Children's poetry is a branch of poetry, because it is restricted by the psychological characteristics of specific readers, so its life content, artistic conception, association and imagination, literary language and so on must conform to children's age characteristics and be loved by children. Only in this way can we play a unique role in cultivating children's good moral quality, ideological sentiment, stimulating and enriching children's imagination and thinking ability, especially in cultivating children's healthy aesthetic consciousness and artistic appreciation ability.
Second, the characteristics of children's poetry
(A) full of children's emotions
Lyricism is the fundamental way that poetry reflects life. Children's poetry is no exception. However, due to the particularity of its readers, it is required that the emotion of poetry must come from the depths of children's hearts and vividly convey children's good feelings, good wishes and interesting feelings, in order to arouse the emotional power of young readers. For example, Ye Sheng's Xia Ge is a poem full of childlike passion, depicting the green in summer. The poet compared summer to a green child who loves to climb poles, and sincerely praised him for bringing us "how lovely green!" " On the surface, the poet is praising the green vitality of nature, but in fact, he is praising "students who are diligent in studying for the four modernizations of the motherland, …" These students are the real green scenery in summer. In this way, children can not only be influenced by beauty, but also increase their thirst for knowledge, love for life and sense of responsibility for society.
Children's emotions expressed in children's poems are often full of children's interests, which not only can make children get care and pleasure from them, but also can bring adult readers back to the scene of budding childlike innocence and relive their childhood dreams. For example, the work "Fourteen Years Old, Blue Harbor" (Knee Yu Xu), which won the "Chen Bochui Children's Literature Award", describes the children of this special age's understanding of love, worry and innocence, personality differences and desires in their hearts, as well as their ideals and adventurous spirit. Their emotional expression is natural, appropriate, vivid and interesting. There is such a poem: "It is brave to say that boys are brave, even if bullets fly, they don't blink;" It is really timid to say that girls are timid, and you can see bean worms jumping from a distance. I hope there will be more exclamation points to impress adults, but the question mark in my mind has never been straight. Weird questions often embarrass teachers. ..... "In his humorous description, the poet vented children's unique inner world and emotional activities, making people feel that this is what lively and happy children have, full of children's interest, beyond words.
It should be noted that children's interest in children's poetry is an internal factor in children's life, and only children's poets can find and vividly describe it, rather than a blunt and external component.
(B) children's rich imagination
Children are the most imaginative and associative. They always use their creative imagination to understand and explain everything in the world. In their imaginary poetic world, flowers will laugh, birds will sing, grass will jump and fish will say. Therefore, children's poetry must create a beautiful artistic conception that is in line with children's psychology and rich in imagination, show children's innocence and childlike interest, let children spread their imagination wings and feel the theme of poetry in a wonderful and colorful world. This requires children's poetry to talk to children's hearts in the imaginary world. For example, Shao Yanxiang's children's poem "Little Fairy Tale": "On the south side of the cloud,/in that distant place,/a leaf says: We want to/bloom like flowers. /A group of flowers said: We want to fly like birds. /A group of peacocks said: We should grow like trees. At the beginning of the poem, young readers are led from the reality to the imaginary "distant place", and the beautiful images such as "foliage flower", "small butterfly" and "peacock fir" are recreated in imagination, and rich reverie is launched. However, the poet's intention is not only here, but also to continue to spread the wings of imagination with the children and experience the poetic place from things and people. "Far Away" is "Daijia Village", "Flowers, butterflies and peacocks have all become little girls", and then it returns to reality from the imaginary world. In this reality, the beautiful image of Dai's little girl needs further association and aesthetic enjoyment.
(3) the idea is novel and ingenious
The emotion expressed in children's poems is far less profound than that expressed in adult poems, which is determined by children's emotional characteristics. How to express interest on a not very broad emotional level and create a unique expression effect? This mainly depends on the novelty and ingenuity of creativity. This conception, which depends on the accumulation of life and children's imagination, largely determines the artistic level of children's poetry. For example, Ren Rongrong's "Daddy's Teacher" is not very creative in the emotional excavation of similar themes, but it is still a model of similar themes. The secret is that the author has created a novel and ingenious conception mode and achieved a unique expression effect. Another example is Lan Shu's "Insect Birds": "I put my mother's washed socks on the rope one by one,/the rope became a multi-legged bug,/and crawled around in the sun. /I put my sister's handkerchief on the rope one by one,/The rope turned into a flock of egrets,/Flying in the breeze, flying. " Bold imagination on the basis of life, relying on the ingenious conception of this imagination, makes the ordinary life phenomenon become a kind of children's magic and infinite beauty.
(D) Simple and concise language
Poetry is the art of language. Profound thoughts and vivid images can only become poems if they are expressed in concise, vivid and vivid language. Children's poetry should provide excellent conditions for children to learn and master the language, so that children can learn the language in a beautiful language environment, enrich vocabulary, improve their ability to master and appreciate the language, and enjoy beauty at the same time. For example, in Liu Ruomin's Song of the Sea, the sea is sleeping: "The wind makes no noise,/the waves don't laugh. /Late at night,/the sea went to bed. /She is holding the bright moon,/She is carrying the stars. /That gentle tidal sound,/It's its sleeping snoring. " In a few words, the quiet and serene sea is presented to the readers, and the graceful gesture of the "mother" of the sea is vividly described with extremely accurate words such as "hug", "hug" and "hit" and anthropomorphic methods. Reciting such poems often can not only improve children's aesthetic ability, but also learn from them and improve children's ability to master and appreciate the language.
In the beautiful language of children's poetry, in addition to the accurate and appropriate tempering of words, the sound rhythm of poetry should be musical, that is, the rhyme of poetry should have aesthetic effect. Mr. Zhu Guangqian, an aesthetic expert, said: "The rhythm of sound is the most direct expression of emotion, and literary significance is the second." Artistic conception, which cannot be expressed by literary meaning, can often be expressed by sound rhythm. "("Selected Works of Zhu Guangqian's Aesthetic Literature Papers ")
The musicality of children's poetry is mainly manifested in rhyme and rhythm. Through the change of rhyme and the patchwork of sentence patterns, children of different ages are taken into account, and at the same time, the whole poem has a strong sense of music and rhythm, forming a neat aesthetic feeling. The younger the children, the more neat the rhyme of the children's poems they read. For example, "Little Bear Crossing the Bridge" (Jiang) for young children ends with the rhyme "Ao"; The distinct sense of rhythm in Wang An's "Di Li, Di Li" and Lu Bing's "Hole in the Chin" give people a bright feeling of reading poetry like singing, which makes children feel beautiful while excited.
(E) the artistic conception of childlike beauty
The combination of emotion and image constitutes the artistic conception of poetry. Children's poetry should also deliberately create artistic conception, aiming at creating an artistic conception of childish beauty. People often say "scene blending", that is, the feelings of poetry should be attached to images. Only by expressing the true children's feelings implicitly through images, rather than shouting them out abstractly, can this kind of children's poetry have a childlike and beautiful artistic conception and impress children. For example, Liu Ruomin's Moon: "The moon in the sky is round and round,/shining like a jade plate in the sea. /A group of fish swam over,/The jade plate broke into two or three pieces. /The fish ran away in fear,/all the way to the rock. /Looking back,/The moon is still round. " In the static beauty of the moon shining on the sea, through the dynamic addition of fish's "escape" and "look", a group of small fish are shaped in ingenious ideas, which are both fairy tale and childlike.
Thirdly, the classification of children's poetry.
On the classification of categories, children's poems are similar to ordinary poems and can be classified from different angles. From the use of means of expression, it can be divided into lyric poetry and narrative poetry. From the perspective of rhyme and line, it can be divided into two categories: rhythmic poetry and prose poetry. However, due to the wide coverage of children's poetry, other styles and contents of children's literature are often included in the shell of poetry. Therefore, children's poems can be divided into fairy tale poems, fable poems, science poems, story poems, satirical poems, painting poems and so on. The following are the main forms of different types of children's poems:
lyrics
Lyric poetry is a literary style in which the author directly expresses his inner thoughts and feelings in the tone of the protagonist and forms images. Generally speaking, this kind of poetry does not express the mind according to the actions or stories of the characters, nor does it completely describe the characters, but directly reveals the soul of the lyric hero, with obvious self-color. Adolescent children are more inclined to this literary style with the most lyrical personality. For example, Let's paddle, Ke Yan's My Grandpa, Tang Qi's Stream, Yang's Home and I Watch the Wind. , are the favorite lyrics of children readers.
(B) Narrative poetry
Narrative poetry is a literary style that uses the language of poetry to express the relationship between characters or events through specific life scenes, create beautiful artistic conception and truly express emotions.
Narrative poems mostly rely on the plot or characters to start the preface, but it does not necessarily require the completeness of the plot. The plot structure allows a big jump, which is to express people and things with strong poetry. The famous poet Guo Xiaochuan once said that "strangeness, beauty and emotion" are "what a good narrative poem needs" because children like to read narrative poems with characters and plots. "Strange" refers to the ingenious plot arrangement in narrative poems; "Beauty" means that poetry should form a beautiful artistic conception, with concise language and vivid image; "Emotion" means that poetry is full of emotion and interest. Li Ji's A Boy on Three Sides, Ren Rongrong's Dad's Teacher, The Secret of Ke Yan's Hat and Jin Jin's The Good Hunter on Tianmu Mountain are all representative works of narrative poetry.
(3) Fairy tales
Fairy tale poetry is a work that tells fairy tale (or legend) stories full of fantasy and exaggeration in the form of poetry. It is a combination of fairy tales and poems. Fairy tale poetry is usually regarded as a unique style of children's poetry. At the same time, it is a popular literary style for preschool children and preschool children. A poet said: "I often think that poetry should be full of the fantasy color of fairy tales, and I often think that the fantasy fairy tale world should have the meaning of poetry." I love fairy tales, and I love fairy tales. "(Zhang Qiusheng)
Among fairy tales, there are fairy tales based on folk fairy tales and folklore, such as Ruan's The Golden Conch and Xiong Saisheng's Ma Lianhua. There are also fairy tales based on real life, such as Tagore's Twilight, Ye Sheng's Adventures in the Bamboo Forest and Xi Yu Xu's Fairy Tales in the Forest.
(4) Fable poetry
Allegory poetry, also known as poetic fable, is characterized by vivid implication and thought-provoking (philosophy or lesson), and is a poem narrated in the form of fable. /kloc-France's La Fontaine in the 0/7th century and Russia's krylov in the 0/9th century both wrote a large number of fable poems which were deeply loved by children. For example, China contemporary writer Gao Hongbo's Fly on the Train and Snail Associated with Zhang Qiusheng are both representative works.
5 satire
Satire is a humorous children's poem, which suggests and criticizes some unhealthy phenomena in children's lives by metaphor and exaggeration, and guides children to introspect. This kind of poem either directly describes the child's wrong behavior and consequences, or mentions one or two shortcomings of the child, or deliberately exaggerates the child's bad habits and ridiculous endings, so that the child can see himself in a smile and be inspired and alert. For example, Ren Rongrong's satirical poem "Dress for a Strong Man" depicts the slowness of dressing for a strong man in an extremely exaggerated way: getting up in the morning and dressing until evening. Ironically, some children's habit of playing while doing things.
There are obvious differences between children's satirical poems and general satirical poems. The satirical object in children's poems is children, so most of them are well-meaning, euphemistic and mild satire. It is different from ordinary satirical poems, and it is mostly aimed at some abnormal phenomena in social life, some people's misdeeds or the acrimony of the enemy. It is incisive and even has no room for manoeuvre.
(6) Prose poetry
Prose poetry is a style between poetry and prose, which has the artistic conception of poetry and the form of prose. It pays attention to the rhythm of nature and the beauty of music. It is short and often full of philosophy. Like prose, it doesn't branch or rhyme. For example, Guo Feng's "Let's Sing White Clouds, Galaxy ..." is a group of exquisite prose poems. In addition, Tagore, a great Indian poet, also wrote many excellent children's prose poems, such as Golden Flower, Paper Boat, School of Flowers, When I Give You Colored Toys and so on.
(7) Science Poetry
Sci-tech poetry refers to sci-tech literary works written in the form of poetry. It is characterized by expressing scientific spirit, scientific phenomena and scientific laws. For example, In the Sun, Defending the Weasel by Li and Sister in the Sun are all excellent works.
(8) Reciting poems
It is characterized by being suitable for children to recite. In order to meet the needs of reciting, more attention is paid to colloquialism in vocabulary use and sentence structure. Such as Nostalgia, Sorry Dad by Gao Hongbo, Love Life by LULU, Poem Recitation by Teng, Song of Young Heroes, Song of Hope, etc.
(9) Painting and Poetry
Inscription poem is a kind of children's poem written for pictures (or cartoons) suitable for children to enjoy. The famous poet Ke Yan's poems on paintings are among them.
Fourth, the difference between children's poems and children's songs.
Children's poetry and children's songs belong to the category of children's poetry. Although both of them have the characteristics of poetry, they each have their own personality characteristics, and there are obvious differences between them.
(1) From the reader's point of view, children's songs are mainly aimed at preschool and preschool children; Children's poetry is mainly aimed at children in the middle and late school age.
(2) From the performance of the theme thought, the theme thought of children's poems is often expressed in an indirect way, which is more profound and implicit; Children's songs are often simple and easy to express their themes. For example, the children's poem "Little Brother and Kitten" and the children's song "Wash Your Hands" are both works with the theme of paying attention to hygiene, but their expressions are obviously different.
[Edit this paragraph] How to write children's poems
Simile method-describing the characteristics of things, suitable for describing physical objects and natural scenery.
"A" seems to be a direct metaphor of "B"