1947, Su Quan, an old clerk of Deyuquan, set up a joint venture with him in Tianjin and closed it for two years. /kloc-in the summer of 0/949, I returned to Guisui (now Hohhot) and often repaired organ and other folk instruments for the church and some musical instruments teams. 1952, he rented a two-story shop in Dashizi Street in the old city, founded the first musical instrument shop in Guisui-Harmony Literature and Art Industry Society, organized some workers to repair, prepare and distribute various musical instruments, and produced a small number of products such as Banhu and Hu Si. Service scope: Datong in the east and Baotou in the west. Since then, through 1954 public-private partnership and 1956 cooperation, he has been dealing with musical instruments, especially the development of Mongolian stringed instrument Ma Touqin.
1950, Inner Mongolia Art Troupe went to Beijing to participate in the performance of the first anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. 6543813, president Mao Zedong, Premier Zhou Enlai and other central leaders watched the performances of provincial-level literary and art groups in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai. Among them, Selassie, director of Inner Mongolia Folk Artists Association, played a piece of music "Zhu Selie" (adapted from folk songs, meaning that love is like the eternal peak of Zhu Selie). At that time, he was sitting on a table on the stage playing, and his voice was different from that of ordinary musical instruments. Mao Zedong then asked Ulanhu next to him: What instrument is this? The sound is nice, but the volume is a little low. Why are you sitting on the table playing? Ulanhu replied: This instrument is called Chaoer, also called Ma Touqin, and it is usually played in yurts or indoors. If you are performing on the stage, the people in front can hear it, but the people behind can't hear it. Mao Zedong said: Can you improve it and walk into the concert hall?
The entrustment of the leaders is also the hope for national music. Ulanhu then asked his secretary to visit the factory technicians who repaired and manufactured musical instruments in Beijing. After several trial productions, they are not ideal. 1952, it was suggested to find a way in Ma Touqin's hometown, so the Inner Mongolia Cultural Bureau set up a special research group to develop Ma Touqin, visited all the talented people in the world, and naturally found Zhang Chunhua.
At first, the skin of Chaoer speakers was traditionally made of sheep, horses, cows and pythons. The dry climate in the north generally does not affect pronunciation, but when the climate is wet, pronunciation is dull and out of tune. In the early 1950s, Selassie went to Guangzhou to perform. Although she prepared a hair dryer in advance and baked a drum skin backstage before going on stage, it still greatly affected her performance. Later, Zhang Chunhua tried all kinds of skins of cattle, horses, mules and wild animals, and changed various jobs. Although he achieved the first successful reform in China and unified the shape of bass, the improvement of Ma Touqin's voice was not obvious. In this way, in the future, when making the traditional Ma Touqin with mangpi and the small horse-headed piano, the materials began to change from leather to wood, and various kinds of wood such as Juglans mandshurica in Yang Liusong were tried and a number of processing technologies were adopted. Finally, maple instead of the fixed leather surface is used as the * * * sound box. Fish scale pine and phoenix tree are used as nets, the sound hole is changed from the side plate to the front of the net, the bow rod is changed from ordinary branches to wood with good elasticity and toughness, the piano shaft is changed into a mechanical shaft, the piano rod is changed from a straight rod to a bent rod, the piano bow is changed from a two-rope ponytail to a metal string and then to a nylon wire string, and the top of the piano rod is unified into a horsehead shape.
Appraised by experts from China Music Association, Beijing Music Association and musicians from Ma Touqin, it is basically fixed at 1962. 1983, ebony main body Ma Touqin and wooden tenor Ma Touqin were trial-produced, and the range changed from two 8 degrees to three 8 degrees. It can not only play the traditional repertoire of two-tone chords of erhu and violin, but also play the six, five, four and three-tone chords in the music. Its voice is soft, rich, bright and strong, and its sound quality is pure, clear and melodious, retaining the characteristics of traditional Ma Touqin. Can meet the performance needs of various occasions, and can perform solo, ensemble, accompaniment, ensemble, concerto and other performances with the symphony orchestra. The great success of Ma Touqin's reform brought Ma Touqin to the temple and the world.
Zhang Chunhua is a member of China Musical Instrument Society, director of China Musical Instrument Reform and Production Professional Committee, director of China Ma Touqin Association, special member of China Jingpai Musical Instrument Association, and the fifth member of Inner Mongolia Political Consultative Conference. He was awarded the title of "Master of Ma Touqin Research and Production" by Inner Mongolia Folk Writers Association.
In March 2009, Qi Baoligao, a disciple of Sang and a world-renowned performer, said emotionally in the program of Inner Mongolia Satellite TV: Zhang Chunhua is an old man of Han nationality. He devoted most of his life to developing Ma Touqin, which the Mongolian people love, and he has never changed his mind and has been making contributions to Ma Touqin's going global. When people play Ma Touqin, don't forget that there is such a master producer.