According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, the ratio of kindergarten students to teachers is the highest in the allocation of primary and secondary school teachers in China, which is 26 1. In other words, there are only 1 kindergarten teacher for every 26 children attending kindergarten in China.
The ratio of kindergarten students to teachers is an important index to measure the quality of preschool education. According to the national regulations, the maximum number of kindergarten students in each class should not exceed 35, and the reasonable teacher-student ratio should not be higher than 15 to 1, that is, each class is set to 2 teachers (2 teachers) and 1 nurse (1 nurse).
The reality is that it is difficult for kindergarten teachers to meet the above requirements in many areas, whether in urban or rural areas. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, there are nearly 30 million children studying in kindergartens in China. According to the survey data, in the next 10 year, it is estimated that 50 million school-age children in China will face the problem of going to kindergarten.
Even at present, according to the reasonable teacher-student ratio of kindergartens in China 15 1, kindergartens in China need about 2 million kindergarten teachers, and there is still a "gap" of more than 800,000 kindergarten teachers. At present and in the future, the teaching staff of kindergarten teachers need to be strengthened urgently.
By the end of 2009, there were 128 colleges and universities offering undergraduate teacher education. There are 280 colleges at the junior college level; Secondary college 187 1.
By the end of 20 14, there were 209,626 kindergarten teachers at all levels, including 648 undergraduates, accounting for 3.1%of the total number. College students 18483, accounting for 8.8% of the total; Secondary school students 184662, accounting for 88. 1% of the total number, graduates 14 1405.
By the end of 20 14, there were 899,000 full-time kindergarten teachers in China, with 38 1 10,000 in cities, accounting for 42.5% of the total number. There are 309,000 people in counties and townships, accounting for 34.3% of the total number; There are 209,000 people in rural areas, accounting for 23.2% of the total number. The proportion of full-time kindergarten teachers with technical secondary school education or above is 56.2% in cities and 36.4% in rural areas.
According to statistics, the number of preschool teachers' professional colleges in China is relatively small at present, and the graduates of preschool teachers' professional colleges only account for 15.4% of all preschool teachers' graduates every year, resulting in a low proportion of full-time preschool teachers with college education or above, which is far from meeting the needs of today's social development.
Preschool education is the foundation of life development, basic education, the beginning of lifelong education and an important part of the national education system, which is of great value for promoting individual's early comprehensive and healthy physical and mental development and promoting education and social equity.
The Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2023) puts forward the development goal of basically popularizing preschool education by 2023. It is required that economic development and preschool education be the urgent tasks to implement the outline, which fully reflects the great importance attached by the party and the state to promoting the reform and development of preschool education, and it is necessary to completely solve the problem of insufficient preschool education resources.
In recent years, although China's preschool education has rebounded, its development still cannot meet the needs of the people. Preschool education has not only become a weak link in China's entire education system, but also a prominent weak link in the current major livelihood needs.
On October 23rd, 20 13/KLOC-0, the Ministry of Education issued the Kindergarten Staff Allocation Standard (Provisional). According to the standard, the ratio of teaching staff to children in newly established full-time kindergartens should reach 1:5 ~ 1:7, and the established full-time kindergartens will gradually meet the standard requirements within three years.
Early education is the general trend of early childhood education in the 265,438+0 century. The latest China Demographic Yearbook shows that there are 70 million infants aged 0-3 in China, including 0-3 children in cities109,000. The concepts of "the commanding height of talent training is in the primary stage" and "education begins at the age of 0" are increasingly deeply rooted in people's hearts. The intellectual development of children aged 0-3 is the expectation of parents, and it is also a new growth point of the current preschool education development and market demand. In 20 13, the number of children in Shanghai reached about 500,000, and the number of kindergartens increased by 64 compared with last year. This year, new kindergartens will be built and opened to meet the needs of young children.
There are more and more children in kindergartens, and there is still a gap in preschool education resources. At present, all preschool education resources are concentrated to ensure the needs of children aged 3-6, and public kindergartens reduce the enrollment of kindergarten children. It is a problem for children aged 2-3 to enter the nursery. At present, public early education centers have been established in 17 districts and counties (*** 18) in Shanghai.
According to the Outline of Parents' Education Reform and Development in China and the development plans of preschool education formulated by various provinces and cities, preschool education will be basically popularized in the next decade. However, there is a big gap in preschool teachers. It is estimated that the gap of preschool teachers will reach 6.5438+0.2 million in the next decade. Although the national preschool education has developed in recent years, it still lags far behind the overall goal of the national preschool education.
To shorten this gap, a large number of high-quality kindergarten teachers are needed, and this gap provides a huge employment market for kindergarten teachers.
At present, China's higher education has historically entered the internationally recognized stage of popularization. However, with the popularization of higher education, it has become an indisputable fact that it is difficult for graduates to find jobs. Especially in 2008 and 2009, the global economic crisis swept the world, and the once favored children have entered an embarrassing situation: graduation is equivalent to unemployment. Mainly manifested in:
First of all, the employment situation itself is very severe, which is an unavoidable fact brought about by the expansion of enrollment; Secondly, the demand for good jobs is limited; Third, the students trained by the school itself are not all professionals. Schools pay attention to quality education, but there is still a certain disconnect between school training and social needs.
In addition to a certain professional level, employers also require students to have strong public relations ability, cooperation ability, practical ability, organization and coordination ability and professional application ability, but in fact, the cultivation of students in these aspects is still lacking. Therefore, it will be a long-term problem for graduates to find jobs.
Editor in charge: Teacher Chen
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