Karamay, which means black oil in Uygur language, is named after Black Oil Mountain. This is a beautiful and magnificent modern city, located in the northwest of Junggar Basin, at the eastern foot of Gail Mountain. This is Karamay, with the reputation of "Gobi Beauty" and "Black Gem". Karamay has many buildings and spacious roads; With flowing water and green trees, it is the first oil industrial city built after the founding of New China. The roads in the new town are 60 meters wide, and the gray-black cement pavement and eye-catching markings give people a lively feeling. It's early summer, and the poplars on the roadside are black and green, hiding modern buildings. Bright colors and novel shapes reveal the rapid development of this city. I have been to bustling Shanghai and beautiful Hangzhou, but they only give people a feeling of being crowded and fragile. Karamay, though an extremely ordinary city in northwest China, is rough and thick. Tourist attractions Karamay River Karamay Dushanzi Mud Fire Jiulong Lake Baiyang River Grand Canyon Karamay Exhibition Hall Ke No.1 Well Black Oil Mountain. There are many Chinese restaurants in Karamay, which can be seen everywhere in the street. Ethnic snacks can be seen everywhere: mixed noodles, fried noodles, pilaf, soup rice, yellow noodles, barbecue, pepper chicken, baked buns, beef noodles and so on. There is no sandstorm, and there are about 3 days of trace sandstorm weather in some areas in late winter and early spring. climate

Karamay is a typical continental climate, with drought and little rain, and windy in spring and autumn. Winter is cold, summer is hot, spring and autumn are short, and the temperature difference between winter and summer is large. The annual average number of windy days is 7 1.3 days, the annual average temperature is 8. 1℃, the frost-free period is 225 days, and the average sunshine hours are 2705.6 hours. The first frost usually appears in the first ten days of 1 1/and the final frost usually ends in the last ten days of March. The highest monthly average temperature in a year is July, with an average temperature of 27.6℃, and the lowest is 1, with an average of-16.3℃. The annual average precipitation 108.9mm, and the annual average evaporation is 3008.9mm, which is 20.8 times of the precipitation.

land

Most of Karamay is the Eby Desert. From south to north, the soil distribution is brown calcium soil, desert gray calcium soil and gray brown desert soil in turn. The soil quality is poor, and gravel is everywhere. In many places, the soil has high salt content. Due to the lack of rain, salt hardens on the soil surface, forming serious soil salinization. The territory of "baijiantan district" is named after its vast saline-alkali land. Due to the characteristics of drought, little rain, windy and large temperature difference, vegetation is generally scarce and short, and most of them belong to Chenopodiaceae vegetation which is drought-resistant, sandstorm-resistant and saline-alkali resistant. There are about 230 species of Haloxylon ammodendron, Elaeagnus angustifolia, camel thorn, Sophora alopecuroides and willow.

plant

The area with good vegetation in Karamay is Baiyang River Basin, and a large area of Populus euphratica forest and red willow grow in the floodplain areas on both sides of the river. In Xiaoguai, Daguai, Wuerhe and other areas, reeds, Achnatherum splendens and Setaria viridis grow in large quantities due to low terrain, fine soil and frequent water accumulation. Dushanzi area is located at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain, with more precipitation and humid climate. From the mountain to the foot of the mountain, the vegetation is vertically distributed. The lowest layer of the mountain is a desert vegetation type, and broad-leaved trees grow on the mountain. At an altitude of 1500m, it is a tall spruce forest.

hydrology

Karamay city belongs to inland river and inland lake. Rivers are seasonal rivers with short flow and small water volume. The main rivers are Baiyang River, crassus River, Tuhe River in Dalbet, Manas River and Dushanzi Kuitun River. There is Lake Eric in the lake. In order to solve the problem of production and domestic water, in 1950s and 1960s, Karamay focused on developing Baikouquan groundwater, which was transported to the urban area of Karamay through a culvert with a length of 65km. 1970, the 1 reservoir (Baiyanghe Reservoir) was built in Baiyanghe, with a storage capacity of 35.739 million cubic meters. At the same time, 72.8 kilometers of concrete seepage-proof open channel was built. 1979, another 1 regulating reservoir was built in baijiantan area, with a storage capacity of195.05 million cubic meters. Since 1989, Huangyangquan Reservoir with a storage capacity of 58 million cubic meters has been built to make full use of the water source of Baiyang River. Dushanzi area in the south of the city mainly refers to Kuitun River. The construction of water conservancy facilities in Karamay basically ensures the demand for production and domestic water. natural resource

Jade Since March 4th, the Gobi colorful stone, multicolored jade and Ya Dan jade produced in Karamay will adopt the new name of Karamay jade. The 88 names collected are mainly divided into two categories, one starts with "Karamay" (place name); The other is Gobi colorful stone, multicolored jade and Yadan jade, which started in Junggar (region) and began to be produced in Karamay on March 4, adopting the new name of Karamay jade. This is the decision made by the leaders of Karamay Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government after careful study on March 3rd. On the same day, the leaders of Karamay Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government carefully studied the five names to be named selected by the Council of Karamay Ornamental Stone Association according to the Request for Instructions on Naming the Ornamental Stone in Karamay submitted by the Municipal Ornamental Stone Association, and finally determined the name "Karamay Jade". According to Wang Chenggong, president of the Municipal Ornamental Stone Association and director of the Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, the determination of this name embodies the concern and support of the leaders of the municipal party committee and the municipal government and the collective wisdom of the general public in our city, which will lay a good foundation for the healthy development of the ornamental stone industry in our city and build our own jade brand. The new name "Karamay Jade" is more suitable for the colorful jade of Karamay real estate. It is catchy, loud and atmospheric, and has obvious regional characteristics. Wang, Secretary-General of the Association, introduced that on February 15, the Association published a message in Karamay Daily and Karamay.com, soliciting the names of Karamay real estate ornamental stones from the public. By February 23, the association had collected 8 1 names, and another 7 citizens expressed their wishes and reasons for naming by telephone. The 88 names collected are mainly divided into two categories, one starts with "Karamay" (place name); The other type begins with "Junggar" (region). On the afternoon of March 1, the first meeting of the Municipal Ornamental Stone Association was held. After careful discussion of the 88 names collected, five distinctive names were finally retained, namely Karamay Jade, Karamay Colored Jade, Junggar Jade, Junggar Colored Jade and Yadanyu, and submitted to the leaders of the municipal party committee for research. Zhao Lansheng, vice president of the association, said: From this solicitation activity, we can see the public's love for Karamay and colorful jade, a jade resource. Protecting this resource, expanding and excavating the economic value and cultural value of Karamay jade, building Karamay jade brand and making it another city card of Karamay will be the goal of all walks of life in Karamay. Mineral oil and natural gas are the main mineral resources in Karamay. Karamay has large oil and gas reserves, shallow oil layers and excellent texture. The distribution of oil and gas fields is horizontally contiguous and vertically superimposed, and it is composed of various oil and gas series and types, which is convenient for exploitation, processing, transportation and use, and is known as "black gold". During the period of 1983, heavy oil with shallow reservoir, good physical properties and abundant reserves was discovered in Baijiantan, Hongshanzui and Fengcheng areas under the jurisdiction of this city, which became a rare and precious resource in China. In addition, there are natural asphalt, coal, gypsum, limestone, mirabilite, salt, asbestos, crystals, refractories, and building materials such as loess and sandstone for firing bricks and tiles and ultra-light ceramsite.

Grassland and woodland

Karamay has 105200 hectares of natural grassland. Among them, there are 23,000 hectares of grassland, mainly distributed in Wuerhe, Xiaoguai and Dushanzi. The quality of grassland is poor. Due to the decline of groundwater level and overgrazing, the quality of grassland has deteriorated year by year. There are 27,400 hectares of forest land in the city, with a coverage rate of 3.5%. There are mainly secondary forests of sand shrubs such as Populus euphratica, Haloxylon ammodendron and Salix. From 1950s to 1970s, the area of forest land decreased due to cutting down vegetation for firewood. Since 1980s, with the change of fuel and heating mode, it is no longer necessary to cut down vegetation as fuel, and desert vegetation has recovered.

Edit this section of animal and plant resources.

The main wild animals in Karamay are goose throat antelope, Tibetan antelope, mountain rabbit, Tarim rabbit, hare, wild boar, argali, fox, lizard, pheasant, wild duck, swan, sparrow, cuckoo, wolf, mouse, snake, toad, oriole, magpie, lark, eagle, crow, turtledove and so on. Livestock include sheep, goats, camels, cows, horses, pigs, chickens, etc., and fish resources include crucian carp, carp, grass carp and pomfret. Wild plants mainly include Populus euphratica, Ulmus pumila, Calligonum mongolicum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Mulberry, Pine, Willow, Abies Abies, Picea, Betula platyphylla, Haloxylon ammodendron, Lycium barbarum, Phragmites communis, Typha angustifolia, Salix psammophila, Achnatherum, Festuca arundinacea, Leymus chinensis, Xanthium sibiricum, Stipa grandis, Imperata and Taraxacum. For the first time, Karamay won the honorary award of national founding, the honorary title of civilized city in Karamay, the title of "national garden city", the title of technical expert in Karamay, the title of national environmental protection model city in Karamay, the title of youth civilization of national tax service department in Karamay, the advanced title of "safe family" in China, and the title of outstanding quality enterprise in Xinjiang. Five collectives in Karamay were awarded the title of "Advanced Collective in National Economic Census", Junggar Shopping Mall in Karamay was awarded the title of "Integrity Rights Protection Unit", Junggar Shopping Mall in Karamay was awarded the title of "No Fake Goods in 100 Cities", Karamay Petroleum Branch was awarded the title of "National Best Civilized Unit", Karamay CPPCC was awarded the title of "Learning Organization" and Karamay was awarded the title of National Science and Technology Progress City. Karamay City was awarded the title of "Demonstration City for Implementing Municipal Environmental Protection Target Responsibility Letter", Karamay Intellectual Property Office was awarded the advanced title of autonomous region, seven scientific research projects of Karamay Petrochemical Company were awarded the title of "China Enterprise New Record", Karamay Research Institute was awarded the title of Excellent Enterprise for Petroleum QC Group Activities, and Karamay Vocational and Technical College was officially approved by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance as the project construction unit of "National Model College Construction Plan". Yushu Village, Xiaoguai Township, Karamay City won the title of "National Demonstration Village of Democracy and Legal System", Karamay Petrochemical Company and Dagang Petrochemical Company won the title of "Top 50 Energy Green Enterprises in China", the Communist Youth League Committee of Karamay No.2 Oil Production Plant won the honorary title of "Model of the May 4th Red Flag Youth League Committee", and the patrol class 3 of Karamay No.6 Oil Production Plant won the honorary title of Youth Civilization. Karamay Hongye Co., Ltd. was awarded the title of "Advanced Private Enterprise for Employment and Social Security in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region", the title of "National Advanced Collective for Intellectual Property Training", the honorary title of "National Advanced Collective for Patent System" in Karamay City, the title of "Second National Young and Middle-aged Literary Worker" in Karamay Calligraphers Association and the title of "National Sanitary City" in Karamay City. Karamay was awarded the honorary title of "National Model City with Double Support", Karamay was awarded the honorary title of "National Advanced City with Civilized City", Karamay Sanlian Investment Group was awarded the title of "National Excellent Construction Enterprise", and Karamay Single White-collar Civil Affairs Bureau Marriage Association was awarded the title of "National Top 100 Excellent Units in the Same Industry" 10 year. With the approval of the State Council, Karamay established the first Chinese restaurant in Quanjude of Karamay Oilfield, the honorary title of "National Advanced Urban Area for Scientific and Technological Work" in Karamay, the title of "National Good Parent" in Bulilan of Karamay and "Top Ten Meng Mu in Contemporary China".