The human genome project (HGP) was first proposed by American scientists in 1985, and was officially launched in 1990. Scientists from the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan and China participated in the $3 billion human genome project. This project aims to accurately sequence the human genome composed of more than 3 billion base pairs, find all human genes and find out their positions on chromosomes, and decipher all human genetic information.

The main task of HGP is human DNA sequencing, including four spectrograms [genetic map, physical map, sequence map and gene map], in addition to sequencing technology, human genome sequence variation, functional genome technology, comparative genomics, social, legal and ethical research, bioinformatics and computational biology, education and training.

Basic strategy of large-scale sequencing

Clone-by-clone method: subclone sequencing and assembling predetermined BAC clones in continuous clone lines (common domain sequencing plan).

Whole genome shotgun: On the basis of certain mapping information, the genome is directly decomposed into small fragments for random sequencing and assembled by supercomputer (Celera Company, USA).