Teresa Hua En Toto said that about 500,000 people visited the museum in 2004, including 1670 tourists from China. She said: "Many visitors are Nazi Germans and their descendants who participated in the concentration camp that year. They came to this international cemetery where they committed crimes, mourned the victims who died in the concentration camp, and deeply regretted the irreparable crimes committed by themselves or their predecessors. "
Teresa Hua En Toto said that at present, the museum has preserved historical relics as much as possible, maintained incinerators and gas chambers, protected the belongings left by the victims, restored various facilities and buildings, and restored the original appearance of the concentration camp to the greatest extent.
Teresa Hua En Toto said that at this time of year, countless tourists from all over the world gather here to attend the anniversary celebration to commemorate the liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp. Many survivors who were detained here in those years also came here with their families. The survivors of those years are now white-haired and faltering.
Teresa Hua En Toto said that many survivors came here again and again, and carefully looked at every object and every corner of the museum, as if history had left an indelible mark on these objects, and the terrible scene of that year reappeared before their eyes, and many people could not help but turn pale with pain.
The painful memory of the concentration camp has left many people with lifelong sequelae. Some people feel scared when they see dogs, because they think of hounds raised by Nazi Germans. Some people tremble when they arrive in crowded places. In those days, a large number of prisoners were often squeezed into a small place to receive hard labor in concentration camps.
Teresa Hua En Toto said that in front of this genocide monument, both the victims of that tragic history and the perpetrators of the crimes committed in those years have now become ordinary people with only one purpose and hope, that is, "to remember history and avoid the recurrence of tragedies".
The largest "killing factory" in history
1945 65438+1On October 27th, the Soviet Red Army discovered a concentration camp surrounded by barbed wire in Auschwitz, southern Poland. There are more than 7000 people in it, all with dull faces and emaciated faces. This is the notorious Nazi Auschwitz concentration camp, the largest "killing factory" during World War II.
At that time, the Nazi Auschwitz concentration camp administration controlled an area of 40 square kilometers. Hitler and the Nazis used stuffy cans and trucks to transport people from European countries to concentration camps, and selected a very small number of able-bodied people to do hard labor. Others, including children and even newborn babies, were sent to gas chambers to be killed and then cremated. From 1940 to 1945, more than 4 million people of 28 nationalities, including China, died in concentration camps, among which Jews accounted for the most, reaching 2.5 million. When the Soviet Red Army liberated the concentration camp, 7,000 kilograms of hair, nearly 1.4 million hair blankets, 350,000 pieces of women's clothing, 40,000 pairs of men's shoes and 5,000 pairs of women's shoes were piled here. 1947, the polish government declared it a national museum.
Five compatriots in Nazi concentration camps were killed.
In addition to the Auschwitz death camp, the Nazis also established several other "famous" "killing factories" during World War II. Five China people were killed in the Austrian concentration camp Mauthausen.
1. Saxony Hausen concentration camp, Germany
Located near Berlin, Germany, it held 220,000 prisoners, of whom more than 654,380,000 died of fatigue and illness.
2. Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany
Located near Weimar, Germany, about 1 10,000 people died of hunger and other reasons. 1In April, 945, the US military liberated about 20,000 survivors there.
3. The Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria
Founded in 1938, it imprisoned 200,000 people, of whom more than 654.38+10,000 people were shot, poisoned or tortured to death. On May 1945, American troops captured this death camp. After World War II, the concentration camp was converted into a memorial hall. Five of the victims in the concentration camp were from China.
4. Dachau concentration camp in Germany
1933 Hitler was founded in Dachau, a small town in southern Germany. 1933- 1945, about 200,000 people were imprisoned, of which at least 34,000 died. The current site of Dachau concentration camp still maintains the original appearance of that year.
5. Polish concentration camp in 5.Majdanek
After Auschwitz, it is the second largest Nazi concentration camp in Europe. 230,000 people died in this concentration camp that year. At present, a museum has been built in the former site.
6. Bergen Balzen concentration camp
This concentration camp is located in Germany, where Anne Frank, the owner of the famous Het Achterhuis, was once held.
"This is the saddest place on earth. People come here with all kinds of expectations and even deep remorse. " Olesky, deputy director of the Auschwitz Museum, said this.
Auschwitz was originally a quiet and beautiful town in southern Poland. During World War II, the Nazis established the largest concentration camp here and killed more than 4 million people. 1945 65438+1On October 27th, the Soviet Red Army was liberated here. Today, 60 years later, let's turn this extremely tragic page and pray that there will be no more war, hunger and poverty in the world.
Predation: human skin as a lampshade and fat as soap.
The ultimate fate of all Jews and other innocent civilians and prisoners of war imprisoned here was not only slaughtered, but also their belongings were looted, even the teeth, hair and even skin of the deceased were spared.
The Nazis made gloves and lampshades from the victims' skins, made mattresses from their hair, melted the gold embedded in the deceased's dentures and deposited it in the German National Bank. The clothes and shoes of the prisoners will be given to the German soldiers if they are good, and the next batch of prisoners will be given if they are poor. Other things are the same, even some prisoners' body fat is scraped off to make soap, the bodies are burned and used as fertilizer, and even their hair is used as adult hair blankets.
Fritz Bowman, an SS officer in Auschwitz, confessed in the post-war trial that the valuables looted from prisoners in Auschwitz were worth at least 654.38 billion marks. But in fact, the value of the looted victim's property far exceeds Bowman's estimate. The Nazis built 35 special warehouses in Auschwitz alone to store the stolen goods they robbed from prisoners.
Gas chamber: "You can't get out alive if you come in"
According to records, the Auschwitz concentration camp had a record of poisoning 6000 people every day. Rudolph Gass, who used to be the head of the concentration camp, confessed in the Nuremberg court that the poisonous gas he used was highly toxic hydrogen cyanide, and it took only 3 to 15 minutes to poison everyone in the room, killing 2,000 people each time. In Auschwitz, poison gas alone killed as many as 2 million people.
The most terrible places in Auschwitz concentration camp are hydrogen cyanide gas chambers and cremators, which are called "death factories". The tall chimneys above these buildings keep emitting smoke all day, which means that many people have been killed.
Captain Frish, a leader of the SS, said this to a group of new prisoners: "I warn you, you are not coming to a sanatorium, but to a German concentration camp. You have no other way out but to go out the chimney. "
Every day, one train after another enters Auschwitz concentration camp from Nazi-occupied European countries. There is still a way from the railway station platform to the gas chamber, which is always occupied by the ranks of prisoners, because people have to wait for the bodies in the gas chamber to be cleaned up. There are also trucks in the middle of the road, which specially carry those who are old, young and sick. In the trenches on both sides of the road stood many SS guards, aiming at the prisoners with machine guns.
An SS told the prisoners loudly that they were too dirty and had to go into the bathroom for disinfection before they could live in the concentration camp.
After undressing, the prisoners were taken to a corridor, which leads to the gas chamber. At this time, the SS showed its true colors, hitting people with sticks and driving dogs to bite people, forcing 2000 prisoners to a place with only 209 square meters. The ceiling of the gas chamber is also equipped with shower heads, but no water ever flows through it. There are four other special holes in the ceiling. As soon as the door was closed, the air in the room was also pumped out, and toxic hydrogen cyanide was put in through those four holes. It takes 25 minutes to poison a room at first, but it is reduced to 1944 in summer.
When the door opened again, the dead man was half-seated. The body is red, with red and green thoughts on it. Some people have foam on their mouths, and some people bleed through their nostrils. Many bodies held each other tightly with their eyes open. Most people piled up at the door, only a few people stayed under the air hole.
Woman: The Living Experiment of the Evil Nazi
Auschwitz concentration camp 10 building is a place where women are the subjects of experiments. There are often 150 women in it, and Nazi doctors and professors use them to do various medical experiments.
Grauberg, a German gynecologist, is the main person in charge of living experiments in concentration camps. He and one of his colleagues did this experiment in order to invent a new substance that cannot be penetrated by X-rays. He bought 150 women from the concentration camp to do this experiment.
These unfortunate women were put on a special operating table, and then a thick, cement-like thing was stuffed into their vaginas with a charged syringe. This cruel operation was controlled by X-rays, and then photos were taken. These unfortunate women rolled painfully on the operating table, covered in blood. Every woman has to undergo this operation three or six times in three or four weeks, and then she will get diseases such as metritis, oophoritis, peritonitis and salpingitis.
After major surgery, these women can no longer be used as experiments and sent directly to the gas chamber.
Blood and tears at your feet
Auschwitz, as the largest "killing factory" in human history 60 years ago, is still silently dripping with blood and tears today. Men, women, old people and children, no one can escape from the clutches, even those who survive, and they can't extricate themselves from painful nightmares all day long. The gallows, bathrooms and cremators that kill people with poison gas, as well as the cries of the victims and the relics in the warehouse, are still telling the tragic story of the concentration camp. We record it quietly so as not to disturb those who have been hurt. For victims, for survivors, for peace.