The law of physical and mental development of infants aged 0 ~ 3 years. Children are the pinnacle of a mother's heart, and 0 to 3 years old is a very critical period for children's development. At this time, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of children. Next, I will take you to understand the physical and mental development law of babies aged 0 to 3.
The law of physical and mental development of infants aged 0-3 1 1, the development of sensory perception ability
(1) sensory development
Newborns first experience skin feelings, such as touch, pain, temperature and so on. And then experience a keen sense of smell, taste, sight and hearing.
(2) the development of perception.
Infants can better complete hand-eye coordination actions, such as manipulating and fiddling with objects, which are all based on the comprehensive understanding of object attributes.
2. The development of memory ability
5 ~ 6 months, children can know and remember their mothers, but the time to keep them is still relatively short;
/kloc-After 0/year old, with the growth of age, the expansion of activities and the increase of knowing things, more and more things will be remembered, but this kind of memory is unconscious and lacks a clear purpose.
About 2 years old, I can consciously recall the past, but this ability is still relatively weak.
You should know that before the age of 3, children have memories, but most of these memories are unconscious and will be planned as potential memories in the future, so don't think that children know nothing. ...
3. Development of thinking ability
It takes about 18 ~ 20 years for the thinking ability to develop and mature.
0 ~ 1 year-old, preparing for the thinking mode of infants, with the ability to touch, touch, taste, see and listen, the budding thinking mode began to appear.
Eating children's hands is also an inevitable process to promote the development of thinking, so try to apply natural baby cream to your baby's hands in winter. It is recommended that Songda baby camellia oil cream is famous as "edible baby cream", even if it is eaten in the mouth.
1 ~ 3 years old means that infants have a low-level thinking form, that is, perceptual animal thinking, also known as perceptual action thinking. At this time, babies can only think when playing with certain things.
About 3 years old, on the basis of perceptual thinking, the concrete thinking of the image gradually develops, and the thinking activities of 3-6 years old gradually occupy the dominant position. Children will show great interest in role-playing, games and painting.
4. The development of imagination.
1 ~ 2 years old has poor communication skills, mainly imitating some daily life, such as putting the doll to sleep and feeding the doll.
About 3 years old, with the development of language and experience, I have been able to form simple themes, such as like role-playing, playing the picture of doctors imitating injections.
5. Pay attention to the change of characteristics
Babies about 3 months old can pay more attention to the new things they are interested in. You can watch an object stably for 5 ~ 6 months, but the duration is very short.
1 ~ 3 years old has no intention of paying attention to rapid development. 1 year and a half can concentrate for 5 ~ 8 minutes; 1 9 months old can concentrate for 8 ~ 10 minutes, 2 years old can concentrate for 1 ~ 12 minutes, and 2 and a half years old can concentrate for 10 ~ 20 minutes.
Therefore, when a child is preoccupied with something or playing, parents should not disturb it often, otherwise it will hinder the child's attention development.
6. Interpersonal relationship
Babies' interpersonal relationship is firstly parent-child relationship, secondly playmate relationship, and thirdly gradually developed group relationship. Children aged 0 to 3 mainly have parent-child relationship and playmate relationship.
Before 1 year-old, parents mainly rely on parent-child relationship. After the baby takes a bath, parents can apply a proper amount of Songda baby care camellia oil on their hands to give the baby a beautiful touch, which can enhance the emotional communication between parents and children. /kloc-after 0/year-old, I began to yearn for a one-on-one playmate relationship.
7. Self-awareness development
1 year-old, he gradually realized himself, and by the age of 3, he could gradually master himself as a social person.
At this stage of development, children will pay more attention to their belongings and never force them to share toys.
8. Emotional and emotional development
Pain, disgust and smiling reaction will appear within/0/~ 2 days after birth.
After 7 days of birth, I began to have an interested reaction.
Have a pleasant reaction in 3 ~ 6 weeks, and smile when you meet familiar faces.
Anger occurs in 4 ~ 8 weeks, often in 4 ~ 6 months, such as crying and growling when the action is blocked.
From 8 to 12 weeks, you will feel sad, often when you are separated from familiar relatives for 5 to 7 months.
Fear will appear in 3 ~ 4 months, mainly in 7 ~ 9 months when you contact strangers.
Surprise first appeared in 6 ~ 9 months, and shyness first appeared in 1 1 ~ 13 months.
9, willpower development
/kloc-before the age of 0, children will have some independent sports.
1-3-year-old parents consciously guide their children to do and not to do. At the age of 2 to 3, children will develop willpower and can control some simple behaviors, such as sitting down and waiting for dinner, and then drinking the hot water a little cooler.
10, temperament characteristics
People's temperament is related to both congenital factors and acquired environment, and corresponding education can promote the development of good temperament characteristics of infants and young children.
1 1, language development
0 ~ 1 year-old is the language generation period, and you begin to babble, understand others and speak by yourself.
1 ~ 3 years old is the initial period of language development, including vocabulary development, sentence mastery and oral expression.
12, the development period of sports ability
The first year of a baby is the development period of sports ability, including gross and fine sports.
The development of action is from the whole to the differentiated action. At first, it is the general action of the whole body, and then it is the local accurate and special action.
First move from the upper part to the lower part, that is, look up first, then bend over, turn over, sit, climb, stand and walk.
First big muscles, then small muscles, that is, head, body, limbs, and then dexterous little hands and accurate visual movements.
0-3 years old is a crucial period for a person's physical and mental development, and it is also an important period for intellectual development and the formation of personality quality. Only by understanding the characteristics and laws of children's physical and mental development can parents help their children grow better.
Law of physical and mental development of infants aged 0-3 II. General situation of physical and mental development of two-year-old infants
1, the development of cognitive ability
80% of two-year-olds can tell colors, but the correct rate is only 25%. Showing obvious color preference. Generally speaking, children's favorite colors are red, yellow, green, orange and blue. 80% children can explain the size of an object in words, and 88% children can choose the size of an object correctly.
2. Attention development
Generally speaking, 1 year and a half can concentrate for 5-8 minutes, 2 years old 10-20 minutes, 2 years old 10-20 minutes, and at the age of 3, you can pay attention to one thing for a long time and play independently.
3. The development of memory
After 2 years old, children's memory ability has improved significantly. At this time, he can recognize things that have been separated by dozens of days or months, and he can also show beautiful memories, that is, reappearance. He can recall things or objects that have been separated by a month or more.
4. Development of sports ability
The most obvious thing for a two-year-old baby is the development of sports ability, so as soon as the child's eyes are opened, it begins to make noise. At this time, I can keep one foot stable for 2-3 seconds, both feet can take off at the same time, and I can land without falling. Since then, the child has been nearly 3 years old. Generally, children take off with both feet at the same time, and they can step on the stairs alternately. Sometimes they need to hold the railing or be dragged by adults.
Children's arms and hands are getting stronger and stronger, and they can throw out some slightly heavier toys, books, sandbags and so on. And can lift and take some heavy things, such as mother's schoolbag and a thick book. The operation of objects is becoming more and more accurate. Most children have been able to put 5-6 beads on the paper in 1 minute and 5-7 balls in the bottle in 25 minutes, which shows that children have a certain speed of use.
5. Development of self-awareness.
After the age of 2, children's thoughts gradually mature and tend to be complex. At this time, adults can no longer blindly think that children don't understand anything. The most important feature is that I escaped the protection of my parents and have a strong sense of self. I'm trying to be independent. If parents don't adapt to this rapid change immediately, it will only bring frustration and frustration. If I follow him, maybe my resistance will not be too strong. In fact, it is also a gratifying thing for adults that a lovely and dependent child tries to resist. A little rebellious intention can arouse his will to truly understand and deal with contradictions in life and increase his thinking ability.
6. Social development
Although the two-year-old baby can get along well with close adults in social relations, he still can't get along with strangers or unfamiliar children of the same age, but he is very eager to make friends with them. Very interested in the absorption of language and knowledge, I often ask, "What is this? What's that? " So as to gradually absorb knowledge and new languages. At this time, if adults can push the boat with the current, the growth of children will be smoother. In terms of knowledge, adults should answer children's questions in their own roles and prepare a perfect environment for their growth.
0 ~ 3 years old baby's physical and mental development law 3 What should parents do if the baby is stunted?
1, walk slowly.
Some children may try to take the first step when they are 8 months old, but if they haven't started walking by 15 months, they will be considered as "walking late".
Even so, it doesn't mean that your child is seriously behind. He may be good at crawling, so he is not in a hurry to walk, or it may be because he has devoted all his energy to mastering another skill, such as learning to speak.
Development is often explosive. Children may develop rapidly in one field and stagnate in another.
What can you do: First, make sure that children have enough time and space to practice.
Check the child's safety protection equipment (install railings on the stairs and fix bookshelves), so that he can walk with furniture at will, and there is no safety hazard.
You can also play "Come to Mom" with him, or hold his hand and encourage him to take a step.
2. Learn to speak slowly
Although you are eager for your child to say the first word, he may be very comfortable with himself. It is normal to speak when he is close to 16 months.
Many times, a child's language ability seems to fall behind, and then you suddenly see the explosive development of his language ability.
So if your one-year-old child can't speak yet, there's no need to worry.
Maybe it's just that you are good at reading his nonverbal cues (grunts, finger gestures, etc.), and he may feel that he doesn't need to speak.
What can you do: Even if your child doesn't talk much, it doesn't mean that he can't understand you or doesn't intend to make a breakthrough.
The best way is to talk to him all day. Make eye contact and tell what you are doing, whether it's putting on shoes or preparing lunch.
It is also a good practice to help children label things. For example, in the grocery store, you can say "red apple" and then point it out to her. Through this behavior and other oral activities, such as reading books or singing children's songs, let him get in touch with new vocabulary and tell her that everything has a name.
If all else fails, pretend not to understand what her gesture means and say, "I don't understand. Do you want that bottle? "
3. Unwilling to play clapping games
In daily life, many parenting books or people around us will say that we can play clapping games with children above 1: you shoot one, I shoot one … but your children may not know the meaning of this.
Children only play interesting games. If they think the game is boring, they won't play it.
What can you do: Clapping games will help build coordinated and meticulous motor skills and spatial awareness. Even if your child doesn't get involved right away, stick to it.
Try other interactive gesture games and songs with him and find his favorite. He may not be interested in slapping each other, but he may be more interested in hide-and-seek or other high-five games. Make sure that the activities you practice with him are the ones he is most willing to participate in.
4, no utensils
Although most children can hold forks before 15 months, they lack dexterous hand-eye coordination and can't master them well.
If your child is not interested in trying, it may be because he thinks it's all right to hold food with his fingers, or she just doesn't like your protective action.
Many parents dare not let their children use tableware because they don't want to do large-scale cleaning afterwards. However, your child needs to practice and make a mess around to improve his skills.
What can you do: Give your child a spoon or fork every time you eat, even if it is not used at all or thrown on the ground by the child, you still have to give it to the child.
Then put a cushion under her chair, so that you don't have to jump up and wipe every time you leak a little food on the floor.
You can teach her how to use a spoon or fork, or even gently guide her hand to teach her. But don't force this process.
Even if she switched back to eating with her fingers, it would be much better than making her feel depressed and unwilling to use tableware.
When do you need to worry?
Generally speaking, there is nothing to worry about if children are slow to respond to milestones in action or language development. However, if he has difficulty in developing many skills, or you feel uneasy, please talk to the pediatrician and give him an evaluation.