System Analyst (SA) is an operator who is responsible for designing and developing application software systems, making them correctly reflect effective information, and assisting business operators to manage and operate the company. System analysts are the creators of abstract models, and they need professional conceptual model knowledge and basic programming skills. Outstanding system analysts will use programming skills to help build conceptual modules.
operating duty
The basic duties of system analysts are engaged in the customization of management information systems, the design and development of enterprise resource management systems, and market evaluation and planning. Their professional background and recruitment requirements are: computer or mathematical science or engineering background, bachelor degree or above, being able to independently translate and read foreign technical materials, having the vision and ability to engage in experiments, mastering the latest international technologies and methods, and understanding business logic and customer needs. Proficient in using MICROSOFTVISU-ALBASIC and MICROSOFTSQLSERVER for software development, familiar with EQP system, able to design management information systems and projects, estimate development progress, control and related experience, good understanding, logical analysis, expression, adequate communication and basic document writing skills, and familiar with the installation and maintenance of Microsoft background products; As a partner solution provider of Microsoft, system analysts must become MCSE and MCSD to adapt to the work of enterprise teams.
scope of business
According to the development fields involved by IT enterprises at present, its business scope mainly includes: warehouse management system, customs declaration business system, sales statistics and management system, financial management system, logistics management command system, intelligent building management system, various data query statistics and analysis, business process control system, simulation examination system, human resource management analysis system and so on. , which leads to a variety of information system analysts, that is, system analysis experts. They not only undertake the business guidance task of designing and developing new software products for customers, but also provide technical support and training consulting services for secondary development for customers. They are not only the technical backbone and general talents in IT enterprises, but also the market forecasters and market planners who participate in the marketing of new software products in IT enterprises. From this point of view, they are also senior think tanks and strategists of enterprises, and they can be called senior compound talents with international vision.
Familiar with the business in the application field, able to analyze users' needs and constraints, write information system demand specifications, formulate project development plans, coordinate all kinds of personnel involved in information system development and operation, guide the formulation of strategic data planning of enterprises, organize information system development, evaluate and select appropriate development methods and tools, write system analysis and design documents according to standards and norms, control the quality and progress of development process, and guide project development in detail, with the practical working ability and business level of senior engineers.
(1) Have basic knowledge of system engineering;
(2) Master the comprehensive technical knowledge (hardware, software, network, database) of developing information systems;
(3) Familiar with enterprise and government informatization construction, and have the knowledge of organizing informatization strategic planning;
(4) Familiar with the process and method of information system development;
(5) Familiar with information system development standards;
(6) Master the relevant knowledge and technology of information security;
(7) Understand the means of software quality assurance;
(8) Have basic knowledge of economics and management, and be familiar with relevant laws and regulations;
(9) Have an undergraduate mathematics foundation;
(10) Proficient in reading and correcting English documents in related fields.
Description of system analyst qualification examination
Computer Technology and Software Professional Technical Qualification (Level) Examination
System Analyst Exam Notes (2009 Edition)
First, the examination objectives
Qualified personnel who pass this examination should be familiar with the business in the application field, be able to analyze users' needs and constraints, write information system requirements specifications, make project development plans, and coordinate all kinds of personnel involved in information system development and operation; Can guide the formulation of enterprise strategic data planning and organize the development of information systems; Ability to evaluate and select appropriate development methods and tools; Be able to write system analysis and design documents according to standard specifications; Ability to control the quality and progress of the development process; Can specifically guide the project development; Have the practical working ability and professional level of a senior engineer.
Second, the examination requirements
(1) Master the basic knowledge of system engineering;
(2) Master comprehensive technical knowledge (hardware, software, network, database, etc.). ) needed for the development of information systems;
(3) Familiar with enterprise or government informatization construction, and master the knowledge of organizational informatization strategic planning;
(4) Master the process and method of information system development;
(5) Familiar with information system development standards;
(6) Master the relevant knowledge and technology of information security;
(7) Familiar with the knowledge and methods of information system project management;
(8) Master the basic knowledge of applied mathematics, economy and management, and be familiar with relevant laws and regulations;
(9) Skilled reading and correct understanding of English literature in related fields.
Third, the examination subject setting
(1) Comprehensive knowledge of information systems, with the examination time of 150 minutes, written test and multiple-choice questions;
(2) System analysis and design case, the examination time is 90 minutes, written test, question and answer;
(3) Systematic analysis and design of examination papers, the examination time is 120 minutes, written test and thesis topics.
Common sense of system analyst
First, the software talent growth chain
(1) programmer
Programmers are at the bottom of the technological growth process. They need to master all kinds of language skills, know the applicability of skills and make the most appropriate arrangement of resources.
(2) Software system analyst
System analysts are the creators of abstract models, and they need professional conceptual model knowledge and basic programming skills. Outstanding system analysts will use programming skills to help build conceptual models.
(3) SD system designer
System designers should be very familiar with the software technology used in "System Architecture". If you have good programming skills, you will become an excellent system designer. It is very important for the system designer to map the structural model to the implementation model. In the stage from concept to implementation, the quality of planning and combination model is the standard to determine the quality of system designers.
(4) Project Manager
The project manager must have strong professional knowledge and communication skills, understand the composition of team members, know how to divide the work of the team, learn to choose the most appropriate language and tools according to the characteristics of the project, and not be paranoid.
(5) Product Manager
The product manager must have the ability of product management. This is a very important skill. Product managers need to integrate technology and market trends, know what people need in the future, and let the developed products realize the guiding role of technology and market. They also need to learn technology quickly and integrate it to make a good demonstration.
(6) Architect (Architect)
Architect is the ultimate destination of programmers and the most sacred link in the growth chain. The architect made a great contribution to the whole project. Architects are completely free from the shackles of language and proficient in many languages. Knowing the development trend of software, I will develop or plan a new generation of products and understand the characteristics of various software products. Architects will make very good products according to these characteristics. In addition, excellent architects have the ability to innovate skills.
Second, the working environment of system analysts
The work of system analysts can be roughly divided into the following stages according to the stages:
System analysis: analyze the current system: determine the functional requirements of the system; Determine the resources of the system: protection and performance requirements, develop the system architecture, and determine the environmental and organizational changes that users will face.
Preliminary design: divide the job subsystem, draw up the input, output, interface and job processing flow of the subsystem, the manual operation specification of the subsystem, the design of logical material library, and list the software and hardware specifications of the system.
Fine step design: design entity database: design manual operation program; Design file formats and output and input formats; Formulate program specifications and step-by-step processes: determine common routines * * * enjoy programs.
System testing: testing, error data collection and analysis according to various functions defined in the analysis stage.
Data conversion: sorting and compiling documents, assigning staff and training, and data conversion.
System maintenance: correcting potential errors in the system: making appropriate adjustments to adapt to changes in the environment.
Due to the nature of the work, analysts in the organization need to discuss the system requirements with the relevant personnel of the operating unit, and on the other hand, they need to know the progress of programmers in time to grasp the progress of system development. So they often travel between different units, but most of the time they work alone: they don't want to be disturbed by too much outside. So there are usually fixed and quiet offices.
Third, the working hours of system analysts.
Generally speaking, system analysts in companies or government agencies work eight hours a day, from 8: 30 am to 5: 30 pm, and take an hour off at noon. Computer companies, because of their different professional nature, have to work overtime regularly in addition to normal working hours.
Four. Qualification of system analyst
In addition to the government, public utilities and financial institutions, the qualifications of information practitioners can be stipulated in the employment of technicians or passed the examination. General private enterprises and computer companies have no qualification restrictions, but only those with computer professional knowledge and practical experience can be competent for system analysis. There are certain standards before recruitment, which are usually classified as follows:
Education: College degree or above. Information science department, business administration department, management research institute and other relevant departments.
Technical ability: Information workers should be proficient in English besides Chinese.
Age and sex: Generally, there is no limit to gender, but the proportion of men is high, and they are over 28 years old.
Personality: lively, enterprising, capable of organization and coordination, and most importantly, careful and careful.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) education and training of system analysts
With the rapid development of industry and commerce and the popularity of electronic calculators, there is an increasing demand for information manpower in all walks of life. According to the analysis of the Tracking Research Report of Information Manpower Supply and Demand of Industrial Policy Committee, from 1974 to 1983, due to formal education and promotion education, the demand and supply of information manpower in China are just equal. However, the quality of information manpower has not yet reached a certain level. Therefore, in addition to formal education, system analysts should always pay attention to private enterprises. Organize or manage various types of practical lectures on "Enterprise Management and System Analysis" held by consulting companies to absorb other people's experience and the latest technology, so as to improve their employability.
Six, the necessary qualities and skills of system analysts
Here, I want to briefly discuss the necessary qualities and skills of system analysts, because it is written in a hurry and may not be complete.
(1) Strong sense of responsibility and enterprise
In fact, this is an essential quality for every position. System analysts have greater responsibility because they must ensure the accuracy of requirements. Generally speaking, it should not be used as an excuse that the user's expression is unclear, the user's demand cannot be obtained or the user's demand changes too much.
(2) Have the idea of object-oriented programming.
The idea of object-oriented programming plays a very important role in objectively and truly simulating the operation law of objective things. It can be predicted that in the future, object-oriented programming mode will still be the first choice in the process of software system construction. (excerpt)
(3) Master an object-oriented system analysis tool.
The object-oriented system analysis tool is used to describe the software system to be developed clearly and accurately in a graphical way in the process of software system analysis.
(4) communication and expression skills
Used for customer communication skills and internal team communication.
(5) Business domain knowledge
Business process knowledge is very important, which is directly related to the understanding of the problem domain.
(6) Have a solid technical foundation in software engineering.
With software engineering technology, it is impossible to write software code directly. But with the thinking mode of software engineering, software engineers can not only think from the perspective of the whole application software system, but more importantly, on the basis of professional technology accumulation, ordinary code writers can gradually grow into technical managers such as system analysts and software project managers. (excerpt)
7. Position of system analyst in software company.
Here I want to briefly discuss the position of the role of system analyst in domestic software companies.
Domestic software companies have different positioning of system analysis and system analyst. According to incomplete understanding, there are roughly the following situations:
(1) There is no formal system analyst.
There will be many situations here:
Customers will provide more detailed requirements. The customer acts as a system analyst;
In the early stage of the project, the project manager or business personnel have found out the general idea of the customer and the requirements of some major parts through discussion. They can directly tell software engineers what to do. At this point, the project manager or business person acts as a system analyst;
Software engineers are independent and responsible for the requirements analysis, design and development of a system or some modules. Software engineers have the opportunity to have some contact with customers. At this time, the software engineer acts as a system analyst;
In outsourcing projects, the results of system analysis are provided by the employer. At this time, the foreign party acted as a system analyst.
(2) Have a formal system analyst.
There are two situations here: analysts do demand analysis and system overall design (architecture design and outline design) at the same time, and such analysts are often promoted by design and development experts; The other is just to do demand analysis and ensure that the implementation of the system meets the needs of customers. Such analysts are often familiar with customer business, have certain research, or have certain industry background.
System analysts need to communicate with customers constantly to ensure the correctness of requirements and respond to changes in requirements in a timely manner; In addition, communicate with developers, so that developers have an accurate understanding of the requirements; Cooperate with testers, such as writing test cases, verifying requirements and testing solutions for users. Cooperate with business personnel, provide necessary support in the preparation of quotation, and even cooperate with the help of document authors, and so on.
(3) Sometimes there are, sometimes there are no system analysts.
According to the needs of the project, sometimes he is a system analyst, and sometimes he holds other positions. I won't elaborate here.
Finally, a suggestion:
No matter what responsibilities the company entrusts you with, you should actively do the work within the scope of your responsibilities, cooperate with other roles, and constantly learn and improve yourself.
Eight, the future outlook
In recent years, the use of electronic calculators by China government and industrial and commercial enterprises has increased rapidly, and the demand for talents is increasing. However, the supply of information talents trained by schools is in short supply.
Therefore, it has created more outlets for other departments, especially business departments. Looking forward to the future, under the situation that the economic structure has changed and the scale of various industries has been expanding, it is necessary to establish computerized management systems for enterprises, and the demand for system analysts will increase even more. Therefore, the employment prospects of young people who have received information education or training, have professional knowledge of electronic calculators and business management concepts are very optimistic.