At present, fossils found in Qujiang biota include plants, charophytes, sporopollen, gastropods, bivalves, ostracods, insects, ostracods, reptiles and dinosaur eggs. See Table 7-3 for details. There are descriptions behind all kinds of fossils.
Table 7-3 Brief List of Late Cretaceous Fossils in Zhejiang (Qujiang Group+Tongxiang Formation)
sequential
sequential
sequential
sequential
plant
Pseudo-stone lotus-sequoia combination.
This combination was temporarily established for this comparative study. The late Cretaceous plant fossils in Zhejiang mainly occur in the Zhongdai Formation and Jinhua Formation in northwest Zhejiang, the middle and upper fangyan Formation and Xiao Xiong Formation in southeast Zhejiang. The main molecules are: Schistosoma japonicum. Small butterfly, small butterfly, big butterfly, big butterfly, short butterfly. , B. reference obe-sum, B. reference Ningshi, Pagiophyllum sp. Cladosporium. Among them, pseudofrennelopsis(Changlingia) is the characteristic molecule of this combination.
Pseudoorenopsis (changlingia) Thoristoma was first discovered in Quantou Formation and Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Plain, and coexisted with some angiosperms. Its age should belong to the early Late Cretaceous, so the flora combination is suitable as a part of the Late Cretaceous biota.
2. Charophyta
Late Cretaceous charophyte fossils in this area are only found in Jinhua Formation, Quxian Formation and Tongxiang Formation in northwest Zhejiang. According to Jiang Weisan's research, three combination zones are established from bottom to top:
(1) No Echinococcus-Echinococcus intermedia assemblage zone
Fossils are produced in Jinhua Formation, and the important molecules are: Obtusochara cylindrica, Mesochara symmetrica, Euaclisto-chara mundula, etc. Are common molecules in China in the Late Cretaceous.
(2) Charophyta Anlu-Charophyta Songliao var. Heilongjiang. Nongan people combination zone.
Fossils are found in Quxian Formation in Hangjiahu area of northwest Zhejiang, with monotonous species and obvious characteristics. Generally speaking, it is composed of two types: the first is poro chara anluensis (P. Jiangshanensis), a macromolecule of Porochara family, which is an indicator species widely distributed in late Cretaceous strata in South China. The known occurrence horizons are Gonganzhai Formation in the east of Jianghan Basin, Mankuanhe Formation in Yunnan, Daijiaping Formation in Hunan and Chishan Formation in Jiangsu. The other is Charophyta Songliao, which is common in late Cretaceous strata in China, such as Qingshankou Formation to Yao Jia Formation in Songliao Basin and Chishan Formation in Jiangsu Province.
(3) Granmbastichara Yuntaishan -Hornichara Prolixa composite belt.
According to the drilling data, fossils are produced in Tongxiang Formation in Hangjiahu area of northwest Zhejiang. The assemblage characteristics are basically similar to those of Taizhou Formation in Jiangsu Province, belonging to the late Late Cretaceous.
3. Sporopollen
The late Cretaceous sporopollen fossils in this area can be used to establish the summer spore-sporopollen assemblage.
The sporopollen assemblage was produced in the late Cretaceous strata, and its main characteristics are a large number of summer spores, sporopollen and angiosperm pollen assemblage that began to flourish. Pteridophytes account for 24% ~ 60% of the total number of combinations, gymnosperms account for 12% ~ 60% of the total number of combinations, and angiosperms account for 4% ~ 32% of the total number of combinations. The contents of the three are almost the same in some areas, and the porous xylospores in pteridophytes have reached an extremely prosperous stage in this combination. The rich content of various types is dominant, accounting for 24% ~ 56% of the total number of combinations, and other fern spores are accompanied by a small number of Deltoidospora, Gabonis-potis, Obtusisporis, Lyeopodiumsporites, Gleicheniidi, Lyodiumsporites and Cyathidites. Toroisporis, Cingulitisporites, Polycingulatisporites, Psiloschizosporis, Echinatisporis, Osmund-acidites, Pterisisporites, verrut scar spores are rare. In this combination, the content of spore-like pollen and exceptional pollen, which were extremely rich in previous sporopollen combinations, decreased significantly, with the former accounting for 1% ~ 15% of the total combination and the latter accounting for 0% ~ 20% of the total combination. On the contrary, there are a variety of abundant sporopollen combinations, accounting for about 5% ~ 28% of the total number of combinations, followed by a small number of nonporous sporopollen, phosphorus sporopollen, Aralia japonica sporopollen, Pinus taiwanensis sporopollen, cycads, Ginkgo biloba, monosulfates, Rugubivessiculites, Pinuspollenites, Parciz-porites and other angiosperms, and this is the sporopollen. It is also the biggest difference. In this combination, angiosperm pollen is mainly three-channel and three-hole channel types, followed by three-hole and porous types. Including three-hole pollen, three-hole pollen, net three-hole pollen, willow pollen, oak leaf pollen, plum pollen, magnolia pollen, three-hole pollen, holly pollen, myrtle pollen, Lonicera japonica pollen, Sapindus mukoraiensis pollen, Proteacidites, Beaupreaidites, litmus pollen, chenopodiopol-lis and Cranwellia, Ulmipollenites, which are widely distributed in the Cenozoic strata of Mancicorpus, are common in this assemblage, but the content is generally not too high, which can be as high as 29% in some areas of sporopollen assemblage.
The main types of sporopollen fossils in this assemblage are the common molecules in the Late Cretaceous sporopollen assemblage in China and parts of the northern hemisphere. According to the assemblage characteristics, the assemblage is basically similar to the sporopollen assemblage of Sanshui Formation and Dalangshan Formation in Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province, and is also very close to the sporopollen assemblage of Yuyang Formation in Jianghan Basin and Mingshui Formation in Songliao Basin.
4. Bivalves
The bivalve fossils found in late Cretaceous in Zhejiang Province are rare, with monotonous genera and species and poor preservation. Only Jinhua Formation in northwest Zhejiang has a small amount of output, including pseudojellyfish. , Shandong coccidia, Shandong ginseng and sour ginseng, etc.
In the late Cretaceous, bivalves were single in species and not widely distributed, mainly pseudoconch and Coccidium.
Pseudoclastic rocks once occurred in Erlian Formation in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, Nenjiang Formation, Sifangtai Formation and Mingshui Formation in Songliao Plain, Tujingzi Formation in Hebei, Zhumabao Formation in Shanxi, Wangshi Formation in Shandong, Chishan Formation in southern Jiangsu, Taizhou Formation in northern Jiangsu, Dong Tang Formation in Hunan, and also in the above-ground Cretaceous in Mongolia, Russia and Thailand.
Shandong Sphacrium shantungense was first discovered in the late Cretaceous Wang Formation in Shandong, and then the same name genera and species were found in Taizhou Formation in Jiangsu, Dong Tang Formation in Hunan and Sifangtai Formation in Jilin.
5. Ye Zhijie
Late Cretaceous ostracods in this area are only found in Jinhua Formation of Qujiang Group in the northwest of Zhejiang Province, and the main genera and species are: Tenuestheria tenuis, T.spp. and Migransia spp. Daphnia gracilis, Daphnia intermedia and Daphnia China. Camellia chrysantha and so on. The Chinese rhinoceros was often born with the important molecules of the OSTRACODA of Songhua River in the Late Cretaceous, belonging to Halocystia. Some researchers believe that some of the main molecules of this combination are in the early or early or middle stage of the late Cretaceous. In this book, it is proposed to temporarily establish a combination of soft nematodes, zhe nematodes and Hua nematodes.
6. Ostracoda
Late Cretaceous ostracods in this area only occur in Jinhua Formation, Quxian Formation and Tongxiang Formation in northwest Zhejiang, and in the middle and upper member of Nanyan Formation in southeast Zhejiang. Three OSTRACODA combinations can be established from top to bottom, as described below.
(1) Mongolian-Kandona combination
The representative horizon of this assemblage is Jinhua Formation. In addition, there is also a small amount of output in the upper member of fangyan formation in Ningbo basin, southeast Zhejiang Province. The main genera and species are: Mongolian Tetrix, Long-winged Tetrix, Long-winged Tetrix, Aeruginosa Tetrix, Long-winged Tetrix, Symmetry Tetrix, Long-winged Tetrix, Carpinidae (CYPRINIDAE), Rhinoceros longyou, Lanxi Tetrix, and Green-winged Tetrix. Advenocypris sp., Cryptomeria fortunei, Cryptomeria fortunei, etc. The characteristic molecule of the above combination, Mongolocypris, appears alone or in layers, which is absolutely dominant. As mentioned earlier, Mongolocypris is common in the Upper Cretaceous. Although the number of Taliba is small and it is weak in the coronal process of the crustal front, it began in the early Late Cretaceous, flourished in the late Late Cretaceous and disappeared in the Paleocene. Its geological history is short, and it is widely distributed in Upper Cretaceous in China. This is a landmark fossil in the late Cretaceous.
(2) Combination of Taliba-Tangentia-Condoni.
The representative horizon of this assemblage is Quxian Formation, and the main ostracods are: Zhejiang Parasitozoa, Guxian Parasitozoa, Candoniella porrecat, C. condida, Cave Parasitozoa, Pond Parasitozoa and Pond Parasitozoa. Ziz-iphocypris sp., Eucheuma. , Kaitu Pan carp, etc. Among them, Talicypridea is a characteristic molecule of the Late Cretaceous, and it is often coextensive with Cypridea cavernosa * * * * Tangxiella was first discovered in Quxian Formation, and later discovered in Pukou Formation in Jiangsu and Shaxian Formation in Fujian, which seems to belong to the Late Cretaceous.
(3) CYPRINIDAE-Talichthyidae-Handia-Altani CYPRINIDAE combination.
Table 7-4 Comparison Table of Cretaceous Major Fossil Assemblages in Zhejiang Province
This assemblage is only found in Tongxiang Formation revealed by drilling in Tongxiang sag in northwest Zhejiang, and its main genera and species are: CYPRINIDAE. , Tali fish suborder species. ，Khandia spp .，Altanicypris spp .、Parailtyocypris tamida、Cyprois sphaeroi-dalis、Eucypris sp .，Cundona sp。 , Candoniella sp., Rificypris spp., Metacypris sp. The OSTRACODA of this combination is highly differentiated and has a coronoid process. Altacypris and Khandia, these genera were first discovered in Nemegt Formation of Upper Cretaceous in Mongolia, and some common genera and species also appeared in Taizhou Formation of Jiangsu, with similar horizons. This assemblage can be roughly compared with the Ping Ling section of Shanghu Formation at the top of Nanxiong Formation in Guangdong Province, and its age should belong to the late Late Cretaceous.
7. Reptiles and dinosaur eggs
Fossils such as reptile teeth, broken bones and dinosaur eggs have been found in Quxian Formation of Jinqu Basin in northwest Zhejiang. There are two types of dinosaur eggs: Paraspheroolithus cf. irenensis (double-round egg) and Faveoloolithus (honeycomb egg), and the fossil spawning age belongs to the late Cretaceous.
The Chilean dinosaur in Zhejiang Province was discovered in the upper member of the Middle Belt Formation in Longyou, Zhejiang Province in 1970s. Appraisers pointed out that "Gyllenhaal dragon was produced in two eras at present", namely, the late Early Cretaceous or the early Late Cretaceous.
It is worth mentioning that the pterodactyl fossil Zhejiang pterodactyl (Zhejiang pterodactyl-us linhaiensis) was found in the tuff of Aoli Xiao Xiong Formation in Shangpan Town, Linhai City, Zhejiang Province. Appraisers pointed out that before 1988, there were only two genera of pterodactyl in the world: pterodactyl and Nocturnal, and their genera and species all came from Thornton stage of Upper Cretaceous in Kansas, USA. According to the isotopic age of surrounding rock of pterosaur fossils, it is slightly greater than (greater than) 8 1. 5 Ma, so the appraiser determined the age as the early and middle period of Late Cretaceous (Cai Zhengquan et al., 1994).
See Table 7-4 for the correlation of major Cretaceous fossil assemblages in Zhejiang.