First of all, the speech
Part I: American Montessori teaching method series (2)-developing children's life potential by absorbing mind and sensitive period.
Lecturer-Wu Xiaohui, the first American Montessori to educate China people.
Like Columbus, Montessori discovered the new continent. Columbus discovered the external new continent, while Montessori discovered the internal new continent in children's minds.
What made her famous was the discovery, not her method.
Montessori education is a holistic education, which aims to cultivate children's concentration, hand-eye coordination, sense of order and independence, and lay a solid foundation for their future development.
I. Montessori education
Maria montessori is one of the most influential pioneers in the history of preschool education. Montessori education is one of the most advanced, scientific and perfect education systems in the world.
Through careful observation and full study of children, Montessori found that human intelligence is not qualitative at birth, but constantly improved and perfected through sensory experience in a free social environment. Children aged 0-6 have an absorbing mind. Learning is a natural and pleasant process for children in this period, and adults don't need to exert themselves.
1. What is Montessori education?
According to the natural law of children's development discovered by maria montessori in the process of working with children, the established educational ideas and methods, including the teaching AIDS she developed and designed for children, are what we usually call Montessori education!
2. The scientific nature of Montessori education.
Some people suspect that Montessori is from the last century after all. Is her idea still scientific and outdated?
Montessori's educational thought was based on her full study of biology at that time, especially embryology, anthropology, psychology and philosophy of life, and inherited the educational thoughts of Rousseau, a French enlightenment thinker, Pestalozzi, a Swiss educator, and Sé gen and Ita, a French psychologist. The foundation is very solid.
It is also very important that Montessori's educational philosophy does not originate from the laboratory. It is by observing and studying children's spontaneous behavior in the process of work and communication with children that her educational concept is scientific and will not be outdated.
Second, the child's secret
Children have innate life potential and the ability to develop on the premise of love and freedom. (Not invented by Montessori)
They have the ability of self-construction and self-development This was first put forward by Montessori.
Third, the innate potential of life.
Although the child can't talk and walk at birth, we are sure that he will acquire these skills. Like a plant, he needs a suitable growing environment (an environment full of love and freedom).
We should remind ourselves that children have innate potential in life, so don't be too anxious and don't encourage others! Give your child freedom and grow naturally according to his rules and timetable. We just need to have a good time with our children, play games with them at his age and read to him at his age.
Usually some natural and simple actions, such as cuddling, patting the child, looking at the child, talking, smiling, etc., will stimulate the development of the child's brain. For most children, a heart-to-heart natural conversation with children is the best way to stimulate the brain.
Love and freedom
This kind of love, in addition to parents' instinctive love for their children, also includes respect, acceptance and non-requirement, which will not change because of the child's physical condition, health or disease, beauty and ugliness, cleverness or not, and good or bad grades.
This freedom refers to letting children develop and build themselves according to their own life rules and schedules. Montessori's freedom refers to freedom within certain limits. In other words, give the child freedom, do the right thing, do the right thing, and do things suitable for his development. Freedom comes with rules. If children's behavior hurts themselves, destroys the environment, or hurts others, this behavior should be stopped.
Four. An attractive mind
Children know the world and develop their own internal helpers: absorbing the mind and sensitive period.
Children aged 0-6 have an absorbing mind, and their learning style is like a sponge absorbing water, which can absorb a lot of information from the surrounding environment effortlessly. The information seen and heard by the outside world does not enter his mind, but is formed in his mind. He is full of curiosity and love for the people and things around him, eagerly observing the surrounding environment and spontaneously exploring the things around him.
Absorbing the mind is divided into two stages: unconscious absorption at 0-3 years old and conscious absorption at 3-6 years old.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) induction period
Sensitive period was first put forward by the famous Dutch biologist De Frey, which refers to the special feeling that a creature gets when it is just born and still growing. This sensibility is a temporary tendency, limited to acquiring a specific trait. Once this trait is acquired, this special sensibility will disappear.
Under the guidance of their unique internal potential, they are particularly sensitive to certain things and behaviors, show high interest, and spontaneously do some specific actions, and concentrate on doing them repeatedly until their psychology is completely satisfied. Once this trait is acquired, once the goal is achieved, this special feeling will disappear and be replaced by another sensitive period.
The relationship between absorption psychology and sensitive period;
For example, taking a photo with a friend, at first you will see where the photo was taken, and then you will notice, er, maybe you didn't do your hair that day, or you didn't draw your eyebrows well. Heart absorption, like this photo, is a whole, and the sensitive period is every detail in this photo.
Six sensitive periods:
The sensitive period of order, action or movement, trivial matters, sensory perception, language and society.
How to judge whether a child has reached a sensitive period? One of the characteristics is that children will concentrate on the same meaningless action over and over again and enjoy the process. These repeated experiences play a very important role in strengthening the connection between children's brains and directly affect their development.
Motion sensitive period:
0-3 years old is the key period of sports development, which is mainly manifested in big muscles, turning over, sitting, climbing, standing and walking within one year old. 3-6 years old are mainly small muscles and fine movements. We can promote their development through many activities and teaching AIDS.
Sensitive period of sense of order:
During the period of 0-3 years old, about 2 years old is the most obvious. In this period, children's favorite things have a fixed position, fixed time, order and agreement. An orderly environment brings natural happiness to children. In the sensitive period of order, it is most important for children to know a thing through order and a basic point, and then understand the relationship between this thing and the surrounding things, so as to be familiar with the world and adapt to the environment. Such an environment can make the child feel comfortable, otherwise he will fidget, cry, lose his temper and so on.
Sensitive period should not be abused, such as children swearing, swearing, hitting people, losing their temper, throwing things, etc. This is not a sensitive period, but a disciplinary issue. Deviating and wrong behaviors should be stopped and corrected, and there are freedom and restrictions.
Small things in sensitive period:
For example, I like watching small ants, and I will be attracted by the small details in the picture when I read a book.
Sensory sensitive period:
Children aged 0-6 know the world with the help of senses, including the color, shape, size, weight, taste and other characteristics of objects.
Language sensitive period:
Children in the language sensitive period can learn a language automatically and spontaneously as long as they are in a rich language environment. By the age of six, he could speak his mother tongue fluently. Not only that, he can also absorb and accept the local traditional culture, which constitutes him.
Sixth, the loopholes in the growth process.
Parents don't know that children will grow up in the sensitive period, but if we miss the sensitive period, we will lose a special way and an opportunity to become perfect.
If a child misses several sensitive periods in the process of growing up, he will still grow up. However, many of us adults are painfully aware that we have missed many places in the development of psychological, physical and social relations, which makes us clumsy, unable to appreciate music, have no sense of color, have no knowledge of art, and have a big head when it comes to numbers, and do not appreciate art. Some people are not good at communication, rely on others and are indecisive. These are our actions.
Summary:
Parents should enjoy life with their children, explore the mysteries of life, and wait for their children's growth and transformation with the heart of waiting for the spring breeze to melt the rain!
Part II: Healthy Brain Nutrition Food-Appropriate Stimulation.
How wonderful life is! Talk about children's innate life potential. Think about it, the seed of life, nine months after pregnancy, turned out to be a person, born in this world, which itself is a very wonderful thing.
Therefore, when we think about education from the perspective of helping life, we will feel awe, and we will know what respect for life is. Life has laws of life, and what we can do in these aspects is very limited. Children should follow their own life rules to grow up.
The most important things are free, such as air. Children's growth, teaching methods, the most important things, the most basic and core things are also free. After 0 to 1 of children are born, healthy and nutritious brain food should be prepared for them. Healthy brain nutrition food includes appropriate stimulation.
1. Visual stimulation
He needs visual stimulation. What is the best visual stimulus? It's mom, mom's face. What children like best is their mother's face. What did children watch the most in the past few months? It's also mom's face. The attachment relationship between children and their mothers is very important, so this important relationship also depends on the interaction with their mothers, including meeting their mothers.
Looking at him, he saw his mother's face and her smiling face, which was both a sensory stimulus and a visual stimulus. Then his mother told him, "The baby is awake". This kind of dialogue is children's favorite. This kind of dialogue is also inherent in every mother.
2. Auditory stimulation
Experiments show that children's favorite voice is their mother's voice, which is interactive. Mom looks at him, smiles at him while talking to him, and then waits for him to respond to you. This is the best language stimulation, the best auditory stimulation and the best sensory stimulation. We talk to children, sing songs and read to them, which are all good sensory stimuli for hearing.
3. Tactile stimulation
Touch, attachment relationship between mother and child, normal attachment relationship, there are many tactile contacts. Holding a child and touching it are all tactile and physical contact. Holding him in your arms within four hours after birth, that kind of physical contact is not only an important period to establish the attachment relationship between mother and child, but also a sense of touch.
Nutrition based on scientific discovery
1, visual black and white
For example, visual black and white (children's visual art has eight books, and the first observation article in the first set is visual black and white). This kind of visual black and white, such as arrow target, such as face (of course, face is the favorite), chessboard, vertical bar, are all for children of what age? It is helpful to give children such visual tracking training from birth.
2. Visual color map
3. The essence of human art-famous paintings and songs, including picture books.
It's really not easy to choose a famous painting! Therefore, when we read picture books and famous paintings to our children, you should not give them too complicated. Don't give him anything beyond his age or beyond your understanding. If you don't understand something, don't show it to your children. When it is actually shown to children, it is very simple at first, that is, the visual stimulation of seeing a beautiful thing, a beautiful thing and a harmonious color.
The same flower, if you show it to him with high quality, will cultivate him and exert a subtle influence. When the child is in the process of subconscious absorption or spiritual absorption, or when we say that he has a visual sensitive period or a sensory sensitive period, we should prepare high-quality things for him.
3. Famous songs
Listen, besides mother's voice, there are natural interactions and famous songs. So we also mentioned that children can listen to some soothing music during pregnancy. But the soothing music we listened to during pregnancy must be mom's favorite. Why? A very important factor affecting hormones is the mood of pregnant women. If you listen to music that you feel, relax and feel, this kind of music is the best music. This music is good for you and your baby. Soothing music, favorite music and positive music are all very good choices, such as Mozart or some famous songs.
The principles of all nutrition:
But we must remember that when playing these music to children, including when you show him famous paintings and songs, don't think about instilling anything. Look at these famous paintings and listen to famous songs. It won't be long. It only takes a few minutes to listen to this famous song. Don't play background music for a long time, and eventually the child will turn a deaf ear. Therefore, no matter how good things are, you can't over-stimulate your child, including your conversation with your child.
When you talk to your child, at first he is full of enthusiasm and keeps talking. Later, the child stopped talking, probably turning his head to one side to prove that he was not interested. Enough is enough until it is appropriate. If you stimulate him too much, it will be bad for the child.
It is very important to provide children with adequate brain food.
4. Picture book
Then we are talking about picture books of famous paintings and songs. Speaking of picture books, PictureStory pays great attention to pictures, especially the winning pictures. Winning the prize is not because of words, but because of pictures. These excellent picture books are exquisite pictures themselves, which are a good visual enjoyment, and are accompanied by a beautiful sentence. Therefore, it is very important to choose what kind of picture books are suitable for children's age and age. You don't give children too much complexity, which means we follow them.
The most important thing about picture books is that our parents and children read them, and relatives are the most important. It is very important and pleasant to establish the relationship between parents and children by reading picture books. Of course, the content should also be very suitable for children, with beautiful pictures and simple sentences, so children also like to listen. The content itself is good, plus the close relationship with parents, mothers, fathers, or grandparents and the good time spent together, this reading is the most important.
In this reading process, it doesn't matter what children remember and how many words they learn. Most importantly, through this intimate relationship, children will have a very good impression whenever they think of reading-reading is a really fun thing, and reading is a very beautiful thing, which is even more important.
abstract
In fact, the important things in life are very simple and don't need anxiety. As teachers and parents, we know the law of such a child's development, and then we will be observers, helpers and helpers. I hope that every parent and every teacher can enjoy this process and truly understand the mystery of life in the process of interacting with their children.
In addition, it is a wonderful thing to come to this world when the brain is not fully developed, and it is also a precious opportunity for us as teachers and parents.
Another wonderful thing is that he has prepared the most needed part of his life and the part he lives on. It doesn't matter if you can't walk or talk. After I was born, it didn't affect my survival. After a child is born, through the external environment, with the help of teachers and parents, he can fully develop and give full play to his potential.
From this perspective, we really want to thank the brain that is not fully developed. Nature and God have given us such an opportunity to participate in children's development. So we are really glad to participate in the construction of children's lives.
Second, experience
1, Montessori discovered the new world like Columbus, Columbus discovered the external new world, and Montessori discovered the internal new world-the new world in children's hearts.
When I first heard this sentence, I felt very curious about what magical discovery was so magical and important. After listening to all the classes of Xiaohui in the second week, look back at this sentence. In fact, feeling the discovery of the new world in children's hearts is one of the greatest discoveries of mankind. Because it points out the right direction for children's growth and clears the way for the development of human potential. What changes is not the growth of one person, but the growth of generation after generation, which naturally affects the whole mankind and the whole world.
2. Montessori's educational philosophy did not originate in the laboratory. It is by observing and studying children's spontaneous behavior in the process of work and communication with children that her educational concept is scientific and will not be outdated.
When I heard this, I suddenly realized. I met Montessori in my third year of high school and took my boss to an early education class. I told my family to leave her alone and let her do whatever she wanted as long as it didn't violate the three safety principles. So I persisted, and suddenly one day, I forgot who said it. Now Montessori education is questioned by many people. I don't know if I can tell him which side is right in this sentence.
3. Children have the ability of self-construction, self-development and innate life potential. Parents should not be too anxious and don't encourage others! Give your child freedom and grow naturally according to his rules and timetable. We just need to have a good time with our children, play games with them at his age and read to him at his age. Love them and set them free. In addition to instinctive love for children, respect, acceptance and no requirements for children will not change because of children's physical condition, health or disease, beauty and ugliness, intelligence or not, and good or bad grades. Let children develop and build themselves according to their own life rules and their own timetable. Do the right thing, do the right thing, do what suits his development, and freedom comes with rules. If children's behavior hurts themselves, destroys the environment, or hurts others, this behavior should be stopped.
These remind me of a good strategy for governing the country, "governing by doing nothing", and the same is true for raising children. We just need to enjoy the role of "mother", feed, hug, enjoy and interact with children. Let him explore, absorb and grow according to his own life rules.
4. The most important picture book is what our parents and children read, and the pro is the most important. It is very important and pleasant to establish the relationship between parents and children by reading picture books. In this reading process, it doesn't matter what children remember and how many words they learn. Most importantly, through this intimate relationship, children will have a very good impression whenever they think of reading-reading is a really fun thing, and reading is a very beautiful thing, which is even more important.
This is a wake-up call for me. Suddenly I found myself paying too much attention to the reading of picture books, but I forgot that parent-child reading is different from reading, and parents are far more important than reading. So don't worry about whether you have finished reading a lot of books, whether the children have learned anything from them, and whether they have learned a few words. It must be remembered that everything should be moderate until it is appropriate. If you stimulate him too much, it will be bad for the child.
5. A child is like a planet running quietly in orbit. A child is like an artist, because he has the task of creating great works-that is, his future self, so just as you can't urge an artist, you can't urge a child. For any adult who wants to help his children, the most important lesson is to learn to respect his own pace of life, instead of trying in vain to speed him up and let him cooperate with our pace.
Yes, as parents, they always want to cultivate their children's ability to handle things when they grow up. In fact, every stage of life has its own tasks. No matter how anxious and hurried adults are, children are still growing up according to their own laws, day by day, year by year, and they don't grow up at once.
Third, children's work.
By working with children, Dr. Montessori observed that children have a law that they like to study and work. Children naturally like to study and work and enjoy the process. For them, the process is more important than the result.
This is completely different from adults. Children use the environment to improve themselves, and adults use work to change the environment. The purpose of our work is to finish it. On the other hand, children don't seem to be in a hurry to finish their work. They repeat it over and over again. Children work to enjoy the process, they work to grow, and adults work to get results. Children, on the other hand, seem to live in an endless moment. He is in no hurry to complete any action, because for them, the completion of the action is the action itself, and all his energy is reflected in his work.
They love their work, enjoy it, save it, and repeat it over and over again, because it is a tool for him to pursue perfection.
It is difficult for us adults to free ourselves from the original work rhythm and then adapt to the children's rhythm.
They are as poised as planets in orbit. A child is like an artist, because he has the task of creating great works-that is, his future self, so just as you can't urge an artist, you can't urge a child.
For any adult who wants to help his children, the most important lesson is to learn to respect his own pace of life, instead of trying in vain to speed him up and let him cooperate with our pace.
We should always remember that children's interest lies in the process itself, and it is better to travel hopefully than to reach the destination!
Because in the eyes of children, the world is novel!
Part four: Question and answer.
DHA, docosahexaenoic acid, commonly known as brain gold, is an unsaturated fatty acid which is very important to human body and belongs to an important member of ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid family. There is this omega-3 in breast milk, so all mothers should breastfeed. Breast milk has many nutrients that children need.
After half a year old, in addition to continuing breastfeeding or formula milk, the baby's food intake has increased. Give him some wheat, wheat slices or some fruits and vegetables. Don't add grease when cooking or feeding children, and then it is best to steam them, or use vegetables distilled under high pressure without water. And to ensure this vitamin, potatoes should be boiled with skin. Then, if you don't eat children's skins, peel them after cooking and steaming; When you feed solid food in the first few weeks or when the baby is at least seven months old, all the food you give him is thick and cloudy.
Children's timidity and love to cry are determined by many factors such as heredity, physical condition, natural temperament and family education.
Children need enough big muscle exercises, small muscle exercises and senses, so the senses are hands, touch, see, listen and do things. Take children outside to run, jump, play ball and swing; Do things at home. When you do things, let your children do things with you. When you wash the car, let him wash it with you. Let him pick fruits and vegetables with you when you buy vegetables. Is to live with you in real life. When he needs to climb, give him enough opportunities to climb, let him learn to walk, and take the children out when running.
Enriching environmental stimuli is an effective way to increase dendrites and synapses. Such as listening to music, walking, reading, building blocks and other activities. It will excite some neural networks and put other useless nerves in a state of stagnation. Then the used parts will be strengthened and the unused parts will be lost.
Life is really wonderful, it will adjust itself automatically, and every part is not redundant, so it is also important to get rid of the unused parts. It is precisely because the unused parts are removed that the active neural circuit works more efficiently.
Q&A (unlimited words)
1) What is innate life potential?
Montessori believes that children have innate life potential and the ability to develop on the premise of love and freedom. Children are independent individuals and their learning methods are completely different from those of adults. They have the ability of self-construction and self-development Like a plant, he needs a suitable growing environment (an environment full of love and freedom).
2) What is an absorption heart?
Children aged 0-6 have an absorbing mind, and their learning style is like a sponge absorbing water, which can absorb a lot of information from the surrounding environment effortlessly. The information seen and heard by the outside world does not enter his mind, but is formed in his mind. He is full of curiosity and love for the people and things around him, eagerly observing the surrounding environment and spontaneously exploring the things around him. Absorbing the mind is divided into two stages: unconscious absorption at 0-3 years old and conscious absorption at 3-6 years old.
3) What is the sensitive period? How many sensitive periods do children aged 0-6 have? Give examples.
Sensitive period was first put forward by the famous Dutch biologist De Frey, which refers to the special feeling that a creature gets when it is just born and still growing. This sensibility is a temporary tendency, limited to acquiring a specific trait. Once this trait is acquired, this special sensibility will disappear.
Under the guidance of their unique internal potential, they are particularly sensitive to certain things and behaviors, show high interest, and spontaneously do some specific actions, and concentrate on doing them repeatedly until their psychology is completely satisfied. Once this trait is acquired, once the goal is achieved, this special feeling will disappear and be replaced by another sensitive period.
How to judge whether a child has reached a sensitive period? One of the characteristics is that children will concentrate on the same meaningless action over and over again and enjoy the process.
Children aged 0-6 have six sensitive periods:
Order-sensitive period: Children like items with fixed position, fixed time lapse, order and agreement.
Sensitive period of action or movement: for example, I like to buckle holes and climb.
Small sensitive period: for example, I like to watch small ants, and I will be attracted by small details in pictures when reading books.
Sensory perception sensitive period: for example, during the oral desire period, children will like licking and biting.
Language sensitive period: children can learn language automatically and spontaneously as long as they are in a rich language environment.
Social sensitive period: A child of several months will smile back when he sees others smiling at him.
Small thesis: (more than 200 words)
From the sensitive period of absorbing the mind, why is 0-3 years old the most important stage of life?
Children have innate life potential and the ability to develop on the premise of love and freedom. They have the ability of self-construction and self-development Their learning style is completely different from that of adults. Like plants, they need a suitable growing environment (an environment full of love and freedom). Children know the world and develop their own internal helpers: absorbing the mind and sensitive period.
Children aged 0-6 have an absorbing mind, and their learning style is like a sponge absorbing water, which can absorb a lot of information from the surrounding environment effortlessly. The information seen and heard by the outside world does not enter his mind, but is formed in his mind. He is full of curiosity and love for the people and things around him, eagerly observing the surrounding environment and spontaneously exploring the things around him. Absorbing the mind is divided into two stages: unconscious absorption at 0-3 years old and conscious absorption at 3-6 years old.
Children naturally like studying and working, and enjoy the process. For them, the process is more important than the result. Under the guidance of their unique internal potential, they are particularly sensitive to certain things and behaviors, show high interest, and spontaneously do some specific actions, and concentrate on doing them repeatedly until their psychology is completely satisfied. Once this trait is acquired, once the goal is achieved, this special feeling will disappear and be replaced by another sensitive period. Children aged 0-6 have six sensitive periods. If children miss several sensitive periods in the process of growing up, they will still grow up. When they grow up, they will find that many places have been left out in the development of our psychological, physical and social relations, which makes us clumsy, unable to appreciate music, have no sense of color, know nothing about art, have a big head when it comes to numbers, do not know how to appreciate art, and some people are not good at communication and rely on others.