What is IQ?
The IQ we often talk about is actually an indicator to measure the level of intelligence and the final result of various tests. Binet.Alfred. The Frenchman Alfred compiled the earliest intelligence test, which can measure and observe a person's observation, memory, analytical judgment, imagination and thinking ability.
But American psychologist Gardner mentioned in his Theory of Multiple Intelligences that IQ is our ability to solve difficult problems or create. It can't be measured uniformly, but it is a combination of multiple abilities. It can be roughly divided into seven types, including: verbal intelligence, logical mathematics intelligence, spatial intelligence, sports intelligence, musical intelligence, social intelligence and self-knowledge intelligence.
Some experts also divide human intelligence into two kinds: one is fluid intelligence and the other is crystal intelligence. Among them, fluid intelligence is greatly influenced by congenital genetic factors, mainly referring to perception, memory, operation speed and so on. They have limited room for development the day after tomorrow; Crystal intelligence is a cognitive ability based on our life experience. It includes our survival skills, language ability, association ability and so on. It will gradually improve with our exploration and discovery, and it has the possibility of unlimited development. Therefore, IQ is not single, including all aspects, most of which can be enhanced through acquired training.
Grasping Three Critical Periods to Cultivate Smart Babies
Bloom, a famous American psychologist, followed and studied nearly a thousand babies until they reached adulthood. Finally, he wrote a book about the results of his observation and research, and published The Stability and Change of Human Characteristics.
According to the conclusion in the book, children's intelligence develops fastest before the age of 5. Before the age of 4, children's intelligence level has accounted for 50% of their life, and by the age of 8, it has reached 80%. Then it was suggested that 2~3 years old is the best age for children to learn language, 4~5 years old is the best age for learning written language, and playing the piano must start from 3 years old. These critical periods correspond to children's language sensitive period, reading sensitive period and cultural sensitive period.
A. Language sensitive period (0~6 years old)
The child is in a language sensitive period, and it is also the period when she begins to babble. She can easily learn to speak her mother tongue (the language of her surroundings). Villar, a French ethnologist, once adopted a 2-year-old girl who was abandoned by the Guiyaqiu tribe. When the little girl was 22 years old, she was no different from the French around her except for her skin color. She also spoke Spanish and Portuguese. Later, she became a teacher at the University of Lyon. If the little girl is not adopted at the age of 2, she may only eat honey and speak some simple sound symbols, just like those in the Guiya tribe.
Children in early childhood have innate language sensitivity, so they can learn the language of their environment during this period. It is worth noting that if the child is over 2 years old and can't speak, he should be taken to the hospital for examination to see if there are any congenital obstacles.
B. Reading sensitive period (4.5~5.5 years old)
When children's language, senses and body movements develop gradually, their reading ability will also develop gradually. Parents can arrange a comfortable environment for their baby, help him choose suitable books, and accompany their children to gradually develop a good habit of reading.
For books at this stage, it is recommended to choose picture books with fewer words and more pictures, which is in line with children's mental development at this stage and can stimulate their language ability and imagination, but it is not recommended to show books full of words to adults or primary and secondary school students.
C. Cultural sensitive period (about 3 years old)
Around the age of 3, children began to become interested in cultural learning, and showed a strong demand for exploration, wanting to learn everything they saw. A very important sign that a child is in a culturally sensitive period is that he likes to listen to the same picture book over and over again. Even after listening to it dozens or hundreds of times, his enthusiasm is still high.
Dabao once showed me the same picture book for a while, and he also had several series of picture books that he liked better. Even if I watch it every day, I am still as interested as when I first saw it.
Montessori's explanation is that children will "have a strong interest in a certain behavior for no reason and repeat it tirelessly until the end." Until this repetition suddenly broke out, some kind of effect. "
Repetition is not only because of their interest, but also gives children a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction.