Internship report?

Time flies, more than half a year has passed since May 20 10, and the short internship period has passed quickly. During this half year's work and study, I have been able to combine theoretical knowledge with field equipment, give full play to the practical application of knowledge, and accomplish the tasks assigned by the leaders relatively independently from a college student who just left school and knows only theoretical knowledge. Such a great change is the result of the serious teaching and training of the department leaders and the care and help of the masters. Here, I need to say thank you to the department leaders and masters. You have completely integrated me into the family of Hanfeng Power Plant with standardized management, orderly operation, due diligence, happy work and close to home. ?

In May of 20 10, I came to Hanfeng Power Plant to report in advance. When I entered the factory by the power plant shuttle bus, I was deeply impressed by the green (green park-style factory) and blue (blue-collar Hanfeng full of vitality and innovative spirit) of Hanfeng Power Plant, which was much better than my impression of the power plant. Initially, I worked as an intern in the Human Resources Department. My main job was to carefully check the wrong data in the new personnel file system and correct the data with the consent of the application leader. In just one and a half months' internship, I experienced the red color of Hanfeng Power Plant (a company in Socialism with Chinese characteristics). In the follow-up training, I deeply understood the corporate purpose of Huaneng Group: to serve the "red" company in Socialism with Chinese characteristics; "Green" companies that pay attention to science and technology and protect the environment; A "blue" company that keeps pace with the times, learns and innovates, and faces the world. ?

On July 20 10, with the arrival of new colleagues, we started group training. In the first half of the month, everyone did not enter the work site, but received training, because the power plant itself is also a place with high requirements for safety knowledge and awareness, belonging to high-risk industries. How to ensure your own safety is the primary task of your work. The human resources department arranges personnel from all departments to explain the rules and regulations and safety regulations of Hanfeng Power Plant and learn first aid knowledge. The last task before entering the operation department is quality development training, which aims to make us change from a student to a professional at the fastest speed, mainly through a series of interesting activities to learn teamwork, which reflects our lack of team consciousness. Through this training, each of us realized how to integrate into the collective and give full play to the collective strength. ?

On August 20 10, we had the basic conditions to enter the market through the preliminary training, so we started a one-year field practice study in the operation department. After less than half a year's internship in the operation department, I have adapted to the work of the power plant, basically mastered the main points of the operation inspection post, and met the requirements. Now I will make a brief report on the internship during this period. ?

There are two units in our factory, each with a capacity of 660 MW. The steam turbine generator set in our factory is made by Siemens Company in Germany, and the boiler is made by Foster Wheeler Company in the United States. Among them, the steam turbine in our plant is a subcritical single-shaft four-cylinder four-exhaust pure condensing steam turbine, which is reheated once in the middle. Boiler forms include balanced ventilation, single furnace and? ∏ type furnace, solid slag discharge, single drum natural circulation, semi-open pulverized coal furnace. The generator capacity is 765MVA, and the cooling mode is water-hydrogen-hydrogen, that is, the stator coil is water-cooled and the stator core and rotor are hydrogen-cooled. these

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It is the basic form of machinery, electricity and furnace in our factory. Generally speaking, the units in our factory are imported from advanced countries with advanced technology and excellent equipment. It has been running for ten years without problems, and it is still very stable so far. ?

Since I entered the factory, I have worked as an intern in the operation department and have been exposed to a lot of knowledge and equipment. Have a certain understanding of the basic knowledge of computer, electricity and furnace. ?

(1) Steam turbines?

The steam turbine is the prime mover of the generator. Superheated steam (high temperature and high pressure) generated by boiler combustion and heating enters the static blades in the cylinder, and through the process of adiabatic diversion, it pushes the moving blades to do work and rotate with the nearby big shaft. This is the brief working principle of steam turbine. The structure of steam turbine itself is not complicated, which consists of cylinder, main shaft, moving blades, static blades, shaft seal and valves, but its auxiliary system is huge and complicated. ?

I began to learn the process of steam turbine from the principle of steam turbine, and then learned the auxiliary system of steam turbine and the parameters under the output of each unit (water level, pressure, temperature, oil level, etc.). ) and the protection of the unit, of which the most time-consuming is learning and checking the system. The steam turbine system includes condensate system, water supply system, circulating water system, lubricating oil system of large and small machines, control oil system, vacuum pumping system, closed cooling water system, auxiliary steam system and drainage system. ?

1. The condensate system is a system that condenses the exhaust steam of the steam turbine into saturated water under relative pressure (through the condenser), boosts the pressure through the condensate pump, and is heated step by step by low-pressure heaters at all levels and then hits the deaerator. ?

2. The water supply system supplies water to the boiler. Water supply comes from deaerator and passes through feed pump. After the pressure rises, it is further heated by high-pressure heaters A6 and A7, and then enters the economizer of the boiler tail flue (the economizer uses the flue gas residual temperature of the boiler tail flue to heat the feed water entering the furnace body). Our factory has three feed pumps, including two steam-driven feed pumps and one electric feed pump. ?

3. Circulating water is a kind of water with relatively poor quality in power plant water. Its main function is to cool the exhaust steam of condensing low pressure cylinder, maintain the vacuum of condenser, and also serve as cooling water for closed cooling water. The main power of the circulating water system is three circulating water pumps and an auxiliary cooling water pump, in which the auxiliary cooling water pump is used to assist in cooling closed cooling water at high temperature in summer. ?

4. The oil system is a very important system in the auxiliary system, and it is also an item that should be paid great attention to in the daily inspection of patrol. Oil leakage, oil leakage and even fire are all serious accidents. Lubricating oil provides lubricating oil between the bearing and tile of the turning machine, and also provides jacking oil needed for turning. The lubricating oil station of the main engine is divided into oil pumping area and oil return area, which are filtered by vacuum oil filter in stages, and the supplementary oil is taken from a clean oil tank of 0 m. There are two small oil stations, A and B, which not only provide lubricating oil for small engines, but also provide control oil for regulating valves and cold reheat valves of small engines. ?

5. The auxiliary steam system belongs to the public system in the factory, and the auxiliary steam headers of the two machines are connected, but the steam source is taken from their respective cold and reheat steam. ?

6. Closed cooling water system is an important system for cooling most of the power in the whole plant, including hydrogen cooler, primary water, lubricating oil and other non-power equipment and other water and oil systems. Closed cooling water is cooled in a closed exchanger, and the cooling water is circulating water. The closed cooling water system is supplied with water by two closed cooling pumps (one for operation and one for standby).

Make-up water comes from condensate and condensate make-up water. ?

7. The main type of vacuum pumping is completed by three vacuum pumps. The vacuum pump in our factory is a water ring vacuum pump, and the water used is usually its own condensate. The water-insoluble gas in the condenser is continuously pumped out by the vacuum pump, thus ensuring the vacuum degree of the condenser. ?

(2) Electrical aspects?

Since I entered the operation department, my undergraduate major is electrical engineering and automation, so electrical learning is easier to get started. First of all, I studied the general diagram of the electrical system of the whole factory. Because I have the foundation of electrical specialty, I can understand the meaning of electrical system. However, when I went to the scene to adjust the equipment, I found that I actually knew very little, and I mostly had a little knowledge of various electrical protection and equipment operation. So every time I check with my master (Yang Jie), I try to ask my own questions. Sometimes I often ask questions deeply, and I don't understand my most basic questions, but the master always discusses them with me, so this is also the greatest pleasure for us to go out for inspection every time. ?

The working principle of the generator is to apply direct current to the rotor by electromagnetic conversion and torque balance, so that a magnetic field is generated between the rotor core and the coil. The magnetic field rotates with the rotor, and the stator consisting of three-phase regions A, B and C arranged step by step with the electrical angle difference of 120 degrees is cut, and alternating current is generated in the stator. At the same time, the electromagnetic torque generated by the magnetic field is equal to and opposite to the steam pulse torque of the steam turbine, achieving torque balance. ?

The generator outlet is connected to the line through circuit breakers and switches to generate electricity to the power grid. At the same time, the generator outlet is also connected with an excitation transformer and two high-voltage factory transformers. The function of the excitation transformer is to reduce the motor outlet current to the required level, and then change the alternating current into DC through the rectifier, and the DC flows into the rotor to generate excitation. However, two high-voltage auxiliary transformers reduce the motor outlet voltage to 6 kV and distribute it to four high-voltage sections, which leads to a complex auxiliary power system. ?

The booster station (behind the main transformer) of unit 1 in our factory adopts double buses and has four outgoing lines. Each outgoing line is equipped with two sets of main protection, including two sets of optical fiber differential protection for Hanyu Line, one set of optical difference protection and one set of high frequency protection for Hanyuan Line, and two sets of high frequency protection for Hanlin Line and Second Line. The outgoing line of Unit 2 is directly connected to He Lin Station through switch and breaker. ?

The auxiliary motor system of our factory includes primary water system, sealing oil system and hydrogen station. The stator core and rotor of the generator are hydrogen-cooled, and the stator coil is water-cooled, that is, cooled with primary water. ?

(3) boiler?

The principle of boiler is easier to understand than turbine and electricity, but in daily operation, the operation of boiler is the most. With the change of load, the automation level of boiler can't keep up. Both air volume and coal quantity should be adjusted manually, and the most important thing is to keep the dynamic balance in the boiler. ?

The daily operation and combustion problems of boilers are the most frequently encountered in my internship. Personally, I think the system of the boiler itself is not complicated, mainly including steam-water system, pulverizing system, flue gas system, pulverizing system and so on. ?

1. The original function of the boiler is to heat the feed water into steam with a certain degree of superheat through combustion. Water supply quilt

After the feed water pump is pumped into the economizer, it starts the heating process in the furnace, where it is heated by the residual temperature of the flue gas in the tail flue, then enters the outlet header of the economizer, and is sent to the lower header of the boiler water wall through the external pipeline to start the furnace (the boiler furnace in our factory is covered by the water wall). The water wall is heated by flame and flue gas in the furnace, and the feed water becomes a steam-water mixture in the water wall, which rises along the pipeline until the water wall is connected to the header, and then the steam-water mixture enters the steam drum along the outer conduit. The steam in the upper part of the steam drum comes out through the steam-water separator and enters the horizontal flue area, and the water in the lower part flows into the header under the water wall through the downcomer (there is a pipeline on the downcomer, which returns to the economizer for recycling). In this way, using the density difference between steam and water, the water in the downcomer can press the steam-water mixture in the water wall upward, forming a natural circulation. ?

The steam comes out of the steam drum and enters the horizontal flue area in two ways, one along the ceiling superheater and the other along the side wall of the horizontal flue, and meets at the outlet header. When steam enters the tail flue, it is divided into two paths, one path enters the superheater on the tail flue side, and the other path enters the superheater on the partition wall of the tail flue (the partition wall divides the tail flue into superheater area and reheater area). The combined steam begins to enter the primary superheater, which is distributed on the front wall side of the tail flue and above the furnace. The outlet of the primary superheater belongs to the hot end and is located above the furnace. After coming out of the primary superheater, the steam enters the split superheater (the primary desuperheating water is arranged between the primary superheater and the platen superheater). ?

The steam discharged from the high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is cooled, and then enters the boiler for heating and utilization. The cold end of the reheater is arranged at the rear wall side of the tail flue and is also the inlet of the reheater. The hot end of the reheater is arranged at a higher position in the furnace, and the whole reheater accepts convective heat transfer (reverse), so the steam temperature of the reheater increases with the increase of load. Superheaters are mostly subjected to radiation or forward convection heat transfer, so the temperature of superheated steam decreases with the increase of load. The steam at the outlet of reheater directly enters the intermediate pressure cylinder of steam turbine to do work. ?

2. The pulverizing system is related to the stability of boiler combustion. The pulverizing system in our factory is a positive pressure direct-fired pulverizing system, and each unit is equipped with 6 coal mills and 24 coal feeders, as well as 2 primary fans and 2 blowers. Raw coal falls into the coal feeder from the coal bunker, and after weighing and measuring speed, it is quantitatively sent to the coal mill (our factory is a low-speed steel ball mill) to start grinding coal. The output of the primary fan can be controlled and adjusted by frequency converter. The outlet air of the fan (centrifugal) is divided into two streams, one is cold air; A stream of air enters the air preheater for heating, which is hot air. A certain amount of cold air and hot air (depending on the temperature) enter the mill barrel after mixing at the mill entrance, leave the pulverized coal separator after mixing with wind and powder (the fineness is not enough to continue grinding), and enter the burner at a certain speed. The secondary air (axial flow) sent by the blower is distributed in stages from the outlet of the secondary bellows located on the front and rear walls of the combustion layer in the furnace to support the combustion in the furnace. The secondary air volume has obvious influence on reheat temperature and furnace negative pressure. ?

3. There is a close relationship between the flue gas system and the pulverizing system, both of which mainly act on the boiler body and can affect the dynamic balance of the boiler. Two blowers send a large amount of combustion-supporting air into the furnace. The secondary air is preheated by the air preheater (the windproof temperature is too low, which causes the air preheater to corrode at low temperature and the auxiliary steam is heated) and heated by the air preheater (the air preheater in our factory has three chambers, and the three chambers pass through flue gas and primary and secondary air respectively), and then sent to the furnace for combustion-supporting. Two induced draft fans cool the flue gas generated by boiler combustion through the economizer and air preheater in the tail flue, then send it to the electric dust removal equipment for dust removal, and then discharge it from the chimney. The air-flue system and the pulverizing system respectively deliver pulverized coal and combustion-supporting air to the furnace, and the flue gas

Gas output, the furnace as an open system needs to maintain dynamic balance (mainly reflected by the negative pressure in the furnace). ?

The above content is a simple exposition of cognitive equipment and system from three aspects: machine, electricity and furnace. In the past six months, I have learned a lot of knowledge that I can't learn from books but often use in actual production. I have fully realized the difference between employees and students. After experiencing the transition from my school days to my working life, I began to face the bitterness and joy of life independently in the true sense. ?

In half a year, it is not enough to master the knowledge and technology of power plant operation completely. I also realize that there is still a long way to go and too much to learn. During the period before joining the company, I will continue to study hard and cherish the learning opportunities in the operation department. No matter what post I am assigned to in the future, I believe this knowledge will be a huge intangible wealth. ?

Finally, I sincerely thank Hanfeng Power Plant, the leaders in the factory and the Ministry, every master and colleague around me, and everyone for their concern and training. In particular, I would like to thank my former teacher, Mr. Qin, who took me into the learning auditorium of machinery, electricity and furnace, and my current teacher, Mr. Yang Jie, who really made me feel that what I have learned is far from enough.

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