The administrative divisions of the Han dynasty were based on counties and countries, so local official schools were called county Chinese studies. As far as time is concerned, the establishment of County Sinology and imperial academy was in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and historical materials did not clearly record which one was the former. However, according to historical data, it can be generally concluded that the prosperity of county Chinese studies is in the forefront. According to the official biography of Hanshu, during the reign of Emperor Jingdi, Wen Weng was the prefect of Shu County, which was a remote and barbaric place, and Wen Weng began to study in the county. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "made all counties and countries in the world set up school officials". There are two measures to promote learning in Wen Weng: First, more than ten people, such as cutie, an "enlightened and talented" county official, were personally selected and sent to the capital at the expense of the government to obtain doctoral degrees or study laws and regulations. Come back from school and give a high position. Second, the training officer is in Chengdu, recruiting disciples from all counties as training officer disciples, but they are stubborn. The highest supplement is the county officer, followed by filial piety. According to the second scale, Yu Yingshi thinks that the establishment of imperial academy is based on the scale of Wen Weng county school, so the establishment of imperial academy is later than the prosperity of county Chinese studies.

Wen Weng advocates learning and Liang Wudi advocates it. All countries and counties in the world have been affected, and local officials have gradually begun to pay attention to the establishment of academic officials. Han Yanshou is the satrap of Yingchuan, and wherever he goes, he will hire wise men, treat him with courtesy and train academic officials. He Wu, a native of Yangzhou, is famous for his knowledge. Confucianism prevailed in the Eastern Han Dynasty, from emperors to county officials, all of them were Confucian scholars, so they paid attention to learning officials when they were in office. County schools have been widely established, such as Kou Xun in Runan, Qin Peng in Yang Shan, Fugong in Changshan, Zhao Qi in Pishi, Kong Rong in Beihai, Jong Li in Danyang, Weisa in Guiyang, Yingfeng in Wuling, Baode in Nanyang and Renyan in Wuwei. According to research, there were 39 county-owned schools in the Han Dynasty, most of which were established in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Traditional Chinese studies in 39 counties are distributed in 13 secretariat of history, among which Yangzhou, Yanzhou, Yizhou and Jingzhou are the most prosperous, and six counties and countries under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou secretariat of history have established schools. The teaching content of county sinology is not clearly recorded in the history books, but with the establishment of the exclusive position of Confucianism, its teaching content is bound to be consistent with that of imperial academy, and it is mainly based on Confucian classics.

The teachers of county Chinese studies are far behind imperial academy. Imperial academy, Shi Jing selects doctors from all over the country to "learn from the old and learn from the new"; However, local counties, especially remote counties, are relatively short of teachers. When Wen Weng was in Shu County, he had to be funded by the government to send people to study in the clinic, and then he returned to the county to undertake certain educational responsibilities. Until Yuan Di's time, "there was a history of five classics and a hundred stones in counties", and in the third year of Emperor Yuanping, a "local school system order" was promulgated to provide teachers for them. "There are schools in the county, schools in the county, and teachers in the school; The embarrassment of the countryside is gathered in the order, and the order is the teacher who sets up the filial piety. " Regarding the history of death, Qu Tuiyuan's Notes on the Official List of Past Dynasties explained that "he seems to be an administrative post and a professor of Confucian classics", while Ji Yun's Notes on the Official List of Past Dynasties quoted from the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "The history of Zeng Wujing and Baishi is different from Confucian classics. Wen Weng chose more than ten people, including Zhang Shu, a county beadle, and sent them to Beijing. He was a doctor by profession and a scholar. Although a petty official can study as a doctor, the history of the Five Classics in counties and counties is relatively close, so it can be seen that the death history and teachers are in charge of the education in counties and counties, and the salary is one-sixth of that of a doctor. If the petty officials who choose doctors in Shu county are mainly officers, the educational function is not obvious; Then it is clear that the position of teacher is responsible for the management of the school and the teaching of classics. In addition, "county literature" is also common in history. Gai Kuanrao regards Ming Classics as county literature and Lang. There is no doubt that "Governing the Spring and Autumn Annals is county literature". Han Yanshou is a county literature, and Wang Zun was once a county literature official. Qu Tuiyuan's "Brief Explanation of Official Tables in Past Dynasties": "Most of the celebrities in the Han Dynasty were county magistrates, and their official positions and ranks were unknown. During the period of Emperor Gai Wu, all counties and countries in the world had school officials, and county documents were school administration. Some of the Han steles are called county literature, and some are called county literature. It seems that the names are different. " Lv Simian pointed out: "The backwardness of China literature has a lot to do with the education in this county." In the Han and Wei Dynasties, RoyceWong said, "Fu Wen is also the head of human relations and the foundation of great religion. "Visible county literature, teaching in the county. Ji Yun put forward that "Dr. Gai was the official at that time, and literature was the official in county studies", and thought that literature was equivalent to local doctors. It is also possible to move from literature to doctor. Kuang Heng turned from ordinary literature to a doctor. This shows that County Sinology and Central imperial academy are not isolated, but talented people. Because of this, county traditional Chinese studies can be said to be one of the important sources of living water in imperial academy.

If students pass the exam, they will enter the official career, mainly serving as central officials, such as Lang, literary anecdote, Prince Scheeren, etc. And then transfer to other positions according to political achievements. However, the center position is limited. With the increase of the number of Taiwanese students, it is impossible for Taiwanese students who don't want to go home empty-handed to wait in line outside the limited position. According to the biography of Yi Min in the Later Han Dynasty, Hongliang once raised pigs in Shanglinyuan after graduating from business. By the Han Dynasty, the checkpoint system was complete, and students could also be appointed as officials through letters, checkpoints and summoning. According to the biography of Han Zhang Tang, Zhang Tang decided to go to prison. "If you want to enrich the ancient meaning, please ask your doctoral disciples to study the Book of History and the Spring and Autumn Annals, make up the history of Tingwei, and level the prison law." It is worth noting that a group of people who are unwilling to advance with their native land voluntarily return to their hometowns to teach after graduation in imperial academy. They pay little attention to their students, show filial piety and honesty, and even set up an exquisite house as professors. Hundreds of people often come from afar. Cheng was educated in Chang 'an, studied Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, accumulated more than ten years, and returned to his hometown to teach. Moreover, many students are scholars who are quoted by counties and countries to understand the classics. It can be inferred from the above reasons that a large number of Taiwan Province students actually returned to the county seat as officials or professors after graduation. If it is an official, pay attention to education and ensure the development of county Chinese studies from the policy; If they teach, they will give lectures and teach, ensure the teaching level of county-level Chinese studies from the cultural quality, and promote the development of county-level Chinese studies. Therefore, it can be said that imperial academy is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of county Chinese studies.

If imperial academy is characterized by the integration of politics and learning, then county Chinese studies can better reflect this feature. County sinology has two main tasks: first, to strengthen enlightenment and change customs; The second is to cultivate talents and study hard. The latter often serves the former, so most people who really want to learn go to imperial academy or go to private schools for master's degree. Zhai Mao said that "all sentient beings gather in the sea", which is a situation in which people from all over the world gather in the capital. But as Zhao Yi analyzed in Qing Dynasty:

Beggars were destroyed by Qin, and there were no books in the world, but Confucianism. Since Emperor Wu began to use Confucianism, he has set up a doctor of the Five Classics as his disciple. Therefore, Xuan Di continues to increase. Therefore, Shi, Meng, He Jing's Yi, Ouyang, Xiao Xiahou's Shu, Qi, Lu and Han's Poems, Pu Qing (qing pu's mistake), Li, Yan, Yan's Ram Spring and Autumn Annals, Qiu Jianggong's Gu Liang Spring and Autumn Annals are all in Taitai. ..... At that time, although Gaixue had been established in the county ... However, the masters specializing in benevolence and righteousness were thriving. Therefore, all scholars have to swim among too many scholars. After the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, hundreds of students, professors and disciples, were recorded under Confucianism every night, so they learned all over the world.

It can be seen that the level and scale of Chinese studies in local counties are far less than that in imperial academy. We can't overestimate the role of local county Chinese studies in talent training.

Source: On the Relationship between Imperial College in Han Dynasty and County Traditional Chinese Studies and Private Schools.