1, Rural Commercial Bank: Rural Commercial Bank is the abbreviation of rural commercial bank, which is a joint-stock local financial institution composed of farmers, rural industrial and commercial households, enterprise legal persons and other economic organizations. Jiang Liming, director of the supervision department of cooperative financial institutions of China Banking Regulatory Commission, said that no new rural cooperative banks will be established, and all rural cooperative banks will be transformed into rural commercial banks.

Cancel the qualification shares in an all-round way and encourage qualified rural credit cooperatives to be restructured into rural commercial banks. On the premise of maintaining the overall stability of the legal person status of counties (cities), we will steadily promote the reform of provincial associations, and gradually build a new relationship between provincial associations and grass-roots legal entities with property rights as the link, equity as the link and supervision as the constraint, so as to truly form the same interests between provincial associations and grass-roots legal entities.

2. Rural credit cooperatives: refers to rural cooperative financial institutions established with the approval of the People's Bank of China, which are composed of members' shares, implement democratic management, and mainly provide financial services for members. Rural credit cooperatives are independent enterprise legal persons, which are responsible for the debts of rural credit cooperatives with all their assets and enjoy civil rights according to law.

Its property, legitimate rights and interests and business activities carried out according to law are protected by state laws. Its main task is to raise idle funds in rural areas and provide financial services for agriculture, farmers and rural economic development.

In accordance with national laws and financial policies, organize and standardize rural funds, support agricultural production and comprehensive rural development, support various forms of cooperative economy and family economy, and limit and crack down on usury. Rural credit cooperatives are divided into the following departments: Rural Credit Cooperatives, International Finance Department of Rural Credit Cooperatives, Zhengtong Rural Credit Cooperatives Training School, and Credit Department of Rural Credit Cooperatives. At present, it is under the dual leadership of China Banking Regulatory Commission and the State Council.

Extended data:

First, the characteristics of rural credit cooperatives:

1, farmers and other individuals in rural areas jointly form cooperative financial organizations whose main purpose is mutual assistance. Its business operation is managed and operated by the personnel designated by the members on the basis of democratic election and is responsible to the members. Its highest authority is the member congress, and the executive body responsible for managing specific affairs and business operations is the Council.

2. The main sources of funds are shares paid by cooperative members, retained provident fund and absorbed deposits; Loans are mainly used to solve the capital needs of its members. At first, it mainly issued short-term production and living loans and consumer loans. Later, with the economic development, it gradually broadened the channels of borrowing, which is no different from commercial bank loans.

3. Because the business object is a cooperative member, the business process is simple and flexible. The main tasks of rural credit cooperatives are to organize and regulate rural funds, support agricultural production and comprehensive rural development, support various forms of cooperative economy and member family economy, and limit and crack down on usury according to the provisions of national laws and financial policies.

Second, the institutional nature of rural credit cooperatives:

Rural credit cooperatives are banking financial institutions. The so-called banking financial institutions are also called deposit institutions and deposit currency banks. They are characterized by taking deposits as their main liabilities, granting loans as their main assets, and handling transfer and settlement as their main intermediary business, and directly participating in the creation process of deposit currency.

Rural credit cooperatives are also credit cooperative institutions. The so-called credit cooperative institutions are cooperative financial institutions whose main purpose is mutual assistance, referred to as "credit cooperatives", which carry out deposit and loan business among members for the purpose of mutual assistance and self-help. The establishment of credit cooperatives is directly related to the development of natural economy and small commodity economy.

Due to the seasonal, decentralized and small-scale characteristics of agricultural producers and small commodity producers, it is difficult for small producers and farmers to get the support of bank loans, but objectively, the development of production and circulation must solve the difficulty of insufficient funds, so this kind of mutual aid self-help credit organization established by means of capital contribution and deposit has emerged.

Rural credit cooperatives are cooperative financial organizations composed of farmers' shares, which are democratically managed by shareholders and mainly serve them. They are legal financial institutions approved by the People's Bank of China. Rural credit cooperatives are an important part of China's financial system. Their main task is to raise idle funds in rural areas and provide financial services for agriculture, farmers and rural economic development.

At the same time, organize and adjust rural funds, support agricultural production and comprehensive rural development, support various forms of cooperative economy and family economy, and limit and crack down on usury.

Three, the management of rural credit cooperatives:

1. Owner: As early as 1950s, the rural outlets of China People's Bank were changed into rural credit cooperatives. The purpose of rural credit cooperatives is "mutual assistance of farmers' funds", that is, farmers form credit cooperatives, and members contribute capital to form loans.

However, this credit cooperative has never been formed voluntarily by farmers, but by the government. In the initial credit cooperatives, most of the capital contribution came from the state, and farmers contributed only a small part. Although the system of credit cooperatives has changed many times in the past 50 years, the "government operation" is consistent.

Around 2004, the central bank and local governments spent a lot of money (the central bank took 654.38 billion+065 billion) to pay the deficit of credit cooperatives. Therefore, the property right of credit cooperatives is not vague, and its owner is the government.

2. Manager: The relationship between county cooperatives and individual credit cooperatives is equivalent to the relationship between the head office and branches. There is a county association in a county. At first, the county association was managed by the Agricultural Bank. 1996 and returned to the people's bank; After 1999, the People's Bank of China gradually established prefecture (city) associations and county associations returned to prefecture (city) associations.

After 2003, the People's Bank of China revoked the local (city) association and handed over the management right of rural credit cooperatives to the provincial government, which established the provincial association, which was in charge of the county association. So far, from the economic and legal point of view, each county association is equivalent to an independent bank (enterprise), the actual owner is the provincial government, and the county associations in the province form the provincial association, so the provincial association is actually the "son" of the county association.

Administratively, each county association is the administrative department in charge of credit cooperatives, and the provincial association is the highest administrative department, so the provincial association is the "Lao Zi" of the county association. Because of its high administrative status, the provincial association has become the actual manager of the county association economically.

Baidu encyclopedia-rural commercial bank

Baidu encyclopedia-rural credit cooperative