Anxiety disorder: patients show anxiety, panic and nervousness, feel that the worst thing is about to happen, often feel uneasy and insecure, worried all day, upset and lose interest in external things. In severe cases, people have fear and are prone to panic reaction to external stimuli, often accompanied by sleep disorder and autonomic nerve disorder, such as difficulty in falling asleep, nightmares, easy awakening, pale or flushing, easy sweating, numbness of limbs, muscle beating, dizziness, palpitation, chest tightness or suffocation, loss of appetite, dry mouth, abdominal distension with burning sensation, constipation or diarrhea, frequent urination, irregular menstruation, and loss of libido. Patients have strong and unnecessary fear of certain specific objects, accompanied by avoidance behavior. Patients know that this fear is excessive, inappropriate and unreasonable, but this understanding still cannot prevent the occurrence of fear. The object of fear may be single or multiple, such as animals, squares, closed rooms, climbing or social activities. Patients know that their reactions are unreasonable, but they are difficult to control and appear repeatedly. The incidence rate is mostly young and old, especially women. The so-called phobia is an irrational and inappropriate fear of an object or an environment. Once faced with such an object or environment, phobia patients will have an extreme sense of terror, so that they will try to avoid this environment because they are afraid that they cannot escape. The causes of phobia are not single. It is generally believed that there are biological factors, that is, hereditary fragile personality, natural neuroticism and neuroticism, and such people are most likely to be afraid. Another factor is that you can't cope with the mental stress you bear. OCD: 1. Obsessive concepts, that is, some associations, concepts, memories or doubts are stubbornly repeated and difficult to control. (1) Forced association: Repeatedly recalling a series of unfortunate events that will happen. Although you know it's impossible, you can't help it, causing emotional tension and fear. (2) Forced memory: Repeated memory of unimportant things that have been done, although knowing that it is meaningless, cannot be restrained and needs repeated memory. (3) Forced doubt: If you have unnecessary doubts about whether your actions are correct, you should check them again and again. If you doubt whether the doors and windows are really closed after going out, go back and check them several times. Otherwise, I will feel anxious. (4) Compulsive fatigue: thinking repeatedly about natural phenomena or events in daily life, knowing that it is meaningless, but unable to restrain it, such as thinking repeatedly: "Why does the house face south instead of north?" (5) Forced opposing thinking: Two opposing words or concepts appear repeatedly in my mind, making me feel distressed and nervous. If I think of "support", I immediately appear "opposition"; When it comes to "good guys", I think of "bad guys" and so on. Second, forced action (a) forced washing: washing hands or objects repeatedly, I can't get rid of the "dirty feeling" in my heart, knowing that I washed it, but I can't do it myself or not. (2) Compulsory inspection: it usually appears at the same time as compulsory suspicion. Patients feel uneasy about what they know, and check repeatedly, such as checking locked doors and windows, checking written bills, letters or manuscripts, etc. (3) Forced counting: count steps and telephone poles uncontrollably, and do an action for a certain number of times, otherwise, if you feel uneasy, you must count again. (4) Forced ritual actions: Before daily activities, do a set of actions with certain procedures, such as taking off your shoes according to certain procedures before going to bed and placing them according to fixed rules, otherwise you will feel uneasy, then put on your clothes and shoes again and take them off according to procedures. Third, forced intention In some cases, patients will have an idea that is contrary to the situation at that time, but they can't control the appearance of this intention, which is very distressing. For example, when the mother walked to the river with her child in her arms, she suddenly had the idea of throwing her child into the river. Although there was no corresponding action, the patient was very nervous and scared. Fourth, the specific expression of obsessive-compulsive emotion is mainly obsessive-compulsive fear. This kind of fear is the fear of losing control of one's emotions, such as fear that one will go crazy, do things that violate laws or social norms, and even endanger the world, instead of the fear of special objects and special situations like phobia patients. 5. Obsessive-compulsive thinking This fear is related to patients' compulsive thinking. Patients are afraid of their rebellious thinking and strong emotional reactions. If you are afraid that you will be forced on some occasions, you will feel scared and try to avoid attending such occasions. Sixth, the concrete manifestation of compulsion can be obedience compulsion, such as repeatedly checking whether the gas is turned off or the door is locked; It can be confrontational coercion, such as repeatedly telling yourself not to turn coercive intentions into practical actions; It can also be a compulsory ritual action, such as crossing your left leg before entering the house and dressing up in order before going out. In addition, it can be forced to count, wash hands, blink, shake its head and bite its nails. The specific behavior of obsessive-compulsive disorder is embodied in editing this paragraph. When one or more of the following symptoms persist and affect normal life, you should consider consulting and treating a psychologist: you are often sensitive to germs and various diseases, so don't worry; Wash your hands frequently and repeatedly for a long time, which is more than normal; Sometimes the same words will be repeated several times for no reason; I feel that dressing, cleaning, eating and walking should follow a special order; It is often unnecessary to do certain things repeatedly, such as checking doors and windows, switches, gas, money, documents, forms, letters, etc. Doubt most things you do; Often unconsciously think of some unpleasant memories or ideas, people can not get rid of; I often think that my small mistakes and misunderstandings have disastrous consequences; I often worry that I have some kind of disease for no reason; Often count or sing a song for no reason; On some occasions, I am afraid to do embarrassing things; I am upset when I see sharp objects such as knives and daggers; I am troubled by completely remembering some unimportant things; Sometimes it will destroy some items or hurt others for no reason; On some occasions, even if I was sick at that time, I wanted to overeat; When you hear the news of suicide, crime or disease, you will be sad for a long time, and it is hard not to think about it. There are manifestations such as cleanliness, hallucinations, email syndrome and excessive masturbation. When you hear or see an idea or sentence in your mind, you can't help thinking of another idea or sentence. Obsessive-compulsive disorder tendency test: 1, unnecessary thoughts or words hovering in my mind; 2. forgetfulness; 3. I am worried that my clothes are untidy and my manners are not correct; 4. I find it difficult to complete the task; 5. Things must be done slowly to ensure that they are done right; 6. Things must be checked repeatedly; 7. It is difficult to make a decision; 8. Repeatedly thinking about meaningless things; 9. Unable to concentrate; 10, be sure to wash your hands repeatedly and count; 1 1, repeatedly doing a meaningless action; 12, often suspected of being polluted; 13, always worrying about relatives and making meaningless associations; 14, uncontrollable opposing thoughts and ideas appear. The three main symptoms of depression in this paragraph are essentially different from the general "unhappy" and have obvious characteristics. Generally speaking, there are three main symptoms, namely depression, mental retardation and exercise inhibition. Depression is unhappiness, always sadness and even pessimism and despair. Lin Daiyu, who frowns and sighs all day and tears easily in A Dream of Red Mansions, is a typical example. Slow thinking means that you feel that your brain is not working, you can't remember things, and you have difficulty thinking. The patient felt empty and stupid. Exercise inhibition means not being active and being lazy all over. Walk slowly, talk less and so on. Seriously, you may not be able to eat, move or take care of yourself. Other symptoms with the above typical symptoms are rare. Many patients have only one or two of them, and the severity varies from person to person. Depression, anxiety, loss of interest, lack of energy, pessimism and low self-evaluation are all common symptoms of depression, and sometimes it is difficult to distinguish them from general short-term bad emotions. Here is a simple way to introduce you: if the above discomfort is more serious in the morning and partially relieved in the afternoon or evening, then you are more likely to suffer from depression. This is called the rhythm change of depression. The most dangerous symptoms of depression are depression and pessimism. In severe cases, it is easy to have suicidal thoughts. Moreover, because the patient's thinking logic is basically normal, the success rate of suicide is also high. Suicide is one of the most dangerous symptoms of depression. According to research, the suicide rate of patients with depression is 20 times higher than that of the general population. More than half of the social suicide population may be depressed patients. Some unexplained suicides may have suffered from severe depression before their death, but they were not found in time. Because suicide only happens when the disease develops to a certain extent. Therefore, for patients with depression, early detection and early treatment are very important. Don't wait for the patient to commit suicide before thinking that he may have depression. Many people with depression want to die to relieve their pain. Patients often have thoughts and behaviors of death to end pain, pain and confusion. Somatic symptoms Depression is mainly manifested as depression, mental retardation and decreased will activity, and most cases still have various physical symptoms. (1) Depression: The basic characteristics are depression, distress and sadness, and lack of interest. I feel pessimistic and desperate, I feel very painful, and I feel that I am dying. Often used to describe one's inner experience, such as boredom and unhappiness. Typical people are depressed, heavy during the day and light at night. Often associated with anxiety. (2) Slow thinking: the process of thinking association is inhibited, the reaction is slow, and the brain consciously stops activities, which is manifested by the reduction of active speech, the obvious slowdown of speech speed, and the difficulty of thinking. Slow response, need to wait for a long time, under the influence of depression, low self-evaluation, inferiority, uselessness, worthlessness, feeling that living is meaningless, pessimistic suicide, self-blame, thinking that living is a burden, committing a big crime, having the concept of hypochondriac disease on the basis of physical discomfort, and thinking that they have an incurable disease. (3) Decreased will activity: the initiative activity is obviously reduced, and people are passive. People are unwilling to participate in activities that are of interest to the outside world and often stay alone. Life is lazy and develops into silence, which can reach the level of stupor. The most dangerous thing is repeated suicide attempts and behaviors. (4) Physical symptoms: Most patients with depression have physical and other biological symptoms, such as palpitation, chest tightness, gastrointestinal discomfort, constipation, loss of appetite and weight loss. Sleep disorders are prominent, mostly difficulty falling asleep. (5) Others: hallucinations, depersonalization, reality depersonalization, compulsion and terror symptoms may also occur during depressive episodes. Because the thinking association is obviously slowed down and the memory is decreased, it is easy to affect the cognitive function of elderly patients and produce depressive pseudodementia. Mild depression often complains of dizziness, headache, fatigue and insomnia, which is easily misdiagnosed as neurasthenia. The latter has certain psychological and social factors before the onset, such as long-term tension and excessive brain use. Emotions are mainly anxiety and fragility. The main clinical manifestations are emotional symptoms such as mental fatigue, nervousness, annoyance and irritability related to mental excitement, as well as physiological dysfunction symptoms such as muscle tension pain and sleep disorder. Good insight, passive symptoms, eager to seek treatment. Depression is mainly manifested as depression, accompanied by biological symptoms such as slow thinking, inferiority, self-guilt, and wanting to die (such as day and night mood, loss of appetite, and loss of libido). ). Self-knowledge is often lost, and it can be recognized without actively seeking treatment. Recessive depression is an atypical depression, which is mainly manifested by repeated or persistent physical discomfort and autonomic symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, palpitation, chest tightness, shortness of breath, numbness of limbs, nausea and vomiting. Depression is often masked by physical symptoms, so it is also called depression allele. Most patients go to other departments instead of psychiatry. Physical examination and auxiliary examination often have no positive manifestations and are easily misdiagnosed as neurosis or other physical diseases. Symptomatic treatment is generally ineffective, and antidepressant treatment is effective. Early symptoms 1. The degree of depression varies, from mild bad mood to sadness, pessimism and despair. Patients feel heavy, life is boring, unhappy, unhappy, miserable and unable to extricate themselves. Some patients may also be anxious, excitable and nervous. 2. Losing interest is one of the common symptoms of patients with depression. Lost the enthusiasm and fun of life and work in the past, and lost interest in anything. I don't feel happy with my family, I don't care about my past hobbies, I often live alone, alienate my relatives and friends, and avoid socializing. Patients often complain of "no feelings", "emotional numbness" and "unhappy". Energy loss, fatigue, washing, dressing and other small things in life are all difficult and difficult. Patients often use "nervous breakdown" and "frustrated ball" to describe their illness. 4. Low self-evaluation: Patients tend to belittle their abilities too much and treat their present, past and future with a critical, negative and negative attitude. This is neither good nor right. They say they are useless and their future is dark. Strong sense of self-blame, guilt, uselessness, worthlessness and helplessness. In severe cases, the concepts of self-guilt and hypochondriasis may appear. 5. The patients are obviously, persistently and generally depressed, with difficulty in concentration, memory loss, dull brain, blocked thinking and slow action, but some patients show anxiety, tension and agitation. 6. negative pessimism: I feel very painful, pessimistic and desperate. I feel that life is a burden, and it is not worth nostalgia. Seeking liberation by death will produce strong suicidal thoughts and behaviors. 7. Physical or biological symptoms: Patients with depression often have biological symptoms such as loss of appetite, weight loss, sleep disorder, sexual dysfunction, and day and night mood swings, which are very common, but not in every case. 8. Loss of appetite and weight loss: Most patients have symptoms of loss of appetite and poor appetite, and delicious food is no longer attractive. Patients who don't think about tea or rice or eat tasteless food are often accompanied by weight loss. 9. Sexual dysfunction: sexual desire may decrease in the early stage of the disease, impotence may occur in men, and female patients lack sexual attraction. 10. Sleep disorder: A typical sleep disorder is to wake up early, 2-3 hours earlier than usual, and then stop falling asleep and fall into a sad atmosphere. 1 1. Diurnal change: The patient's mood changes from day to night. Fall into depression in the morning or morning, get better in the afternoon or evening, and be able to have a short conversation and eat. The incidence of diurnal variation is about 50%.