In order to cultivate their children into prodigies or geniuses, many parents "educate" their fetuses at all costs before they are born, but they often get half the result with half the effort and can't get the desired effect. This is mainly due to the lack of correct understanding of the nature of prenatal education. Although the research of fetal medicine found that fetal skin responded to cold stimulation at 4 months, to warmth at 5 months, to smell at 6 months, and to be tired of vision and noise at 7 months. But these are only the initial establishment of sensory function and motor function, which can not form consciousness, and there is no nerve tissue that produces thinking and consciousness. The popular prenatal education in ancient and modern times, whether it is the practice of some folk families or the special research of some scientific research departments, has not scientifically demonstrated that the fetus has the performance of learning in the practice of prenatal education.
The essence of learning is the establishment of brain conditioned reflex. The establishment of conditioned reflex is based on unconditioned reflex (inherited from biology), and the signal given by the outside world (physiologically called the second signal, such as the stimulus signal of sound or vision) is combined with the signal that causes unconditioned reflex (physiologically called the first signal) and repeatedly acts on the brain. After the fetus grows to 6 months, although it has various senses, due to environmental restrictions, it is impossible to see outside things and establish various conditioned reflexes including learning. Therefore, it is unscientific to regard prenatal education as early education, because the fetus simply does not have the ability to learn.
Some scientific studies from the perspective of neuromolecular biology have confirmed that the essence of learning is the process of information storage in the brain, and memory is extracted from the information storage in the brain. Studies have shown that long-term memory coding is in the connectivity of cortical neurons (pyramidal cells), and its structural basis lies in the changes of synapses between pyramidal cells. Repeated intense stimulation can stimulate synaptic activity, thus increasing the efficacy of synapses. This is considered to be the variable synaptic effect of learning or memory. However, the study of learning and memory initiative holds that synaptic learning is a dual and continuous process, that is, exciting a special synaptic type can promote the growth of other synapses on the same dendrite. In recent years, it has also been confirmed that the dendritic spines of cerebral cortex neurons (spinal cells) are very sensitive to various changes, such as keeping young animals in the dark or making them blind (that is, cutting off the sensory pathway between the outside world and the cerebral cortex), resulting in a decrease in the number of dendritic spines compared with the control group; On the contrary, if stimulation and continuous illumination are increased, the number of dendritic spines can be increased. The number of dendritic spines decreased and their shapes changed in children with mental retardation found in clinic. It can be seen from the above research that the occurrence and development of dendrites and dendritic spines in pyramidal cells of human cerebral cortex and the number of "synapses" established between pyramidal cells are directly related to people's life-long behavior, learning and memory ability.
The growth and development of fetal brain is unbalanced during the whole 40 weeks. During pregnancy 10 ~ 24 weeks, the growth and development of fetal brain pyramidal cells is the fastest, which is called the period of rapid increase of fetal brain cells. At this time, the volume of pyramidal cells began to increase and dendrites began to extend. If at this time, the benign stimulation of various sensory pathways in the cerebral cortex by the outside world increases, such as sound, light and touch. The postsynaptic membrane potential between the pyramidal cells in the pathway through which the electrical pulse generated by stimulation passes and the pyramidal cells in the sensory center of the brain increases, and repeated stimulation promotes the growth of dendrites and dendritic spines of these pyramidal cells, which is conducive to the establishment of "synaptic" connections with pyramidal cells around them that have not yet established synaptic connections. In this way, the brain neural network responsible for nerve impulse transmission and information storage is richer than that without this environment, which is beneficial to the brain's feeling and thinking more agile and more information storage after birth. For the study and work in life, there is an innate smarter brain to help.
During this period, the fetus needs to get a lot of amino acids from the mother, and some trace elements such as copper and zinc need to synthesize the nuclear protein of fetal brain cells with these amino acids. Therefore, we must pay attention to ensuring the intake of nutrients for pregnant women, such as calories, protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins and trace elements.
Therefore, the scientific essence of prenatal education is to transmit auditory, visual (light) and physical tactile stimuli to the fetus on the basis of ensuring the reasonable and sufficient dietary nutrition of pregnant women, and to induce the related neural pathways and nerve cone cells in the central part to grow more dendrites with moderate stimulation, thus promoting the establishment of "synaptic connection" with the surrounding cone cells to transmit pulses, enriching the neural network closely related to brain functions such as feeling, movement, thinking and memory, which is beneficial to birth.
Good prenatal education needs management.
Many parents have a question, why there is still a big difference after birth between fetuses who have also received prenatal education. This is because prenatal education is not only written in books, but also influenced by many aspects, such as parents' mood, environment, health and so on. Like marriage, good prenatal education needs to be managed.
First of all, we should be fully prepared. Both men and women come from different families and backgrounds, so they must be well informed and fully prepared for the arrival of a "new life"; Understand the feelings of every member of both families, because marriage is not a personal matter, let alone the birth of the next generation; Pregnant in a quiet and comfortable environment; Relax yourself, the lights should be soft and create a happy atmosphere.
Secondly, we should keep a good attitude. To maintain a happy and stable mood, the best way to give prenatal education to the fetus is that all family members love the fetus and enjoy the happiness of becoming a mother with the blessing and care of family members; Full of faith and hope for life, faith and hope for the baby is not only conducive to natural childbirth, but also conducive to the baby to form a will and confident personality; Have an upright and relaxed mood, don't think, don't look and don't do those bad things. Don't lie, don't care about trivial matters, and try to be mentally prepared with a relaxed mood.
Moreover, life should be regular. The first thing to emphasize is a balanced diet, because fetal development needs a lot of nutrition and must be obtained from the mother; In order to maintain a healthy body, try to avoid salty or irritating food and eat more healthy food; Moderate exercise can promote blood circulation, provide proper nutrition and healthy growth atmosphere for the fetus, which is very effective for the development and growth of the brain.
Finally, we should cultivate some hobbies. Painting, listening to good music or reading some interesting books can make life enjoyable. Soft and brisk music is especially good for the fetus and contributes to the mental development of the fetus; Take care of the fetus with love, talk to him, say hello, look at the trees and flowers, tell the fetus what day it is, and so on. Keeping a diary during pregnancy means love and care for children, and it is also a good gift for children when they grow up; Try to dream well, because dreams are based on facts and good dreams can be realized; Establish a mother-child utopia belonging to mother and fetus, learn family bonsai or clay sculpture, shape an ideal child's face, or take the fetus to appreciate beautiful things. These can not only make pregnant women have a good mood, but also help the development of the fetus.
Don't rush to implement prenatal education
It is the common wish of parents to have a healthy and intelligent child. And prenatal education is an effective means to help realize this desire. But some parents, out of a sense of responsibility for their offspring, realize that they only have one chance to raise their children in this life, so they can only succeed, not fail. This is often easy to rush, expect too much, and sometimes it is counterproductive and can't get good results.
Prenatal education can make every ordinary child develop healthier and smarter physically and mentally, and can also improve the overall quality of children. Its main purpose is to improve the development of children's brain, nervous system, various sensory functions and motor functions, lay a good foundation for receiving various stimuli and training after birth, and make children better adapt to the future natural and social environment.
In order to correctly implement prenatal education and truly benefit the fetus, pregnant women must seriously study the contents of prenatal education and accurately master the correct methods of prenatal education. Pregnant women should have a regular life, which is not only a part of prenatal education, but also the minimum requirement for every pregnant woman. In the process of implementing prenatal education, we should strictly follow the methods of prenatal education, such as touching prenatal education. One or two days is not enough to establish contact with the fetus. We need to do it regularly for a long time, so that the fetus can understand the meaning and make a positive response. However, not all methods will be more effective than the prescribed methods. For example, some pregnant women put headphones on their abdomen for a long time during language prenatal education, which causes the fetus to be restless, unable to be born, becoming very neurotic, and even having an aversion and hostile attitude towards language. You can't listen to music endlessly. Even pregnant women feel exhausted, and the fetus will never feel better. It is understandable that some parents want their children to succeed and raise their fetuses better, but there is a limit to everything. Once overdone, the result will be counterproductive, which will not only fail to achieve the expected purpose, but also lead to bad results.
Every content of prenatal education will be beneficial to the fetus. If it is not properly implemented, I am afraid that the fetus will not only get benefits, but also suffer. Therefore, pregnant women should not be too enthusiastic about prenatal education and should not be too anxious. The confidence and perseverance of pregnant women are the guarantee for the success of prenatal education. Only when the mother and fetus cooperate with each other can the intellectual development of the fetus be stimulated and developed in the fun of cooperation.
Be lazy in prenatal education
After pregnancy, many women are afraid that too much activity will harm the fetus, which is harmful to the fetus, so they tend to become lazy and don't want to do anything or think about anything. Some people think that this is the characteristic of pregnant women, so let it be. As everyone knows, this is the taboo of prenatal education theory.
According to research, the fetus can perceive the mother's thoughts, and there is information transmission between the pregnant woman and the fetus. If the mother neither thinks nor studies, the fetus will be deeply infected and become lazy, which is extremely unfavorable to the development of the fetal brain.
Therefore, pregnant mothers should always keep a strong interest in life, maintain a strong thirst for knowledge and curiosity, fully mobilize their own thinking activities, start from themselves, be diligent in thinking, be brave in exploration, be proactive in work, pay attention to observation in life, and transmit what they see and hear to the fetus through vision and hearing, so that the fetus can constantly receive stimulation and promote the development of brain nerves and cells.
Master the necessary knowledge of prenatal education.
In order to have a healthy and intelligent child, some parents have made preparations for prenatal education for a long time. But prenatal education is a science, and people don't take it for granted to cultivate the fetus according to their own hobbies and ideas, which will only achieve the opposite effect.
For example, Ms. Wang, who has been pregnant for more than half a year, loves to play mahjong. Play a few games with others when you are free. The sound of mahjong is simply wonderful music in her mind. After a long time, she seems to have touched the doorway. As long as the mahjong sounds, the fetus in her belly will be quiet and seem to enjoy wonderful music. Once you stop playing mahjong, the fetus will "punch and kick" in the stomach, which is exactly what Ms. Wang wants. She simply sits at the mahjong table every day for "prenatal education". Some pregnant women like sad or noisy music, so they also use it as a tape for prenatal education. As a result, the fetus in the belly feels depressed or irritable after listening to it. Some even destroyed the child's cochlea and auditory nerve, resulting in hearing loss or deafness at birth.
This "prenatal education" method of letting the fetus listen to mahjong or sad music makes some psychologists worry that it will bring negative effects to children. Experts believe that music prenatal education is a regular and regular music stimulation for pregnant women while ensuring adequate nutrition and rest. For example, the soothing, gentle and cheerful parts of some famous songs are suitable for prenatal education, which can promote the faster development of baby's sensory nerve and cerebral cortex center. Tragic, intense and exciting music and "music" such as mahjong can only convey the bad mood of pregnant women to the fetus, which will affect the normal development of the fetus and seriously cause baby malformation.
Therefore, parents must master the necessary knowledge of prenatal education in order to correctly choose their own prenatal education methods. Nowadays, there are various schemes in the society under the banner of "science" and "experts", which make parents see things in a blur and have no choice. Young parents can't bear to let their children fall behind, so they have to donate money to participate in training or buy "programs". In fact, the guiding ideology of many programs is wrong. For example, some guiding ideology is genetic determinism, which obviously goes against the natural process of children's development and misleads parents only for commercial purposes. Therefore, experts remind parents that before preparing for pregnancy, they should learn some knowledge about children's development from formal professional units and channels, including mental health during pregnancy, children's psychology and education, and prenatal education. This will let you know what you are doing, keep a cool head and be good at identifying and choosing the method that suits you. When choosing prenatal education music, we should choose prenatal education music approved by the medical eugenics society to avoid harm to the fetus.
Bad prenatal education is harmful to the fetus.
Some people think that the fetus living in the mother's womb is an ideal environment without external interference. In fact, scientists' research has found that all basic syllables of external sounds can be introduced into the uterus, and the fetus can clearly hear the voices of people 3 meters away, the sound of opening doors and the sound of cars passing by, and the sound it feels is only 25 ~ 30 decibels lower than that of the outside world. It can be seen that the fetus is also deeply affected by external noise in the uterus. Cochlea is a part of the inner ear of the fetus, which develops from the 20th week of pregnancy, and its maturation process lasts for more than 30 days after the baby is born. Because the fetal cochlea is in the developing stage, it is easily damaged by noise, and it is particularly sensitive to treble above 2000 Hz. Therefore, if there is a treble above 2000 Hz in the prenatal education tape, it will definitely damage the hearing of the fetus.
A woman took her two and a half-year-old son to the hospital. The doctor found that the child was severely deaf. After careful examination, the child's cochlea and auditory nerve were damaged and there was no possibility of cure. It turned out that when the woman was pregnant for 3 months, she heard rumors about the benefits of prenatal education, so she put headphones on her abdomen every day to let the fetus listen to 1 hour music, which led to hearing loss of the fetus. Some mothers have reported that after prenatal education with music, although children are smart and lively, they are too energetic and always don't like to sleep. Asked about the specific methods of prenatal education, I learned that my mother was busy during pregnancy and was unwilling to give up the opportunity of prenatal education. Therefore, the prenatal education device is placed in the abdomen every day, sometimes the mother falls asleep quickly because of fatigue, and the prenatal education device is still constantly stimulating the fetus, so it is difficult to ensure timing and quantification, which may interfere with the biological clock of the fetus.
In addition, the selection of prenatal education tapes is also very important. Generally speaking, music should be stable and clear, the rhythm should be close to people's normal heart rate, musical instruments should be concise and elegant, and the frequency should be around 500 ~ 1500 Hz, so that people can choose comfortable, quiet, happy and beautiful music. Some music tapes are not suitable for prenatal education because of poor production conditions, impure sound quality and loud noise. Not long ago, the National Association for Prenatal Education and the Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted a random sampling survey on the prenatal music tapes sold in the market, and found that there were a large number of unqualified prenatal music tapes with audio exceeding 2000Hz. Some tape cassettes indicate that the audio frequency range is 500 ~ 2000 Hz, but the highest audio frequency is 4000 ~ 5000 Hz. Using such unqualified products for prenatal education, the damage to fetal hearing can be imagined. Therefore, experts suggest that parents must choose qualified products recommended by the health department and the national technical supervision department.
Scientific prenatal education requires parents to correctly understand prenatal education, learn corresponding knowledge and skills, and conduct it in a scientific way. No matter what kind of prenatal education method, there are appropriate stimulation methods and opportunities, quantitative problems, such as the method of massage prenatal education, the strength of pressing, the time spent, the normal or abnormal reaction of the fetus and so on. It must be carried out under the guidance of prenatal education experts and obstetricians and gynecologists to avoid accidents. In addition, the scientific method should be based on the law of natural development, and make corresponding prenatal education according to the age of the fetus and the development level of each fetus. Don't rush for success, and carry it out in a planned way in natural harmony, so as to obtain ideal results and breed healthy and intelligent children.