In the seventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1494), the nanny of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty helped Mrs. Roche build the Yuan Jing Temple in front of Mount Weng, which was later abandoned. Since then, the number of gardens around Wengshan has gradually increased. Ming Wuzong built a palace by the lake called Shan Hao Garden, which is a royal garden, and renamed "Wengshan" as "Jinshan" and Wengshanbo as "Jinhai". Both Ming Wuzong and Ming Shenzong used to row boats here. During the Xi period of the Ming Dynasty, Wei Zhongxian, Yan Quan, took Shan Hao Garden as his own. In the early Qing Dynasty, Wengshan became a forage field for the imperial court to raise horses, and all the guilty eunuchs were sent to this grassland. [2]
In the early years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the number of gardens in Haidian, a western suburb of Beijing, increased, and a large amount of garden water made the water consumption increase day by day. At that time, most of the garden water came from Yuquan Mountain and flowed into the West Lake, which was also the water source of Tonghui River since the Ming Dynasty, except Wanquan River system with little flow. If a large number of Yuquan mountains and rivers are intercepted, it will threaten the water level of Tonghui River from Beijing to Tongzhou and directly affect water transportation.
In the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), in order to prepare for the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Chongde (Empress Xian), Emperor Qianlong, on the pretext of harnessing the water system in the west of Beijing, ordered the excavation of the West Lake, intercepting the water from Xishan, Yuquan and Shou 'an Mountain, and excavating Gaoshui Lake and Tishui Lake in the west of the West Lake, using these three lakes as reservoirs to ensure the water for the palace gardens and provide irrigation water for the surrounding farmland. Emperor Qianlong took the story of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty digging Kunming Pool to practice the water army, renamed the West Lake Kunming Lake, and built the excavated soil on Weng Mountain in Hubei Province, and renamed Weng Mountain Wanshou Mountain. In the 29th year of Qianlong (1764), Qingyi Garden was built, which cost more than 4.8 million yuan. [3]
In Qingyi Garden, according to the concept of "Three Fairy Mountains on the Sea" in ancient China mythology, three small islands, namely Nanhu Island, Tuancheng Island and Zaoshitang Island, were built in Kunming Lake and the two lakes on the west side to compare the three mountains on the sea: Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou. The master plan of Qingyi Garden is based on the West Lake in Hangzhou. At the same time, Jiangnan gardens and scenic spots are widely imitated, such as Phoenix Wharf imitating Taihu Lake, Jingming Building imitating Yueyang Tower, Wang Chan Pavilion imitating Yellow Crane Tower, Houxihu Commercial Street imitating Suzhou Water Street, and Xisuo Commercial Street imitating Yangzhou Twenty-four Bridges. The main building in the park is yanshou temple, which is a big newspaper with a long corridor of more than 700 meters. Its architecture and decorative paintings are quite wonderful and have artistic value, and there are many sightseeing buildings.
There are few buildings in Qingyi Garden of Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace, both political and residential. Emperor Qianlong visited Qingyi Garden that day and never lived in it. [4]
After Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, Qingyi Garden was gradually abandoned due to the weakness of national strength. 1860, Qingyi Garden was destroyed by the fire of British and French allied forces.
1884 to 1895, Empress Dowager Cixi abdicated to recuperate and ordered the reconstruction of Qingyi Garden in the name of Emperor Guangxu. Due to limited funds, I concentrated my financial resources to restore the Qian Shan complex, and built a wall around Kunming Lake, renamed the Summer Palace and became the detached palace. The buildings and cultural relics in the park were destroyed by Eight-Nation Alliance in 1900 and restored in 1902.
After the abdication of the Qing Emperor, the Summer Palace became the private property of the Qing Dynasty, and ticket sales were opened to the public from 19 14. 1924 After Puyi was expelled from the palace, the Summer Palace was taken over by the Beiping Special Municipal Government and turned into a park.
After 1949, the Summer Palace was once occupied by the Central Party School. Many important party and government officials and Mao Zedong's good friends (such as Liu Yazi and Jiang Qing) once lived in the Li Ting Pavilion in the garden. Since 1953, the Summer Palace has been opened to the public as a park, and has undergone many major repairs since then.
1998165438+10. In October, the Summer Palace was listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO.