Cheng Dawei (1533 ~ 1606), a native of Qianyuan Village, Tunguang Town, Tunxi District, was a famous mathematician and abacus inventor in Ming Dynasty. China was a abacus country in the Ming Dynasty. The word is like thinking, from Xiuning, Anhui. He was born on April 10th in the 12th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1May 3rd, 553) and died on August 17th in the 34th year of Wanli (65438+September 18, 0606). When I was a teenager, I read widely and was very interested in calligraphy and mathematics. I have never been an official in my life. He has been doing business in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River since he was 20 years old. Because of the need of business computing, he has been paying attention to mathematics, visiting famous teachers, collecting a large number of mathematics books, studying hard and sometimes gaining experience. When he was about 40 years old, he went home, devoted himself to research, referred to various theories and supplemented his own opinions. At the age of 60, he completed his masterpiece "The Unification of Pointing Algorithms" (hereinafter referred to as "Algorithm Unification"). Most of the 595 questions in Algorithm Collection are extracted from other mathematical works, such as Liu Shilong's Nine-chapter Bright Algorithm (1424) and Nine-chapter Analogy of Algorithms (1450). The algorithm was relatively perfect at that time, and it was better in its kind at that time. In the development of ancient mathematics in China, "arithmetic unification" is a very important work. Its wide spread and long time played a great role in the popularization of abacus among the people in China. At the end of Ming Dynasty, it was introduced to Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia, which also played an important role in the spread of abacus to these places. In this book, Cheng Dawei not only absorbed the accuracy of various algorithms, but also accepted some wrong views. Some places in the book also use the wrong formula in the traditional mathematics book, which leads to misinformation. All these have a bad influence on the development of mathematics in the future. In the 26th year of Wanli (1598), Cheng Dawei deleted the "algorithmic unification of clans" and took its essence. In addition, it was compiled into four volumes and published in Tunxi as Arithmetic Collection. When I was a child, I was often nicknamed "Luo Idiot" by my peers because I was too focused on thinking. Only a junior high school diploma, with self-study finally took to the Tsinghua forum. Hua's life: During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he wrote a classic masterpiece "On the Prime Number of Stacking Bases" in a small attic like a cowshed in the suburbs of Kunming, which popularized the optimization method and overall planning method in industrial and agricultural production, covering 27 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and created huge material wealth and economic benefits. China,19111. When he was young, he liked to use his brain. Because he is too absorbed in thinking, he is often nicknamed "Luo nerd" by his peers. After he entered Jintan junior high school, his mathematical talent was discovered by teacher Wang Weike and cultivated as much as possible. After graduating from junior high school, Hua went to Shanghai China Vocational School, but dropped out of school because he couldn't afford the tuition, so he only had a junior high school diploma for life. After that, I started tenacious self-study and reached 10 hours every day. It took him five years to finish all the math courses in high school and junior college. 1928, he was unfortunately infected with typhoid fever, and he survived under the care of his new wife, but his left leg was disabled. At the age of 20, he caused a sensation in the field of mathematics with a paper and was invited to work by Tsinghua University. From 193 1, Hua worked and studied in Tsinghua University, and completed all the courses in the Department of Mathematics in one and a half years. He taught himself English, French and German. After publishing three papers in foreign magazines, he was appointed as a teaching assistant. 1In the summer of 936, Hua was sent to Cambridge University in England for further study, and published more than ten papers in two years, which was appreciated by the international mathematics community. From 65438 to 0938, Hua returned from a visit to Britain and served as Professor The National SouthWest Associated University. In a small attic like a cowshed on the outskirts of Kunming, he struggled to write the famous book "The Theory of Prime Number of Stacking Bases". 1March, 946, invited to visit the Soviet Union. After returning home, despite the restrictions of the reactionary authorities, he gave the youth a report on his "visit to the Soviet Union in March" in Kunming. 1946 In September, Hua went to the United States to give lectures at the invitation of Princeton University, and was hired as a tenured professor by the University of Illinois from 1948. Soon, my wife came to America with her three sons to reunite with her. 1949, Hua resolutely gave up her comfortable life and returned to the motherland with her family. 1March, 950, went to Beijing, and later served as the head of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University and the director of the Institute of Mathematics of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the 1950s, under the academic atmosphere of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, he wrote a lot, and also discovered and trained mathematics talents such as Wang Yuan and Chen Jingrun. 1956, he set out to build the Institute of Computational Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences. 65438-0958: Vice President of China University of Science and Technology and Head of the Department of Mathematics. From 1960, China began to popularize the overall planning method and optimization method in industrial and agricultural production, covering 27 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, creating huge material wealth and economic benefits. 1978 served as vice president of China Academy of Sciences in March, and joined the Party the following year. In his later years, despite his advanced age and lack of physical strength, Hua was still fighting in the front line of construction. He was invited to give lectures in Europe, America, China and Hong Kong for many times, and was awarded honorary doctorates by Nancy University in China, the University of Illinois and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He was also elected as a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences by a unanimous vote of 1984. 1June 2, 985, died of a heart attack while giving an academic report in Tokyo, Japan, at the age of 74.

Hua (19 10- 1985) is a famous mathematician and educator in China and has made important contributions to number theory. Born in Jintan County, Jiangsu Province, he dropped out of school due to family financial difficulties after graduating from junior high school, but he still taught himself mathematics and began to write mathematics papers and submit them to magazines. In the meantime, Xiong Qinglai, head of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University, appreciated him and hired him as the assistant of the department's library. Later, Tsinghua University promoted Huawei teachers. Later, he went to Cambridge University as a visiting scholar. After returning home, Tsinghua University hired him as a professor and has been engaged in a wide range of academic and scientific knowledge popularization activities.

Hua (Chinese pinyin: Huà Luó-Gēng,19 10129851October 65438-1June) was born in Jintan, Jiangsu. China famous mathematician, academician of China Academy of Sciences, foreign academician of American Academy of Sciences. He is the founder of China's research on analytic number theory, music group, matrix geometry, automorphism function theory and multivariate complex function, and he is one of China's most influential mathematicians in the world. Hua Yu 193 1 Studying and working in Tsinghua University. It took him only one and a half years to complete all the courses in the Department of Mathematics, and at the same time he taught himself English, French and German. He published 3 papers in international academic journals and was appointed as a teaching assistant by Xiong Qinglai. His achievements in analytic number theory are particularly famous. The internationally renowned "China School of Analytic Number Theory" is a school founded by Hua, and has made many significant contributions to the distribution of prime numbers and Goldbach conjecture. His contribution to the theory of multiple complex variables has influenced the development of mathematics in the world. According to Qiu Chengtong, he is one of the three China mathematicians who have an influence on the contemporary world. The other two are Chen Shengshen and Feng Kang. He was the director of the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences. Due to the idea of merging departments determined by the establishment of China University of Science and Technology, he established the Department of Mathematics of China University of Science and Technology at 1958, and served as the head of the Department of Mathematics. To this end, China University of Science and Technology has set up a "Master Hua Lecture". He is also a famous social activist. He was elected as a member of the first to sixth the NPC Standing Committee, vice chairman of the sixth China People's Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of the China Democratic League. 1979 joined China. 1985 June 12, Hua was invited to give an academic report in Tokyo, Japan. After the report, he had a heart attack on the podium and was confirmed dead after being sent to hospital. In order to commemorate him, his alma mater, Jintan County Middle School in Jiangsu Province, was changed to a mathematics school named after him (Hualuogeng Middle School in Jiangsu Province). His research achievements are named Fahrenheit Theorem, Brouwer-Gadang-Hua Theorem, Hua-Wang Method, Fahrenheit Operand and Fahrenheit Invariant by the international mathematical community. He wrote 200 academic papers, monographs 10 and popular science works 10 in his life. Hua Introduction to Number Theory, Beijing Science Press,1957; Optimization by Hua, Beijing Science Press,1981; Hua, harmonic analysis of curved domain in the theory of multiple complex variables, Beijing Science Press,1965; Introduction to Advanced Mathematics, Beijing Science Press,1963; Typical Groups, edited by Hua and Wan Zhexian, Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1963; From Yang Hui Triangle, Hua, Beijing People's Education Publishing House, 1964. Others: accumulation prime number theory, harmonic analysis of typical fields, review and supplement of optimization methods, review and supplement of overall planning method, etc. zh。 *** /w/index？ Title =% E8% 8F% AF% E7% BE% 85% E5% BA% 9A&; Variant =zh- Cheng Dawei, from Xiuning, Anhui. In A.D. 1592, when he was 60 years old, he wrote "An Algorithm Directing at Unity". Is an applied mathematics book, with abacus as the main calculation tool, and there are 595 questions in the book. The compilation and wide spread of Arithmetic Unification School marked the completion of the transition from preparation to abacus, and preparation was gradually forgotten and lost. Up to now, people still carry the big abacus and the portrait of Cheng Dawei, the god of abacus, on August 8th every year in Japan to show their respect for this abacus promoter. Cheng Dawei (1533- 1606, Ming Dynasty) was born in a merchant family, and he was smart and studious since childhood. According to the genealogy of Cheng, he is good at seal script and makes good use of arithmetic. When I was a teenager, I did business with my father and traveled all over Wu Chu. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, China still used abacus to count, but it gradually replaced it in the Ming Dynasty. In business dealings, he felt the inconvenience of the traditional chip counting method, so he planned to compile a concise and practical math book. In his spare time, he visited famous mathematicians and abacus experts and bought a suicide note at great expense. He also collected a large number of ancient mathematical problems and calculation methods, and studied them hard to enhance his understanding of the basic theory of mathematics. 40 years old, abandoned business and concentrated on writing books. After nearly 20 years' hard study, Cheng Dawei completed the book "Arithmetic Unity Sect" with the total volume 17, and published it at his own expense. Later, Cheng Dawei revised and published the Concise Edition of Arithmetic Outline * * 4 volumes, which became the basic reader for later folk mathematicians. Cheng Dawei not only made great achievements in abacus calculation, but also invented the "measurer", which was made of bamboo sticks, similar to today's tape measure and marked with length units, and solved the problem of field measurement with a ruler. The book "Arithmetic Unified Set" is entitled "New Arithmetic Unified Set", which contains all kinds of practical mathematical problems and methods that can be collected at that time. According to the compiling method of "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", various problems are described in terms of square field, millet, difference, small amplitude, quotient power, occasional loss, surplus, equation and Pythagorean. The book lists various calculation methods and compares the most convenient algorithms. For example, he thinks that the first multiplication is the best and the quotient division is the best. These methods, which are convenient to use and accurate in calculation, are still widely used by people, such as "Song of Nine Returns" by the abacus operator, "Twenty-one plus five, every two plus ten ...". The essence of the arithmetic unification family is the detailed introduction of abacus, as well as its various methods and formulas of division, which has made great contributions to promoting abacus to replace calculation, promoting the application of abacus in social life, and making abacus completely the main counting algorithm in Qing Dynasty. In addition, the book is illustrated in detail with graphics, and nearly 600 calculation problems are listed in the book, all with detailed notes and answers. During this period, due to the progress of production technology and the popularization of commercial behavior, the research of advanced mathematics almost stopped, but commercial mathematics was popularized. Of course, Cheng Dawei's "unity of arithmetic" has a great influence. Volumes 13~ 16 in the book are mostly composed of formulas and poems, which are extensive and profound, but fortunately they are all annotated, so that the general public can have a glimpse of their mathematical meaning and are widely used. In the past, the first textbook of junior high school mathematics quoted the topic in the Theory of Arithmetic Unity: "How much is less than 40 per catty? It is hard to say how much meat it is." This means that a mute comes to buy meat, and he can't tell how much money he brought. All I know is that a kilo of meat costs less than 40p, and 9 ounces of meat costs more16p. How much meat can a person who can count buy with his money? (Note 1 kg = 16 Liang) "I drank wine yesterday and went to visit relatives and friends, four miles away. I doubled my trip, but Antong stole 6 liters. Go to your in-laws, there is nothing in the bottle. Ask smart people who can calculate, and the geometric original wine should be clear. This means that it was a long way to buy wine and visit relatives and friends yesterday, four miles away. After walking a mile, the wine in the bottle doubled, but the wine boy stole six liters every time. In this way, I walked four places and came to the door of my relative's house. There was not a drop of wine in the bottle. I'm sorry, you're a master. How much wine was there in the original bottle? (Note 1 stone = 1 bucket, 1 bucket =1liter,1liter = 10,10 spoon = from mathland.idv/history/c

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