Exploration and practice of Orff's early childhood music education-transferred from teacher Chen.
2 1 century will be an era of more intense competition, and everything and individuals will face the challenge of survival of the fittest and the test of natural selection. Looking at the competition in all fields of society, in the final analysis, it is still a contest of talents. If people want to have an advantage in the competition, they must take good quality and extraordinary ability as the premise. However, people's quality and ability are not innate, and the cultivation and cultivation after tomorrow are often the key to success. Therefore, it has become a long-term goal of China's education reform to comprehensively promote quality education and pay attention to improving comprehensive ability.
Modern brain science research has confirmed that in the whole life process of human beings, the infant stage of 0-3 years old is the period with the fastest development and the strongest plasticity of the human brain, and it is also the key period for forming personality, developing intelligence, learning thinking and developing potential. Early rich sensory stimulation and exercise experience can improve the structure and function of brain neural pathways, and have a lifelong impact on the formation of various learning abilities in the future and the all-round development of each child's morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. Therefore, quality education should be advanced to the beginning of life at the age of 0-3. This is of great practical significance to improve the quality of the whole people, give full play to China's advantages in human resources and realize the strategy of sustainable development.
However, at present, the research and development topics of early education for 0-3-year-old infants in China are mostly nutrition, health care and physical and mental pleasure. Even if some early education institutions adopt Montessori teaching method, they only focus on visual and tactile sensory stimulation, and the research and practice of comprehensive sensory stimulation with hearing as the core to promote infant brain development is almost blank.
Hearing is one of the important senses of the human body, which has the special function of feeling the invisible and intangible "sound". Auditory experience can directly affect the development of the brain and promote the development of people's discrimination, imagination, thinking and creativity. Hearing, together with other senses, forms a perfect sensory system through organic coordination and complementary advantages. Therefore, it is urgent to implement auditory training on the basis of music education to make up for the lack of early education content at present. Let 0-3-year-old infants feel music in colorful early music education activities. Stimulate emotions, so as to achieve the purpose of cultivating sentiment, enlightening wisdom, cultivating quality and improving ability.
So, what kind of methods are used to implement early music education for infants aged 0-3? After 40 years of music education and teaching practice, after repeated research and exploration, the author did not hesitate to choose the German Orff music teaching method.
Orff music education is one of the most scientific, advanced and widely spread important music systems in the world. It develops people's wisdom and cultivates sound personality through music education. Orff's music teaching is based on people's musical nature and rhythm, and integrates music with language, action, singing, dance, performance, drama and other artistic forms to conduct comprehensive teaching. Pay attention to perception, participation, experience, improvisation, imagination and creation in teaching to cultivate people's collective cooperation spirit. Orff's music teaching method has been gradually recognized, accepted, studied and applied by music educators since it was introduced to China in the early 1980s. Especially in music teacher training classes or music education for preschool children (referring to children over 4 years old), it is popularized rapidly and has a wide demand. Orff's music teaching method is more suitable for beginners, and advocates starting from local culture and combining multicultural education. The United States regards Orff music education as a lifelong education from children to adults. Therefore, it is completely feasible to implement Orff's music teaching method in the early music education of infants aged 0-3. It is important to take Orff's music education thought as the guide, Orff's music teaching principles as the basis, and combine the physical and mental characteristics and acceptance ability of 0-3-year-old infants, and adopt Chinese folk music and nursery rhymes to carry out Chinese-style, younger-age teaching. After two years of research, exploration and repeated practice, I carefully designed and boldly created the classroom teaching form, teaching content and teaching method in the music enlightenment teaching for children aged 2-3, personally taught more than 150 babies, created more than 70 lesson examples, summed up a set of more effective teaching means and methods, and found a new teaching way in the early music education for children aged 0-3.
According to the design idea of integrating fun, knowledge and creativity, more than 70 classes I created can be roughly divided into the following eight types:
First, use the pleasant rhythm, feel the constant beat and musical elements, and cultivate the baby's habit of listening to songs.
In the "Body Rhythm Class", babies imitate the teacher to do various actions with beautiful music, from easy to difficult, from static to dynamic, from upper limbs to the whole body, from unarmed to holding props or musical instruments, and feel the unified beat and the strength, speed, melody and style of music in the rhythm. At the same time, cultivate the habit of concentration, reaction, memory and listening to songs carefully.
Second, learn spoken children's songs, listen to singing performances, color the paintings related to the song content, cultivate the baby's sense of rhythm and music, and stimulate the baby's interest and hobby in music.
In the "singing comprehensive class", let the baby know the contents of the lyrics by telling stories or watching real things, and then read the lyrics according to the rhythm. In the process of listening to songs repeatedly, add song performances, musical instruments and color pictures related to the content of songs, so that babies can learn to sing without interest and burden, and gradually deepen their understanding and love of songs in comprehensive training.
Third, through music games, experience and understand the knowledge of music theory and cultivate the perception of music.
In the "music game class", I designed a variety of game content, so that the baby can experience the time value comparison of beats, rhythms, phrases, fragments and notes through physical activities, thus cultivating the ability of music perception.
Fourth, guide the baby to create lyrics and trigger his creative thinking and behavior.
Every class, there must always be time and opportunity to create for the baby, under the guidance of the teacher.
Then improvise actions or lyrics to cultivate children's creativity.
Fifth, use graphics, symbols and body movements to assist, appreciate world famous songs and expand your baby's musical vision.
In the "music appreciation class", I use simple figures and symbols to express the musical form, so that the baby can express it through body movements, which not only deepens the baby's understanding of music, but also makes their emotions and artistic conception sound, thus enjoying the beauty of music.
Six, through the demonstration of teaching AIDS and musical instruments, guide the baby to know the rhythm spectrum and melody, and lay the foundation for entering the music major.
In the "instrumental music performance class", I made a rhythm card to let the baby know the rhythm spectrum through the arrangement, sub-playing, ensemble or game of musical instruments, so as to prepare for entering the music major.
Seven, through the form of drama, cultivate the baby's musical expression and collective cooperation spirit.
In the drama performance class, I explain the plot and conceive the scene, and the babies improvise in different roles, which not only exerts their personal expression, but also cultivates the ability of collective cooperation.
Eight, parents participate in classroom teaching, strengthen parent-child love-baby relationship.
Parents accompany the baby into the classroom and participate in cooperative teaching. Parents encourage, praise and appreciate the wonderful performance of the baby, and at the same time promote the formation of the baby's self-confidence and sense of accomplishment.
Orff's exploration of the teaching and research topic of younger music education, after two years of repeated practice, has achieved good results and social recognition, and basically achieved the expected training purpose in the teaching plan. The final teaching evaluation test shows that the vast majority of babies have made remarkable progress and achieved excellent results. As the parents who have the deepest experience, they are convinced of the scientificity and feasibility of this teaching method, and are deeply touched by the changes before and after the baby accepts this teaching method.
Introverted baby is cheerful;
Timid babies dare;
Lonely babies live in groups;
The shy baby is generous;
When they hear music, even in front of strangers, they can't help dancing and dancing, and they are so in tune; After listening to the prelude, they will accurately sing the children's songs they have learned, accompanied by impromptu song performances; When they hear drums with different rhythms, they will think of the footsteps of different animals, and they will show them with their body movements; When they pick up all kinds of percussion instruments and play music they have never heard before, it is so harmonious; When they hear different styles of music, they will dance yangko or disco with the rhythm of the music; Now some babies have gone to kindergarten and can smoothly integrate into the collective life, which is the fastest growing child in the class. Some babies began to learn piano, electronic organ and other musical instruments, and professional teachers expressed surprise at their good sense of rhythm, music and acceptance. Some babies have joined children's art groups at all levels, and their musical perception ability, emotional expression ability, collective cooperation ability and rehearsal ability are outstanding.
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Although Orff's young music education is loved by babies and praised by parents, there are still some shortcomings to be improved. This makes me more determined to continue the exploration and practice of Orff's young music education, and make my due contribution to comprehensively promoting quality education and cultivating a new generation of "four haves".