In recent years, quality supervision departments and law enforcement departments in many parts of China are also stepping up the sampling inspection of children's toys. So what should we pay attention to when choosing toys, so as not to trample on thunder, which will lead to "spoiled baby" becoming "injured baby"? Let's take a look at the toy pit avoidance guide below.
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As a post-80s generation, the toys I played most when I was a child were pinball, foreign paintings and transformers. However, after 30 years, the children's toy market has also undergone earth-shaking changes. My child is almost two years old. In order to choose the right toys for my baby, I have trained myself to use all kinds of shopping software skillfully, and because I often need to consult documents at work, my skills of searching the latest parenting books at home and abroad have also been improved. So let me share my experience in choosing toys for babies.
Children aged 0-3 can be further subdivided into neonatal period, infancy and infancy. During this period, the child's physical growth rate is relatively fast, and the changes at each stage are also very great. Therefore, the angle of choosing toys in different periods is different.
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1. Neonatal period: from umbilical cord ligation after birth to a little over 28 days.
Most novice parents are still in a hurry when the child is just born. The bag is just right, the milk powder and diapers are dazzling, and the parents and the little angel are still in the running-in state. There are many obstacles in communication with each other, and the tacit understanding has not been established successfully. At this juncture, a friend gave me a hand bell that can emit six interesting sounds and soft colored light, which solved the big problem-when the baby is crying, just put this hand bell next to him and the child will be quiet.
One-month-old baby, hearing is fully mature, can recognize certain sounds, turn to look at familiar sounds, and even remember some heard sounds. Their pupils began to dilate. With the development of retina, the focus range can reach 20-30cm, and their ability to see things and distinguish patterns will gradually increase. The stronger the contrast of the patterns, the more they will attract their attention.
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In addition to the rattle toys that can make soft sounds mentioned above, black and white cards including concentric circles, chessboards and simple animal patterns can also be held by parents to show their babies, and each gaze can last for about 5-6 seconds.
2. infancy: from birth to 1 year.
After the child's full moon, the fatigue and panic of new parents have been replaced by confidence and proficiency. With the continuous growth, a little change of children will surprise parents. The child bought a bed bell when he was 2 months old. At this time, the child's eyes will be more coordinated than before, and he can track objects that pass in front of him for half a week. When the baby hears the lullaby from the bed bell, he will turn his head to the bed bell and chirp occasionally.
When the child is 3 months old, you can prepare a baby fitness rack. This kind of toys can promote the coordinated development of the baby's back, neck, spine and limbs through a series of autonomous actions such as grasping, grasping, kicking and kicking. The most important thing at this stage is to strengthen the child's neck strength.
Five-month-old children can open their hands, make fists, grab objects and shake them, and put toys in their mouths to bite. At this time, they can prepare gutta-percha to grind their teeth and fix their teeth. However, it should be noted that such toys must be made of safe materials and disinfected at high temperature regularly because they are in direct contact with children's mouths.
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Generally, after 6 months, children can sit up and support the weight of the whole body with their legs. They changed from lying posture to sitting posture, observing the world at a new height. Toys, such as electronic organ, can make pleasant sounds and bright colors, which can help them to re-understand their surroundings.
Seven-month-old babies begin to respond to their own names. They can distinguish the speaker's emotions by tone, express happiness and unhappiness by voice, and begin to actively imitate the voices of adults. At this time, parents can read more early education books to their children and inspire them to understand and remember words and sentences through the combination of pictures and sounds.
Compared with flat books, pop-up books can enhance the baby's perception of the world with small hands, stimulate the child's tactile development, and produce intuitive and real tactile memories of adjectives such as "soft" and "slippery". However, parents should also pay attention to protecting all kinds of books. You know, at this time, the cute baby has learned to take things and can freely loosen her fingers. It is their hobby to throw things cheerfully and enjoy them.
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However, it is the key work in this period to practice finger grasping frequently, so building blocks are very suitable toys for them. It should be noted that try to choose large pieces, small pieces will be put in your mouth, and there is a danger of getting stuck in your throat!
By 8 months, children's activity ability has greatly increased, and the control ability given by budding motor skills will be extended to all aspects of life. Rock climbing mats and fences can provide a safe place to lie down or sit down to protect yourself. The climbing mat should be thicker and more elastic, which can protect children from cold and humidity, relieve the pain when they fall and protect their knees. When the child stands firm, he will hold the fence for a few tentative steps to ensure that the fence has no sharp edges and burrs. The larger the diameter of the sucker in the fence, the stronger the adsorption force, and the less likely it is to be displaced and pushed down by the "little devil".
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3. Early childhood: 1 to 3 years old.
/kloc-After 0/year old, children can walk by themselves one after another. As the rhythm becomes smoother, they can take more children to participate in outdoor activities. At this time, it is particularly important to choose "transportation" for them.
Scooter: It is recommended to choose a tricycle to prevent rollover. Pay attention to the firmness of the car body.
Twist car: choose the type of double triangle structure and five-point support to ensure the safety of children when they turn quickly and prevent the danger of falling back.
Balance car: it can exercise children's balance ability and physical reaction, and the frame is light, especially to check whether the locking device is reliable and prevent accidental injury caused by loosening of the locking device. Don't forget to prepare helmets and protective gear for your child's knees and elbows.
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Not long ago, our hospital admitted a 3-year-old child who ate 18 magnetic ball by mistake. Because the magnetic ball has been in the body for more than ten days, the child's small intestine and ileocecum are perforated. The doctor performed laparoscopic exploration on the child before taking out all the magnetic balls.
Magnetic ball, also called bucky ball, is a kind of strong magnetic toy with a magnetic force as high as 4000 gauss. If children swallow these magnetic balls, they can enter the intestines of "nine bends and eighteen bends" and stage a thrilling life drama of "magnetic balls wear intestines and pay attention to pain". Therefore, try not to let children touch this small and easy-to-eat toy.
The protagonist of another case is a 5-year-old child. He thought the gorgeous sea baby (a colorful elastic toy that expands after absorbing water) was delicious, so he tasted a few directly. After that, I rolled in bed with a stomachache and vomited frequently, but I couldn't get out. It was diagnosed as mechanical intestinal obstruction by the hospital and was taken out by laparotomy.
This kind of sea baby water-absorbing bomb not only has the risk of being eaten by children by mistake, but also is harmful to children's skin and respiratory tract because its main components are acrylonitrile and acrylate.
Preschool children's safety awareness is not complete, and they are also curious and hyperactive. Apart from the coins, rings and button cell mentioned above, they are common culprits of foreign bodies in children's digestive tract. In addition to keeping them away from their children's sight, parents must pay more attention to the process of taking care of their children. If you accidentally eat a foreign body, you must seek medical advice in time.
There is also a "deep pit" that needs to be taken out separately, and that is the crystal mud of online celebrity toys! It is a toy with various decorations made of glue, borax and water. It feels as soft as jelly and is loved by many children. But some children will have skin allergies after contact. If the skin is damaged, borax may be absorbed and cause poisoning.
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Toys are important products consumed by children. Children are prone to accidental injuries when using toys because of their sensitive skin and lack of awareness of prevention. In order to ensure the safety and quality of children's toys and protect children's personal health and safety, official website (/) of the State Administration of Market Supervision issued the National Technical Specification for Toy Safety (GB 6675-2003) in 2003, which was revised by the National Standards Committee 20 14 to form the National Standard for Toy Safety (GB 6675-20 14
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The specific documents are too professional. According to the author's work experience and literature review, it is summarized as follows:
1. Check the identification and safety warning signs of toys. Try to choose toys produced by regular manufacturers, and check whether the toys are marked with the name and address of the manufacturer. When buying toys, you should check the product "CCC" logo (-China compulsory certification), pay attention to warning information or other safety information, and pay attention to the instructions for the use of toys.
2. Pay attention to the applicable age range of toys. When choosing toys for children under 3 years old, don't buy toys with small parts that may be swallowed or inhaled, such as springs, wires and plastic pen caps, so as to avoid the danger of suffocation after eating by mistake. The length of the rope with accessories on the drag toy shall not exceed 220 mm.
3. Check the quality of toys. Hard toys should be free from sharp corners, burrs, sharp edges and scratches on children's skin. Filled toys should be soft to the touch, free of foreign objects and hard objects, and the moving parts of toys should not be pinched by children's fingers. Accessories of plush toys (such as eyes) will not be buckled by children.
4. Identify toys containing harmful substances. Be careful to buy colored toys that may contain chemicals harmful to children such as benzene, lead and cadmium or heavy metals exceeding the standard. Don't choose toys with strong fragrance or smell. Be sure to urge children to wash their hands after playing with toys or before eating.
5. Be alert to the damage of children's hearing caused by sounding toys. The volume of talking toys should be controlled below 70 decibels to avoid noise damage to children's hearing system.
6. Avoid choosing toys with sharp tools. Children's self-control and control are weak, so darts, slingshots, simulated pistols and laser guns are not suitable for children to play with.
7. Compare the recommendation of 2/3 application software, refer to the buyer's evaluation and comprehensive sales, don't be greedy for cheap, try to choose a big brand with good reputation.
Main references:
Futang Zhu Practical Pediatrics (8th Edition)
American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia of Parenting (6th Edition)
GB 6675-2003 National Technical Specification for Toy Safety
GB 6675-20 14 Toy Safety
Author | Deputy Director Pharmacist of Lu Tianjin Children's Hospital
Audit | Liu Li Executive Director and Chief Physician of Comprehensive Internal Medicine Ward of Hexi Machang Campus of Tianjin Children's Hospital
This article is produced by "scientific rumor platform" (ID: science _ facts), please indicate the source.