In the early stage of Peking Opera, a generation of old artists, represented by Mei Qiaoling, opened a chapter in the art of Peking Opera. The Mei School art initiated by Mei Qiaoling has made outstanding contributions to the perfection and development of Peking Opera performance art, and has also become an important founder of Mei School. Mei Zhufen, the son of Mei Qiaoling, the second generation successor of Mei School, inherited Mei Qiaoling's singing style well, and he made great contributions to the inheritance of Mei School art.

2. The establishment of Mei School.

In the 1920s and 1930s, Mei Lanfang, the grandson of Mei Qiaoling, inherited and developed the Mei School art. At that time, there were four famous artists in the history of Peking Opera, namely "Sung Hoon", which made the development of Peking Opera reach its peak and was an important symbol of Peking Opera's prosperity.

Mei Lanfang founded the Dan School from the Mei School, and the best performance of Mei Lanfang in Peking Opera is Dan, so Mei Lanfang is the first person to establish an art institution in China.

In Beijing opera, women are collectively called "Dan", which can be subdivided into many occupations according to the age and personality of the role. The woman who plays a well-off family and has status is called "Zheng Dan", and Zheng Dan is commonly known as "Tsing Yi" in Peking Opera, which is named after Zheng Dan's character often wears a blue robe. Dou E, the heroine in the Peking Opera Dou E Yuan, is a typical Tsing Yi character. Tsing Yi's performance is solemn and demure, beautiful, elegant and gentle, and mainly focuses on singing. Generally speaking, Tsing Yi's singing is beautiful and delicate.

Through continuous efforts, Mei Lanfang finally merged the fine arts of Beijing Opera, and merged the industries of Tsing Yi, Hua Dan and Beijing Opera Blues into one furnace, creating a unique performance form and singing style, which is known as the "Mei School" internationally and has a great influence.

3. Innovation of Mei School

Mei Lanfang's innovative Peking Opera Mei School art is not only the pinnacle of Chinese Peking Opera and even the whole China opera art, but also one of the three major performance systems in the world. The development of Mei school art naturally benefits from the opportunities of the times. At that time, elites gathered in Beijing, theaters and teahouses, and Mei Lanfang's "Mei Party" gathered in Yu Xuan also showed their magical powers, which made great contributions to Mei Lanfang's Mei School art at that time.

4. Integration of art and drama

China's plays can be said to be active ink paintings in terms of costumes, props, makeup and performances. Mei Lanfang knows to learn from paintings to help the drama. So he studied painting and asked some famous painters, including Qi Baishi, who loved Mei Lanfang's plays very much.

Qi Baishi is Mei Lanfang's teacher and friend. Mei Lanfang integrated art, life and interest, which allowed China traditional calligraphy and painting to enter drama, expanded the art field, broke the original art barrier, opened up a new way, and spread this new thing abroad.

Extended data:

Inspirational story

Mei Lanfang was born in a family of Peking Opera. His grandfather Mei Qiaoling was a famous actor in early Peking Opera. Father Mei Zhufen is also a Peking Opera actor.

Uncle Mei Yutian is a famous violinist and flute player, accompanying Beijing Opera and Kunqu Opera and playing a lot. Influenced by her elders, Mei Lanfang likes watching plays and plays since she was a child.

I began to study drama at the age of eight, and I also studied the role of Dan. Boys should imitate women in singing, reading and doing things, and sing and speak in falsetto. This requires hard practice. At first, his natural conditions were not good. Sometimes the teacher has been teaching a play for a long time and has not learned it yet. Once, a teacher saw him learning slowly and said angrily, "No, this bowl of rice was not given to you by my grandfather!" " "

Mei Lanfang blushed. He made up his mind that he must learn how to look at it, so he pondered and studied again and again. A song is usually sung six or seven times, but he has to sing twenty or thirty times. Gradually, he developed a wide, bright, round and sweet voice, which made people particularly fond of listening. After becoming famous, he once again met the teacher who first taught him. The teacher said shyly, "I was really ignorant at that time!" " "

"Don't say that." Mei Lanfang said, "I have benefited too much from you. If I hadn't been scolded by you, I wouldn't know how to make progress! " "

When Mei Lanfang was a child, her eyes were a little nearsighted, her eyelids drooped and her eyes lacked air. And Danny's eyes on the stage are particularly important. What shall we do? Later he raised some pigeons. Whenever the pigeon flies, he turns his eyes and sees farther and farther as the pigeon flies. In this way, over time, his eyes and problems disappeared, and he became particularly radiant. He still shines on the stage until he is old.

Some people always think that Mei Lanfang's artistic achievement is good natural conditions, but in fact it should be mainly attributed to his hard study and hard study.

Mei Lanfang started acting at the age of ten. At the age of fourteen, he formally performed with Xi Liancheng Troupe.

"Xi Liancheng" was later renamed as "Fu Liancheng", which is the most famous Peking Opera class in China and has trained many famous Peking Opera actors, such as Hou, Ma and Tan. Mei Lanfang acted with this troupe and learned a lot of plays, which enriched her performance experience.

At the beginning of acting, Mei Lanfang mainly sang industrial dramas, that is, she sang mainly on the stage, such as Erjin Palace, Third Mother's godson, Sacrifice to the River, Yutangchun and so on. These plays can be popular as long as their voices are good and their pronunciation is clear. But later, with the demise of the Qing Dynasty and the progress of society, the people's requirements for Peking Opera were also high. They are no longer satisfied with just listening to singing, but demand to watch those dramas with content and performance.

Mei Lanfang thought to herself, "It seems that the Tsing Yi opera, which only plays two-person turn, can't meet the requirements. I want to relax my tricks. "

Therefore, he learned a lot about figure, expression and martial arts from his teacher, such as woodcut Zhai, Fan Jiangguan and Rainbow Guan, which are very popular. Mei Lanfang often watches the performances of her peers, learning from others' strengths and using them for her own use. Kunqu Opera is an ancient and elegant opera with rich performance skills. Mei Lanfang studied Kunqu Opera with her predecessors and staged such famous dramas as Thinking of Fan, Spring Fragrance and Dream in the Garden. In this way, his acting skills have been greatly improved.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Mei Lanfang