia; Hyperglycemia
Ketosis coma; Electrolyte disorder, hypokalemia, hyponatremia and hypophosphatemia; People with original cardiac insufficiency; Hyperkalemia.