The content of early education for 0-6 years old, children's personality and thoughts are greatly influenced by their families. In the process of baby's growth, children should be taught to overcome these difficulties and learn to tap their interests. Let me share the contents and methods of early education for 0-6 years old.
Contents of early education for 0-6 years old 1 Cultivate basic viability.
Survival ability includes eating, drinking, pulling, dispersing, sleeping, wearing, combing, wearing, cleaning, working and tidying, all of which are indispensable. In life, some children just lack this basic survival ability.
When I was working in the experimental primary school of Beijing Normal University, I encountered such a thing:
Someone asked: Why not teach children to drink water? Parents, didn't your children learn to drink water at the age of six? Later, I found through observation that children can't drink water because their parents or kindergartens didn't teach them well.
When does a person need to drink water and drink it when he is thirsty? Wrong. Drink when you are thirsty, eat when you are hungry, excrete when you are depressed, rest when you are tired, sleep when you are sleepy, lose weight when you are fat, and see a doctor when you are sick. In these seven states, your body is overdrawn and your cells are damaged. Therefore, parents must teach their children to replenish water in time.
Drinking water in kindergartens is generally collective. In the morning 10:20, the children sat in a row, and the teacher filled everyone's cup with water for everyone to drink. Drink water until 3: 20 pm.
If children are not taught to drink water actively in kindergarten classes, it is of course necessary for primary school teachers to organize drinking water, but primary school teachers will not organize it.
Take "wipe" as an example. "Wipe" means to wipe incense. In winter and spring, especially in the north, the skin must be coated with protective things, otherwise the wind will chapped. Therefore, children must be taught to protect themselves.
For children, the best skin care product is a bag of baby cream in 2 yuan. Parents don't have to buy dozens or hundreds of products to wipe their children. Children need oily things, but those powdery ones can't.
Some mothers also wipe their own things for girls, which leads to the phenomenon that children begin to develop before going to school. This is because the products used by mothers often contain placenta and hormones, and children should never touch them.
Develop good living habits
Once a habit is formed, it is difficult to change it.
A lot of psychological research tells us that a child's living habits in kindergarten will definitely be transferred to his study habits after school. In other words, if his living habits are in a mess in kindergarten, don't expect him to have good study habits in the future.
Habits accompany children all their lives, and good habits are inexhaustible wealth for children all their lives; Bad habits are debts that children can't pay off all their lives.
Tagore once said, sowing habits, harvesting life; Li Ka-shing said that sowing habits make a career. Be sure to help children develop good living habits before the age of 6.
Build self-esteem and self-confidence
American psychologist Erickson's research on social psychology tells us that there are a pair of contradictions in every different period of human life.
From 4 to 6 years old, when children go to kindergarten, this contradiction is the contradiction between initiative and guilt.
If the child develops well in all aspects, he will actively participate in activities; If he doesn't develop well, he will feel guilty, shrink back and take an evasive attitude towards everything.
How to stimulate children's initiative in this critical period?
The method is actually very simple, that is, during this period, parents and teachers should give more encouragement to their children.
Confident children have pride and self-esteem and don't need to whip themselves. If his parents don't care about something, he will take the initiative to do it. Such children will be self-reliant, and self-reliant children will be self-reliant in the future.
A confident child, standing there, different, holding his head high; Children who are not confident, bow their heads, droop their shoulders and stand tall are unwilling to look at people.
When a confident child speaks, he must jump out with words and speak simply; Children who have no self-confidence are neglectful and cowardly.
A confident child walks with a jump, as if there were springs under his feet; Children who are not confident walk listlessly, their heels always drag on the ground, and their heads hang like frost.
A confident child has a sunny, positive, optimistic, progressive, energetic, enterprising, high-spirited and positive attitude; A child with no self-confidence, apathy, gloom, sadness, negativity, withdrawal, depression and pain.
A confident child will encounter more setbacks and difficulties in his later life. He has a strong heart, a sense of happiness and a quality life. A child with no self-confidence has no power, no matter how much property his parents leave him. His heart is too weak and his life has no quality.
Learn to cooperate and live in harmony with others.
Nowadays, many parents are only children, two only children are together, and another only child is born. Without this experience transfer, children will lack a lot of things.
Learning how to get along with peers is a very important reason for sending children to kindergarten. In kindergarten, children gradually learn to live in groups and get along with others.
When our children went to kindergarten, they didn't even have toilet paper. Everyone uses handkerchiefs, but we let our children bring that kind of toilet paper to school every day.
We'll tell her it's worthless. When the child needs it, you can give it to him or help him use it, so we will be very happy. If any child has a runny nose or sweats, if any child cries or bleeds, just give him some paper to wipe.
Especially when a child cries, all you have to do is wipe his tears with paper, then hug him, pat him on the back and whisper in his ear, "I know you are very sad now." I can understand that. Don't cry with me. Let's find a way together, shall we? "
I taught this to my children. I have done this since I was a child. She joined the kindergarten halfway, but later, she can make many good friends.
In elementary school, she went directly to elementary school from the middle class of kindergarten. She also made good friends with the children and classmates in the old class in the same way. Therefore, there are some things we must teach our children.
When I work in primary school or middle school, I often meet some children with good academic performance and good physical education. However, the students who chose the "three good" have never been selected, and the class cadres are always a few votes short. Why? Because there is no popularity and popularity, I don't know how to get along with my peers.
Cultivate universal values
For the sake of children's lifelong sustainable development, we should help children cultivate universal values, that is, try our best to make children recognize what they agree with and make his values similar to those of others, so that he can be accepted by others.
Parents may not have noticed this problem. Some children are lonely, have no playmates and are marginalized by their peers. In many cases, their values are different from others.
Cultivate positive feelings of loving artistic beauty in life
Children know that the love of beauty is a realm. Mothers sometimes put a hairpin or headdress in their hair. They can't see these decorations, so why wear them? In order to create beauty and let others see it. It is a realm for women to please themselves and create a good-looking atmosphere for others.
From the point of view of mental health, a person knows how to spend some time for himself every day, which shows that he is not stingy or tolerant of himself. He knows the taste of life and has an emotional appeal, which was cultivated from an early age.
We often see that some people are good-looking, but they lack things and temperament, which can not be made up by buying various decorations to wear on them.
And some people are not good-looking, but have outstanding temperament, from whom we can feel the taste and quality of life.
In addition to guiding children to pursue visual beauty, they should also be encouraged to pursue auditory enjoyment and know how to appreciate beautiful melody and melodious rhythm.
Create beauty while experiencing beauty. From an early age, his future life will be tasteful and quality, and he will live with mood and artistic conception every day.
Although the child can't see the flowers on her head or the beautiful hairpin, she has a beautiful hairpin in her heart. From the perspective of mental health, such a child will never get depression, because she has a sense of happiness in her heart.
It is difficult to cultivate a person's aesthetics. As parents, we should work hard and actively help our children to cultivate.
Cultivate interest in sports
Let children learn simple health knowledge and teach them how to pay attention to their own health and strengthen physical exercise. A healthy body will benefit children for life.
Develop cognitive ability
Cognition includes stimulating children's curiosity and willingness to learn, enriching personal creativity and imagination, and cultivating the ability to find and solve problems.
Five areas to promote children's development are put forward in the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education: health, language, society, science and art. A kindergarten that truly conforms to national laws must carry out education and teaching activities along these five areas.
Early education should be based on a long-term perspective and avoid quick success and instant benefit.
As stated in the "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education", the combination of conservation and education promotes the development of children's sensory and motor abilities, and forms and develops language; Develop good living habits, cultivate learning interest and good learning quality, understand social rules and promote the healthy development of body and personality.
Parents must correct the purpose of early education, correctly guide their children's growth, return early education to a pure and all-round development standard, and lay the foundation for children's harmonious development, all-round development and lifelong sustainable development.
Contents of early education for 0-6 years old. When does early education start?
Pavlov, a behavioral psychologist, once said, "When a child begins early education on the third day after birth, two precious days disappear." Therefore, early education should be given to children from the first day of their birth. That is to say, the earlier the early education starts, the better it will be for children's development. However, it does not mean that children should read and speak on the first day of birth, but should choose the content that children are interested in according to their age characteristics and gradually develop their potential.
A large number of theories and practices have proved that the overall effect, long-term effect and potential effect of early childhood education will have a positive impact on children's life. Therefore, as parents, we should keep up with the requirements of the development of the times, update our educational concepts, attach importance to children's early education, and lay a solid foundation for their future study and life.
Second, how to carry out early education
Some parents want to give their children early education, but they don't know where to start. How to give children early education is the core of many parents' concern.
0-6 years old, commonly known as "preschool", this stage is also a crucial period for children's early education. Parents say that educating children must grasp the critical period of their development. Just like what crops are planted in what season, children's language, movements and brain development also have a specific critical period of development. If the critical period is missed, the development of children's various functions will be very difficult, and great efforts will be needed to make up for it.
1. The critical period of language development (0.5-3 years old)
Children around 0.5 years old have a language sensitive period, and he can understand some simple adults. (For example, when the child wakes up, the family is not around, the child cries, and when he hears the mother's response, the child's crying slowly subsides).
1.5-3 years old is a critical period for children's oral development, and children in this period can imitate adults to speak. The mouth can make the sound of "e-e-e-e-e-e", and only one word can be said from the very beginning (hug, eat, etc. ), to the overlapping words that can say two words (father, mother, dog, brother, etc. ), and then to simple sentences such as three words and four words. This period is the best time for children to learn to speak. Parents should talk to their children more often and consciously teach them to say simple words (for example, they can say the names of family members, know the names of organs in various parts of the child's body, say the names of common small animals, and express simple life needs).
2. The critical period of action development
10 months-3 years old is the sensitive period of children's movements. Children have a desire to walk since ten months, so parents should consciously let their children learn to stand and walk around 10 months to exercise leg strength and flexibility of leg muscles. Don't be afraid of children knocking at the door and falling down, and don't dare to let them go to school. It is necessary to take protective measures, prepare knee pads for children, and boldly help children take the first step in life.
2-year-old children have been walking steadily, and some children can even jump. During the period of 2-3 years old, parents should focus on training their children's flexibility in body movements. Let children exercise more, such as running, jumping, kicking, riding a balance car, scooter, etc. This can not only exercise the coordination ability of children's hands, eyes, legs and brain, but also balance the development of children's left and right brains and promote the development of children's balance ability.
3. The critical period of order development (1-4 years old)
1-4-year-old babies are always in the critical period of order, and children in this period need an orderly environment. Once his usual order is broken, he will cry, and his parents must be restored to the original order. For example, some things in the home are placed in a fixed position. Once someone moves, the child asks that they must be placed in the original position. Even if the practice of one thing is different from the original, the child will stubbornly ask to do it again according to the original appearance. Parents will think that their children are too stubborn. In fact, children are in a critical period of order. We should understand this behavior of children.
When the child has passed the critical period of order, he will establish a sense of order, rules and security in his heart. If you can master the independence of things and their interrelationships flexibly, you will not be as stubborn as before, but as flexible as an adult. Passing through the critical period of order smoothly will enable children to correct the chaotic order in the future without losing the principle of doing things.
Therefore, when parents understand the critical period of children's order, they can guide their children reasonably during this period. First of all, respect children's sense of order and don't easily destroy the order established by Haizi. Secondly, when the child's order is broken for some reason, parents can do it again according to the child's meaning and let the child find the broken order. Finally, when it is really impossible to restore the original order, resulting in children's emotional out of control, parents should also try their best to comfort their children and try to divert their attention.
Contents of early education for 0-6 years old 3 First, train the sensory organs.
Vision: The room where the newborn is located should be spacious and bright, and there should be bright objects everywhere.
Hearing: Don't avoid people's voices, but have music.
Smell: let the baby smell all kinds of smells.
Taste: Let the baby taste sweet and sour.
Touch: Always hold the baby and consciously touch the baby with different materials such as soft and hard, so that he can feel something.
Second, cultivate communication skills.
This is an important sign of baby's mental health, and it is also the beginning of baby's stepping into society.
Parents should consciously, purposefully and in a planned way let the baby contact with babies and adults of the same age and encourage him to behave naturally and politely in public; And create opportunities, such as encouraging the baby to address the guests correctly, pouring tea for the guests and showing the baby around. This not only cultivated the baby's language ability, improved his self-confidence, but also laid the foundation for his brilliant interpersonal communication.
Third, cultivate the ability to observe and ask questions.
Teach the baby to see the world. Cultivate your baby's observation ability from daily observation of food, clothing, housing, transportation, flowers, trees, bricks and stones, and be able to respond to your baby's problems immediately. For example, if the baby refers to the stars in the sky, parents should immediately tell him the concept of "star" and match things with concepts. When the baby is older and has more things to observe, it is necessary to guide him to think and ask questions to stimulate his strong desire to know the world.
Fourth, physical training.
Usually take your baby to exercise more, and families with conditions pay attention to this kind of training from the moment the baby is born, such as learning to swim in the newborn and learn to skate at the age of 1 half. According to the survey of children in China and the United States, children in China are obviously deficient in physical exercise and physical development.
Parents should improve the baby's physical training, so that the baby can develop a bold and brave character while having a strong body.
Five, training labor production
The sign from ape to man is: begin to use and make tools by hand. Individual growth of human beings also needs labor and production. But now the only child's practical ability is very poor, because the parents' doting deprives the baby of his practical ability. Therefore, parents should encourage their baby to cultivate the ability of self-service, give him the practical ability within his power, and let him experience the joy of creation while doing paperwork and playing with toys.
Sixth, cultivate oral English ability.
Language is a tool of thinking, which Pavlov called "the unique second signal system of human beings". In early education, it is necessary to increase the amount of language information and input enough language information into the baby's brain; Use standard language, such as spending 20 minutes reading beautiful articles to your baby every day. In addition, if you want to learn a foreign language, let your baby contact it as soon as possible.
Seven, learning music and dance
This is the category of aesthetic education. Parents and babies enjoy beautiful music, sing children's songs and beat time together, so that babies can feel the beauty in music and improve their aesthetic ability. Moreover, parents will find that the concert will make the baby's expression, movements and appearance reveal elegant temperament. Then, from the aspect of aesthetic education, let the baby touch it.
Eight, learn painting modeling
This is also the category of aesthetic education, which plays a great role in stimulating the development of baby's right brain, enhancing imagination, thinking in images and improving aesthetics. Parents can take their babies to visit photography exhibitions and sculpture exhibitions and comment on various handicrafts, paintings and artistic photos. The decoration at home should also be beautiful. The spiritual life of ordinary people can't be forced, so what parents have to do is to infect and edify their baby and let him learn and pursue consciously.
Nine, give the baby a good view of toys
There are many kinds of toys. If you buy it, parents should not leave it directly to their baby after buying it, and don't think that toys are killing time. Parents should play with their babies. If you don't buy it, you can also find many toys that are not toys, such as magnets, alarm clocks, tape measures and so on. The best toys are toys made by parents and babies together, such as kites, windmills and lanterns. The baby will be more interested.
Parents should consider the baby's age when buying toys.
0~ 1 year: inductive touch toy. Bright colors, beautiful sound quality, easy to grasp and throw, but not too small to avoid swallowing.
1~2 years old: drag toys and toys that can train fine hand movements.
2~3 years old: toys that can stimulate imagination. Such as small tableware, building blocks and detachable toys.
3~4 years old: intellectual toys. Such as puzzles and abacus.
Ten, participate in parenting education.
Participating in parent-child activities in the community can exercise the sense of friendship, cooperation and competition in collective life and form good social exchanges.
XI. Love and blend in with nature
Nature is the source of spiritual nutrition for infants and children, and it is a large classroom integrating intellectual education, aesthetic education and physical education. Here, babies can learn to plant flowers and plants, distinguish grains, observe the weather and feel the work.
Twelve, understand the society
Take your baby to factories, rural areas, museums, places of interest, etc. Accept humanities education and expand knowledge. A well-informed baby is smarter.
Thirteen, read ahead of time
Parents can combine things related to their baby's life for literacy teaching; Integrating literacy into games; Make all kinds of special literacy cards. Read picture books and tell stories with your baby.
Fourteen, establish the concepts of space, time and number, and cultivate superb mathematical logic intelligence.
Fifteen, other all-round activities
Parents can carry out colorful, active and healthy activities, such as collecting stamps, taking photos, fishing, planting flowers and raising fish and shrimp. , depending on the conditions and people. These activities are not only learning, but also an important way to close the parent-child relationship.