1. Split the project into components, standardize and package these components to improve their reusability.

The project consists of the following parts.

(1) process. That is, a series of steps set in a relatively fixed order to achieve a certain goal.

(2) activities. In other words, the work has provided satisfactory results.

(3) role. Each project activity is assigned to a specific role, which represents the tasks undertaken by individuals in the project and defines how they complete the work.

(4) the workpiece. Which is the work product of the process. Artifacts provide input and output of activities and provide communication mechanism between activities. Roles use artifacts to perform activities and generate artifacts in the process of performing activities.

It is sometimes very difficult to decompose a project into components, standardize and package it, because there will be things that we don't know and can't predict in advance. It is not easy to define these "familiar" jobs, which requires enterprise-wide knowledge management, creativity and perseverance.

It should be noted that components must reach a valid encapsulation level. The so-called encapsulation means that as long as the two inputs of a component are the same, the two outputs are also the same. Component, package and reuse are three key words to simplify project complexity, reduce project cost, ensure project quality and reliability and improve project progress.

2. Train project team members according to different roles.

Improving the substitutability of personnel will enable enterprises to take the initiative in the business environment with fierce talent competition and increasingly frequent talent flow. It is undeniable that every enterprise always has indispensable personnel, but these personnel must be controlled in a small proportion.

In fact, no one is completely irreplaceable. When we say that someone is weak in substitutability, what we really mean is that it takes longer time and higher cost to find a substitute. Therefore, we need to find ways to shorten the time and reduce the cost. This way is the professional division of labor.

Nowadays, many enterprises are promoting compound talents, but it is professionals who are really efficient and reasonable in pricing. The efficient completion of the project requires the effective integration of various professionals according to different roles, and requires people to do what they are best at and complete it most efficiently, and at the same time hand over the inefficient work they are not good at to more suitable people.

Many enterprises lack effective mechanisms to integrate human resources, but put the responsibility on people with comprehensive skills, resulting in weak substitutability and low work efficiency. Only by defining and subdividing the project roles can the project team members be effectively trained, so that they can quickly become competent for the project roles, and the phenomenon that the post setting is inconsistent with the actual work that is common in enterprises can be eliminated.

3. Establish a mechanism to enable project team members to work in a component-based way.

Compared with the first two steps, this step is the most difficult. To achieve this step, we need to change people's ideas and adjust the management system of enterprises. Efficiency and individuality are often difficult to coexist, and it is unrealistic to hope that it can not only improve the execution efficiency, but also satisfy the individuality and unique style of project team members in the project. Because the activities of the project are closely related, the flexibility of an activity will cause a chain reaction, which will eventually have a great impact on the project plan and make the plan exist in name only.

To realize component-based project management, we must first establish the concept of "working efficiently and living happily". After all, only a few people can get pleasure from working. If we expect everyone to work happily, the result is likely to confuse work with life, which will not only affect work, but also hinder life.