Shanghai Chen Yinan
Music therapists play an important role in music therapy in China. However, music therapy is a planned, emotional and honest relationship between well-trained and socially recognized therapists and visitors. In the role of this field, therapists can reduce the pain or various discomfort symptoms of visitors through communication methods such as music and music skill training, and achieve unexpected results through other consultation and treatment methods.
As I have been a professional piano teacher for many years, I have received formal education such as pedagogy, psychology and psychological counselor training in addition to the basic study of music major, and have mastered and accumulated some cases of clinical counseling training. The author thinks that music therapists should be musicians with certain medical knowledge, or psychological counselors with certain practical experience and basic music theory. Music therapist is the operator of music therapy, not only a good doctor of visitors, but also a good friend and teacher of visitors. The treatment level of music therapists is directly related to the mental health of visitors. If the music therapist can master a higher level of music therapy knowledge, properly select and apply treatment methods and techniques, and get the support and cooperation of visitors, the effect of music therapy will be ideal and the expected treatment goal can be achieved.
After years of music teaching practice and clinical psychological training, it shows that the requirements of music therapy for music therapists are very important in two aspects; One is the requirement of medical ethics, and the other is the requirement of professional accomplishment.
In terms of medical ethics, music therapists, like other medical workers or psychological counselors and therapists, should have socially recognized noble medical, educational and social ethics. They should not only have the lofty moral realm of selfless dedication and serving the physical and mental health of visitors wholeheartedly, but also fully implement the principle of "saving lives, preventing and treating diseases" in consultation and treatment. Today, when the medical model is changing to the medical psychological model, music therapists should establish a "medical visit" relationship of mutual respect and concern with visitors.
In terms of business, music therapists should master the knowledge of music therapy and apply it to practice. The knowledge about music therapy has both theoretical basis and practical experience. Music therapists should fully grasp this knowledge, not neglect one aspect, especially the basic theory of music therapy and psychology, and actively participate in various music therapy or music therapy training classes (such as the music therapist training class of Beijing Central Conservatory of Music). ), so that the practice of music therapy can be greatly developed.
The knowledge, ability and technical level of music therapists are directly related to the therapeutic effect and rehabilitation of visitors. As a music therapist, in addition to daily music therapy work, there are music therapy publicity, promotion, teaching and research work and voluntary consultation activities. At present, such talents are very scarce. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to train a large number of music therapists urgently needed by society and improve their professional level. With the backbone of professional music therapists, music therapy will achieve greater development.
As for the basic qualities that China music therapists should have at present, the author thinks that there are the following aspects;
The first is the foundation of music.
1. Basic music theory and Chinese and foreign music history. (Need to know famous classics and pop music works)
2. Basic skills of composition and adaptation. (For example, music works can be adapted into solo and ensemble forms suitable for group singing or simple instruments)
3. Experience in folk music and stage performances. Be able to play a national musical instrument and play works well.
4. Keyboard instruments. (Being able to fully play medium-level piano works and solo tracks of accordion or electronic organ)
5. Guitar and percussion. (able to play major folk songs and pop music or percussion works)
6. Vocal music and its singing. Can sing folk songs or pop songs with a beautiful voice.
7. Orchestral instruments. (Can play more than one melodic orchestral instrument and its world famous music fragments)
8. improvise. Can change the main theme or add flowers to harmony with keyboard instruments or guitars.
9. orders. (able to conduct chorus, chorus or simple instrument ensemble)
10. Dance movements and coordination. Be able to express simple ideas and coordinate training ability through your own movements or dances.
The second is the clinical basis.
1, understand mild mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, phobia, paranoia and schizophrenia,
Early assessment and diagnosis of affective psychosis, reactive psychosis and hysteria. And psychological counseling during rehabilitation. Music therapy can be used as an auxiliary therapy for mental patients' recuperation and psychotherapy.
2. Understand the characteristics and theoretical basis of neurosis: the psychology of neurasthenia, anxiety, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, hypochondria and depression.
Counseling and treatment, mastering the theory and practice of behavioral disorders, music therapy technology can cheer up patients in a depressed state, relieve patients in an unstable state, and make the human body enter a relaxed state. (The key point is to understand and master the causes, symptoms, evaluation and diagnosis of various behavioral disorders)
3. Understand the psychological counseling modes of personality disorder: paranoid, defective, schizophrenic, delusional, obsessive-compulsive, circulatory, hysterical,
Correction of antisocial, avoidant, dependent, passive aggressive and borderline personality disorder. Theory and practice of learning personality disorder. (Focus on understanding the theoretical and clinical symptoms of various abnormal psychology)
4, understand psychosomatic diseases: such as essential hypertension, coronary heart disease, asthma, peptic ulcer, diabetes, migraine, idiopathic deafness,
Psychological adjustment of psychosomatic diseases such as primary glaucoma and cancer. As an auxiliary therapy of functional training for the physically disabled, playing wind music can correct the deformity of lips and teeth.
5. Psychological consultation on chronic diseases and disabilities: psychological adjustment of various chronic diseases, psychological adjustment of patients and families, and role adaptation.
Psychological behavior training and correction of mental retardation, physical disability, sensory disability and intellectual disability. Sexual dysfunction: premature ejaculation, impotence, difficulty in ejaculation, lack of pleasure, inability to have sexual intercourse, orgasm disorder, homosexuality, sexual perversion, etc.
6. For children with serious psychosomatic disorders, through playing and listening, rhythm and vibration melody are used as auxiliary practice means for psychosomatic function training; By playing harmonica and singing, the purpose of vocal music therapy is achieved, which has a very good therapeutic effect. Practice has proved that emotional education for children and pupils is one of the main purposes of music education and music therapy.
7. Learn about prenatal and postnatal care, the content of music prenatal education, early childhood education and other developmental psychology consultations. Children's psychological counseling, children's early intellectual development, psychological and behavioral problems in children's development, children's emotional disorders and conduct disorders. Adolescent psychological counseling, adolescent physical and mental development, social maladjustment, sexual psychological confusion, male-female communication, puppy love, emotional disorder. About youth's talent education, career choice, spouse selection and interpersonal relationship adjustment, achievement motivation, conflict between self-realization and realistic conditions, contradiction between independence and dependence, love psychology, etc. Middle-aged psychological counseling, work-family load adjustment, interpersonal relationship, emotional disorder, children's education, family structure adjustment, extramarital love, sexual disharmony, menopausal syndrome. Psychological counseling for the elderly, re-adaptation of social roles, psychological adjustment of "empty nest" families, family relations, aging, widowhood, threats of disease and death, etc.
8. Understand social psychological counseling: such as interpersonal counseling, interpersonal communication barriers, interpersonal relationship handling problems, social role-playing, training, etc. Psychological consultation on marriage and love, psychology of mate selection, social conflict in love, unrequited love, lovelorn love, love triangle, role adjustment of husband and wife, extramarital love, divorce, remarriage, sexual adjustment, etc. Family psychological counseling, family members' role adaptation, children's education, domestic management, parent-child relationship, and harmony between husband and wife. Study and employment, school adaptation, learning difficulties, psychological problems to improve learning efficiency, test anxiety, psychological quality and career choice, ability, interest analysis, career orientation and other psychological counseling. Psychological counseling for bad behaviors, adjustment of bad ways of doing things, sleep disorders, alcoholism, gambling, drug abuse, over-medical treatment, anorexia, bulimia, etc. Sexual psychological counseling, sexual role training, sexual relationship adjustment, sex education, sex guidance, etc. Judicial criminal psychological consultation, criminal motivation, criminal psychology, criminal reform psychology, judicial psychiatric examination, victim psychology, witness psychology, etc.
9. Understand the relevant trends of psychologists and music therapy: understand the dynamics and process of the relationship between psychotherapists and visitors, and understand individuals and
Methods and skills of group music therapy, to understand the similarities and differences between music therapists' treatment skills and other skills.
10. Understand the relationship between psychological counseling and music therapy: You can gain insight into the inner world of visitors through observation, and play an active role in individual therapy and group music therapy, especially mastering the technical essentials to achieve the initial therapeutic purpose through psychological counseling and music therapy.
Finally, the basis and technology of music therapy.
1. Basis and principles: Understand the psychological and physiological characteristics of music behavior and experience, including music and emotion, the influence of music on behavior, the physiological function of music, the perception of music, the psychological dynamic characteristics of music behavior, music learning and development, and creativity.
2. Visitor evaluation: We can select, design and implement effective methods to evaluate the effect and existing problems of bamboo patients through music therapy, and make clear the treatment needs of visitors.
3. Treatment plan: be able to identify the basic needs of visitors in music therapy, and make music therapy plans for individual and group therapy according to the long-term and short-term goals adopted.
4. Implementation of treatment: it can create an environment conducive to treatment, and it can select, design and change music materials according to the requirements of the treatment plan. During the treatment, visitors can interact with music through improvisation, and visitors can experience music according to their own needs.
5. Treatment evaluation: able to identify the meaningful changes and patterns in the treatment response of visitors, and use the found materials as the basis for judging the next treatment arrangement.
6. End the treatment: be able to judge the appropriate time to end the treatment and prepare the visitors.
7. Exchange of treatment information: be able to communicate further information of visitors orally with visitors, parents or family members, and write professional reports accurately, concisely and appropriately.
8. Coordination with other therapeutic activities: Be able to determine the role of music therapy in the overall psychotherapy or other therapeutic plans of visitors, so as to coordinate music therapy with other therapeutic activities.
9. Management ability: able to manage consulting studio (ward) or music therapy room.
10. Ethical laws and regulations: abide by the laws and regulations of medical ethics, psychological counseling and music therapy industries.