Premature babies, also known as immature babies, refer to newborn babies with gestational age less than 37 weeks, weight less than 2500 grams and body length less than 45 cm. Nerve cells in fetal brain began to proliferate from10 to18 weeks, and the proliferation period was 25 weeks to the first 6 months after birth. After 6 months, the proliferation rate slowed down obviously, mainly because the volume of nerve cells increased. One of the characteristics of brain cell development is that cell proliferation is completed at one time, and it is irreparable to miss this opportunity. Premature infants are too young, and the nervous system must be stunted, which may have an impact on intellectual development in the future. However, if the date of premature delivery is not very early, strengthen postpartum care, especially scientific feeding, because nerve cells can fully develop half a year after delivery, and the intelligence of such premature babies will not be problematic. Therefore, for premature infants, the influence of nervous system is definitely there, but as long as they pay attention to reasonable feeding and supplement adequate nutrition, their intelligence can still reach a higher level.