An automobile or motor vehicle is a wheeled motor vehicle used to transport passengers, and it also has an engine or motor. Most definitions of this term stipulate that cars are designed to drive mainly on roads, have seats for one to eight people, typically have four wheels, and are constructed mainly for transporting people rather than goods. [1] However, the word automobile is far from accurate, because there are many types of vehicles performing similar tasks.
Although Nicholas Joseph Kugnot is generally believed to have built the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile by transforming the existing horse-drawn vehicle in about 1769, this statement is questioned by some people, who suspect that Kugnot's three-wheeled motorcycle has ever operated or stabilized. Others claimed that ferdinand verbiest, a member of the Jesuit order in China, built the first steam-powered car around 1672. It was a small car, a toy designed for Emperor China, and could not carry drivers or passengers, but it was probably the first working steam-powered car ("car"). Undoubtedly, Richard Trevithick built and exhibited his expanded Devil's road locomotive at 180 1. Many people think that this is the first demonstration of a steam-powered road vehicle, although it can't keep enough steam pressure for a long time, and it has almost no practical use.
In Russia, in the1780s, Ivan Kubin invented a tricycle with modern features, such as flywheel, brake, gear box and bearing. However, it has not been further developed.
Fran? In 1806, the Swiss inventor ois Isaac de Rivaz designed the first internal combustion engine, which was fueled by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, and was used to develop the world's first vehicle driven by this engine, although it was still very simple. This design was not very successful, and so were others, such as Samuel Brown, Samuel Morey and Etienne lenoir, and his Hippomobile. Each of them produced vehicles (usually modified carriages or trolleys) driven by clumsy internal combustion engines.
1 1 month, the French inventor Gustav Trov Mao demonstrated a three-wheeled car driven by electricity. This is in. Paris International Power Show.
Although several other German engineers (including gottlieb daimler, wilhelm maybach and Siegfried Marcus) were studying this problem almost at the same time, karl benz was recognized as the inventor of modern automobile.
On 1 1885, karl benz built a car powered by his own four-stroke gasoline engine in Mannheim, Germany, and obtained a patent with the support of his main company, Mercedes-Benz, in the following year 1 month. Cie。 , founded in 1883. This is a complete design, without other existing components, and includes several new technical elements to create a new concept. This is why it is worth so many patents. He started selling his production cars on 1888.
Karl Benz
The photo of the original Benz patent Motorwagen was originally built in 1885, and the concept patent was granted to1879. Benz obtained the patent for his first engine, which was designed in 1878. Many of his other inventions made it possible for internal combustion engines to provide power for vehicles.
His first motorcycle was built in 1885, and was patented on 1 29th, 2006. Benz began to promote this car on July 3rd 1886, and sold about 25 Benz cars between 1888 and 1893, when his first four-wheeled vehicle was launched together with a moderately priced model. They are also equipped with a four-stroke engine designed by himself. Emile Roger of France has been licensed to produce Mercedes-Benz engines, and now he has added Mercedes-Benz cars to his product line. Because France is more open to early cars, Roger initially produced and sold more cars in France than Mercedes-Benz sold in Germany.
1896, Mercedes-Benz designed and patented the first internal combustion engine, which was called boxermotor in Germany. In the last few years of the19th century, Mercedes-Benz was the largest automobile company in the world, producing 572 cars. Cie。 , became a joint-stock company.
Daimler and Maibakh established Daimler Automobile Company (DMG Daimler Automobile Company) in Kanstadt in 1890, and sold their first car in 1892 under the brand of Daimler, which was a carriage made by another manufacturer. They modified it with their own engine. By 1895, Daimler and Maibakh had built about 30 cars, either in Daimler's factory or in Herman Hotel, where they set up stores after falling out with their supporters. Mercedes-Benz, Maibakh and Daimler seem to have been unaware of each other's early work. They never cooperated, because when the two companies merged, Daimler and Maibakh were no longer part of DMG.
Daimler died in 1900. Later that year, Maibakh designed an engine named Daimler-Benz, which was placed in a specially customized model according to the specifications set by emil jellinek. This is the production of a small number of vehicles that Jelli nek competes and sells in his country. Two years later, at 1902, a new DMG car was born, and it was named Mercedes after a Maibakh engine that produced 35 horsepower. Soon after, Maibakh left DMG and started to run his own company. The rights of Daimler brand name were sold to other manufacturers.
Karl benz proposed that DMG cooperate with Mercedes-Benz; After World War I, the economic situation in Germany began to deteriorate, but the directors of DMG initially refused to consider this. A few years later, when these conditions deteriorated, the two companies resumed negotiations and signed a common interest agreement in 1924, valid until 2000. Both companies standardize design, production, procurement and sales, and jointly promote or market their car models while maintaining their own brands.
On June 28th, 1926, Mercedes-Benz & CIE. and DMG finally merged into Daimler-Benz, and all their cars were named Mercedes-Benz brand to commemorate the most important model of DMG automobile company. Maibakh design was later called 1902 Mercedes -35hp, and the name of Mercedes-Benz. Karl benz was a member of the board of directors of Daimler-Benz until the death of 1929, and sometimes his two sons also participated in the management of the company.
1890, Emile Levasser and armand peugeot of France began to produce cars equipped with Daimler engines, thus laying the foundation for the French automobile industry.
George selden of Rochester, New York, drew the design of the first American car equipped with gasoline internal combustion engine in 1877. He applied for a patent for the car in 1879, but the patent application expired because the car was never manufactured and proved to work (which is a requirement of the patent). After delaying 16 years and a series of annexes to his application, on1May 5, 1895, seldon obtained the US patent for two-stroke automobile engine (US patent 549, 160), which hindered rather than encouraged the development of American automobiles. His patent was challenged by Henry Ford and others, and was overturned at 19 1 1
In Britain, there have been several attempts to make steam cars, all of which have achieved varying degrees of success. Thomas Richter even tried to produce them in 1860. Santler, from malvin, was recognized by the senior automobile club in Britain as the first gasoline-powered car in Britain at 65 438+0894[ 1 1], and then Frederick William Lanchester made the first gasoline-powered car at 1895, but it was all one-off. The first production car in Britain came from Daiml er Automobile Company, which was founded by Harry J.Lawson in 1896 after purchasing the right to use the engine name. Lawson's company made the first cars in 1897, and they were named Daimler.
1892, Rudolf Diesel, a German engineer, obtained a patent for a "new rational combustion engine". 1897, he made the first diesel engine. Steam, electric and gasoline-powered vehicles have been competing for decades, and gasoline-powered internal combustion engines have gained a dominant position in the 19 10 era.
Although various piston-free rotor engine designs try to compete with traditional piston and crankshaft designs, only Mazda's Wankel engine has achieved very limited success.