Ancient people's educational concept of children (1) Confucius taught children to learn poetry and etiquette.
Confucius was a thinker and educator in China during the Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, he has 3000 students. The Analects of Confucius records a story: One day, his students asked Confucius' son. Did you hear anything different from others from the teacher? Kong Li said? No, once my father was standing alone in the yard, and I walked by quickly. Father asked me: Have you learned that poem? I said: No? Father said:? There is nothing to say if you don't study poetry. ? I'm going to learn poetry soon. Another time, I met my father there, and I walked by quickly. My father asked me: Have you ever learned "Li"? I said: No? Father said:? If you don't learn "courtesy", you can't stand. ? I intend to learn "Li" at once. I only heard these two things. ? Chen Kang came down and said happily, I asked a question, but I got three gains. I learned the truth of learning poetic rites, and I also learned that a gentleman treats his son the same as other people's children. ?
Indeed, both poetry and ceremony are important contents of Confucius' education of students. Confucius said:? Poetry expresses ambition, lyrics? People think that it is often much more effective to educate students with concrete images in the form of literature and art than to preach. According to legend, there are 305 articles in The Book of Songs edited by him, most of which are related to self-cultivation, know life and moral pursuit. Confucius believes that people's moral cultivation should start from here, which can improve people's observation. Besides, they can learn a lot about history, nature and society by reading poems. Confucius said:? Xing in Poetry, Li and Yue in Rites? . What he said is the code of conduct of social morality and etiquette. From the beginning of learning etiquette, we should educate students to establish their own virtues and gradually cultivate students' conscious moral subject consciousness from practice, which will become the basis for helping others in the future.
Confucius educated his son to study? Poetry? Study? A gift? The same is true of other students, but Kong Li didn't relax his requirements just because he was his own son, which shows that Confucius treated students equally and had high hopes for his son. Later scholars called Confucius the method of teaching children? Poetic biography? .
(B) Yan Zhitui and "Yan Family Instructions"
Yan Zhitui was a thinker and educator in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He came from a noble family and was deeply influenced by Confucian etiquette. He also believes in God, Buddhism and cause and effect. Yan's family precepts are a summary of his life's experience in establishing a person, dealing with the world and studying. It has been praised as the criterion of family education by later generations and has a great influence. There are twenty articles in the book, each of which covers a wide range, mainly emphasizing moral cultivation. Sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, ruling the country and leveling the world? It is a work with rich cultural connotation, which educates children with traditional Confucianism and promotes ethical principles and Buddhist karma. It is believed that educating future generations should establish lofty aspirations and ideals, practice the principles of benevolence, righteousness and morality like Yao Shun, stand up to any hardships and pay attention to the cultivation of integrity. He said:? People with lofty ideals can sharpen their skills and become vegetarians? .
Yan Zhitui believes that the main purpose of learning is to open the heart, improve morality and benefit the world. First of all, the motivation should be correct, and the learning content advocates reading the books of sages and practicing morality. In the aspect of learning methods, the idea of concentration, diligence, discussion and practicality is put forward. He attaches great importance to children's early education, the sooner the better, and don't lose opportunities. Several children in Yan Zhitui started studying at the age of three, reciting classics. When children ask: We know we have to study, but why do we have to study so early? Yan Zhitui told the children: The sooner you get in touch with the books of sages, the better. When you were young, you had a good memory, and the books you memorized were always unforgettable. ? Yan Zhitui also taught his children to study all their lives, to be diligent and to cherish time. Whenever there was a war and life was difficult, he urged them to study classics and history diligently and said? Be smart in reading and know how to do it at all times, especially at critical moments or when there are important things. ? His children have made great achievements in history, and they are all conscientious people.
(C) Emperor Taizong attached importance to godson
Emperor Taizong attached great importance to the education and cultivation of his children, and personally wrote "Twelve Rules of Fan" dedicated to Prince Li Zhi, including twelve rules that a monarch should abide by, such as starting a family, seeking talents, examiners, coachable, deposing hundreds of schools, prohibiting excess, advocating frugality, distinguishing rewards and punishments, farming, studying martial arts and advocating literature. He pointed out that these twelve articles are also the outline of the emperor. What about safety and waste? 、? Cultivate one's morality and govern the country, and prepare for it? Li Zhi was earnestly warned to follow the example of Yao, Shun, Yu, Shang Tang and other sages. If it's not weeds, it's far away. If it is kind, it is heartless. ,? Dedicate yourself to doing good? . "Emperor Fan" has also been regarded as a tutor bible by emperors of past dynasties. Emperor Taizong also wrote classics such as Commanding the King of Wu and Commanding the Royal Family? Virtue is the only thing that matters to a person? , pointing out the importance of Xiu De, doing more good deeds and supplementing morality can make happiness last; Teach children? Husband, Prince Di Zi, deny yourself first? Be self-disciplined and strict with yourself. How many years has he talked about himself? Never enjoy traveling outside, but enjoy the music inside? Put time on diligence; Teach children? Every time I wear clothes, I pity the silkworm girl; Eat one meal at a time and then read. Every time you wear a dress and eat a meal, don't forget the hard work of the silkworm female farmers and develop the habit of frugality and simplicity.
The teachers chosen by Emperor Taizong for his son are highly respected and knowledgeable people, such as Fang, Li Gang, Zhang and Li Baiyao. In the imperial edict, the etiquette of treating teachers is also specially stipulated. On the one hand, he teaches children to respect teachers and attach importance to teaching. Meeting a teacher is like meeting a father? Do you want it? Should be respected and can't slack off? . On the one hand, it supports teachers' strict discipline and encourages teachers to criticize the faults of princes and kings. Teachers can firmly perform their duties without the understanding, support and encouragement of Emperor Taizong.
Emperor Taizong attached great importance to simple moral education, so that his children could gradually cultivate good qualities in their daily lives. If once he sees Li Zhi resting under a crooked tree, teach him:? Although the tree is curved, it can be straightened with ink. Even if a monarch is not clever, he can accept other people's suggestions and become wise. ? Emperor Taizong also paid attention to education in combination with historical facts. He asked Wei Zhi to catalogue the records of the good and evil of governors since ancient times and give them to the philosophers, asking them to put the books? Put it on the right side of the seat as a basis for standing? Learn from previous examples of good people and bad people and get encouragement, so as to pay more attention to their moral cultivation, be a gentleman and care for the people.
(D) Fan Zhongyan's godson values virtue.
Fan Zhongyan was a thinker and educator in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is familiar with Confucian classics and deeply believes in Buddhism. As an official, he is involved in political affairs. He wrote it in Yueyang Tower? Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later? Famous sentences are household names. He is strict with his family and teaches his children well. Teach children to be a man, cultivate one's morality and do good deeds. Under his guidance, his four sons have been familiar with classics since childhood, making great achievements and being upright. Families in Jia Fan are thrifty and charitable.
On one occasion, Fan Zhongyan asked his second son Fan Chunren to go to Suzhou to transport wheat to Sichuan. When Fan Chunren came back, he met an acquaintance Shi and learned that he had no money to transport his family home because of the funeral of his relatives, so he stayed here. Fan Chunren gave Shi a shipment of wheat to help him return home. Fan Chunren returned home, unable to have a job with his father, and stood beside him for a long time, but didn't dare to mention it. Fan Zhongyan asked him: Did you meet any friends in Suzhou? Fan Chunren replied? When passing by Danyang, I met a stone. Because of the funeral of my relatives, I had no money to transport the coffin back to my hometown and was trapped there. ? Fan Zhongyan immediately said: Why don't you give him all the wheat on the boat? Fan Chunren replied? I already gave it to him. ? Hearing this, Fan Zhongyan was very satisfied with his son's practice and praised him for doing it right.
Although Fan Zhongyan is in a high position and has a rich salary, he did not leave his money to his children, but used it all to help those in need and pass on his kindness to future generations. His eldest son, Fan Chunyou, 16 years old, is his right-hand man, who guards Xixia with his father and has repeatedly made meritorious military service. The second son, Fan Chunren, was the later prime minister. During his 50 years as an official, he did his duty. Fan Chunli, the third son, is the official to Shangshu Youcheng; The fourth son, Fan, is a pure official assistant minister. He was taught by his father's words and deeds. They are all upright and upright, close to the people and love the people, known for their integrity and honesty, and their frugal style has never changed. Most of the salary earned by being an official is used to expand the Yizhuang poverty alleviation founded by his father Fan Zhongyan, and they live a very frugal life with their families.
Among the children educated by the ancients? Seven is not responsible? First, don't be responsible in public, have dignity.
Don't blame children in public, but give them dignity in front of everyone.
In recent years, let children kneel in the street? 、? Forcing your son to March naked? News of punishing children in public is endless. And then what? Not responsible to the public? This old adage warns parents not to reprimand their children in public or in front of acquaintances.
Second, sadness is irresponsible, and fear of injury is doubled.
Don't blame the child when he cries.
Many parents will be helpless, annoyed or even bored and angry when their children cry, but psychological research shows that crying is the only process for children to heal their emotional wounds. At this point, his attention is completely focused on his feelings, and he doesn't care about the things around him and the warnings.
Third, irresponsible diet can easily lead to spleen deficiency.
Don't blame the children when eating. Blaming the child at this time can easily lead to weakness of the child's spleen and stomach.
Parents should build the dining table into a paradise for exchanging feelings, so that children can recall the pleasant experience of the day and enjoy the fun of each other's company. If the child makes a mistake, parents have something to say. They can find time after meals and educate and guide them slowly.
Fourth, illness is irresponsible, and love is like good medicine.
Don't blame the child for his illness, and don't blame him for his illness. Sickness is the most vulnerable time of human body, and children need the care and warmth of their parents, which is more effective than any medicine.
Being sick is the most vulnerable time for children, and it needs the care and warmth of parents. If you scold him at this time, even if it is out of love, it will make him more sad and affect his recovery. Therefore, no matter how anxious they are when accompanying their children to see a doctor, parents should give their children the greatest tolerance and care, and should not blame them for trivial matters.
Fifth, shame and regret because of introspection.
If children are ashamed and regret their mistakes, adults should not blame them.
Some children have high IQ and EQ, and are very caring and sensible in communication. But after all, the mental development is not yet mature, and it is inevitable that the mind will do something wrong when it is hot. By this time, they are already very guilty and will take the initiative to apologize. However, if parents continue to criticize and reprimand, it will dampen children's self-esteem and give them an experience of being scolded if they don't apologize. Broken cans and broken falls? Psychology.
Sixth, the celebration is irresponsible and the meridians are damaged.
Don't blame the child when he is particularly happy. When people are happy, the meridians are in an unobstructed state. If the child is suddenly blamed, the meridians will be unable to hold back immediately, which is very harmful to the child's health.
Parents should treat their children's success or failure correctly and praise them when they get achievements. Even if the child makes a mistake at this time, as long as it is not principled, don't spoil everyone's fun. It's better to remind you gently, or pretend not to drag the child over and stop the wrong behavior.
Seventh, it is not responsible at dusk, which is not conducive to sleep.