First, with the help of the situation, simply learn pronunciation.
Phonetics is the study of the mouth and ears. To learn Chinese Pinyin, we must first learn to pronounce initials and finals correctly. These 47 pinyin letters have different pronunciations and shapes. If each letter introduces the pronunciation organs, parts and methods to students in detail, students will not like it and will not understand it. According to the characteristics of children in lower grades, we can use teaching materials to create situations, demonstrate and explain, and guide children to learn letter pronunciation in "listening" and "reading".
1. Learn to pronounce in context.
"Erjing" refers to the "situational picture" and "situational song" in the primary school Chinese textbook published by Jiangsu Education Publishing House. We can use these two conditions to help children build a bridge between oral life and pinyin learning, so that children can establish the connection between letter symbols and specific pronunciation by virtue of oral experience, and change from spontaneous natural oral pronunciation to conscious and recognizable standard letter pronunciation. For example, when teaching the initials "b p m f", the teacher can let the students observe the situation map in the book first and tell them who is drawn on it and what they are doing. Help students find out the existing oral experience similar to the pronunciation of letters in their minds. Then according to the students' answers, guide the children to look at the pictures and read the situational song: "Dad took me to climb the hillside to see the Buddha. There is a broadcast on the megaphone. Don't touch the Buddha. At the same time, the initials "b p m f" are introduced and displayed next to related things in the situation map. Tell the students that the short pronunciation of "broadcast" on the radio is the initials "b" and the short pronunciation of "slope" on the hillside is the initials "p" ... With the help of "Erjing", letters can be easily pronounced, making students feel that letters are kind, familiar and easy to learn. At the same time, beautiful scene pictures and situational songs also exert a subtle influence on students. 2. Understand the key points of pronunciation in imitation.
Pronunciation of the letters drawn from situational charts and songs. To really read letters correctly requires the correct demonstration and guidance of teachers.
"It is better to say it ten times than to do it once." Teachers should attach importance to demonstration pronunciation and guide children to "look" seriously-observe the teacher's mouth shape when pronouncing; Listen carefully-listen to the correct pronunciation of letters; Read aloud-imitate the teacher and practice reading by yourself; Take the initiative to "speak"-simplify the pronunciation points into jingles or nursery rhymes, and remember them as you speak. For example, to teach the pronunciation of the single vowel A, the teacher can open his mouth exaggeratedly, guide the students to look at the mouth shape and listen to the teacher pronounce "A". Then explain the pronunciation method of "A", the mouth is wide, the pronunciation is long and loud, and the mouth shape remains the same during the pronunciation. Finally, let the children imitate and practice their own pronunciation of A, and lead the children to make the pronunciation essentials into a jingle "Open your mouth A A A A A A A A", clap your hands together, say and remember.
While doing a good job of phonetic demonstration, teachers should also consciously guide students to discover the pronunciation rules of vowels and initials, learn to draw inferences from others and cultivate students' self-learning ability. Chinese phonetic alphabet can be divided into four groups: single vowel, initial, complex vowel (including a special vowel R) and nasal vowel. These phonetic symbols have their own rules to follow in pronunciation parts and methods. For example, the size of the pronunciation mouth of the single vowel A O E I U u has a certain relationship with their arrangement order; Most initials have to break through obstacles to pronounce; Complex vowels are mostly composed of two single vowels, and the pronunciation quickly slides from the sound of the previous letter to the sound of the next letter; Nasal vowels are vowels followed by nasal sounds as endings. In teaching, children can find laws through observation and comparison, such as: lip force b p m, lip force f f f；; Force D and T on the tip of the tongue ... by guiding students to discover the pronunciation rules of vowels and initials, they can understand the internal relationship between a group of letters, let students know how to pronounce them when they see the shapes of letters, and make "teaching" and "learning" easy and simple.
3. Master the pronunciation method in the experience.
Pinyin teaching should attach importance to listening and reading training, but if teachers and students always read repeatedly, it will easily cause brain fatigue and make children tired. Psychologists tell us that the visual sensitivity of early school-age children increases rapidly. When stimuli act on different analyzers at the same time, the richer the individual attributes of things perceived by the cerebral cortex, the more complete and accurate the perception of things. Therefore, in order to make children learn firmly and happily, teachers must find image support for the sound when teaching letter pronunciation, so that the abstract pronunciation method can be seen and touched. For example, when teaching the pronunciation of the initial B P, the teacher can let the students look at the pronunciation of the initial b p in a small mirror first, understand the homophonic characteristics of the initial b p, and then let the students send the initial b p to a small piece of paper to feel and experience the strength of the airflow when the initial b p is pronounced, so as to distinguish the differences in the pronunciation of the initial b p and pronounce it correctly. Second, rap and draw, and learn letters happily.
If children want to have a good pinyin class and learn pinyin well, they must do everything possible to ignite and keep students' interest in pinyin, so that learning pinyin becomes a fascinating pleasure for children. Children in lower grades are restless and easily distracted. Only those vivid, intuitive and interesting things can attract their attention and make them remember deeply in their minds without too much effort. In view of the characteristics of "unconscious memory" of junior children, teachers can adopt some lively teaching methods when guiding students to learn letters, such as speaking, singing, drawing and playing, which are popular with children, making letter teaching interesting and allowing children to participate in learning happily.
1. Remember the font of children's songs.
Short, concise and catchy nursery rhymes are convenient for junior children to read and remember. We can make our own nursery rhymes according to the physical characteristics of pinyin letters, so that students can easily remember the glyphs when reading and singing. The pictophonetic characters in Chinese textbooks are the main basis for us to create such pictographic children's songs. For example, according to the phonetic alphabet of the initial consonant B in the textbook-the picture of athletes surfing on the rough sea and the phonetic alphabet of the initial consonant P-the picture of a little monkey riding a scooter up a hillside, guide the students to make up nursery rhymes: "Windsurfing BB BB, little monkey pushing a trolley PP". While making full use of the existing textbook resources, it can also guide students to develop rich imagination and create children's songs in combination with their own lives. Some students said, "B is like the radio we listen to. Listening to the radio, some students said, "B is like a waveguide mobile phone with an antenna, and the waveguide mobile phone is BBBB". And "like a 6-character bb bb, toothbrush bb bb" and so on. This kind of nursery rhymes can not only be read, but also be sung by oneself, or be sung with the familiar nursery rhymes and homemade nursery rhymes. For example, we used the melody of the children's song "Two Tigers" to change the lyrics to the song "Distinguish the initials B and P".
2. Dancing and breaking through difficulties.
Among these 47 vowels, some letters are similar in shape and some letters are similar in pronunciation, which makes it difficult for children to distinguish and confuse them and makes it difficult for students to learn letters. In this regard, teachers can carefully design some game activities, mobilize children's various senses, liberate children's hands, feet and brains, let children participate wholeheartedly, feel the letters in many ways, and break through difficulties in the game. For example, to guide children to distinguish initials N and L, we can design a game of pinching the nose to guess the pronunciation, so that one child can pinch another child's nose, feel the strength of the airflow in his nose when he makes nasal sounds N and side sounds L, guess what sound to make, and distinguish N and L through the participation of children's hands and nose.
For another example, the four letters "b p d q" are similar in shape, so it is difficult for students to distinguish them accurately. In teaching, I let my children imitate the entertainment program "Super Change". Several students cooperated to pose letters with their limbs. One child stands, another child squats down, puts his feet on his feet, hands around the knees of the standing child, stretching his body to the left into D and to the right into B. A child standing with his right hand on his head becomes P and his left hand on his head becomes Q. You can also make simple teaching AIDS to lead students to play jigsaw puzzles, so that children can listen to the teacher's pronunciation and quickly spell related letters, such as "one vertical" and "half circle". In addition, there are letter winding ropes and letter hand exercises, so that children can "dance" through the difficulties of letter learning in colorful game activities.
3. Make students like writing.
Writing is the beginning for children to learn to write with a pen, and it is also an effective way to consolidate letters and memorize glyphs. In order to let children learn to write initials, finals and syllables correctly, we implement the strategy of "three steps" in teaching. The first step is to guide the children to learn to read the order table in the textbook and know how the letters are written one by one and which box they live in. Step 2: Teachers demonstrate writing and guide students to understand the main points of writing. Step three, students draw red to imitate writing, and learn to write letters in writing practice.
Writing for beginners is very boring and difficult for children who have just entered school. In teaching, teachers should not only patiently guide, encourage and praise, and help children on the road hand in hand, but also carefully design writing exercises to make writing a favorite thing for children. In fact, as long as the arrangement is proper and the requirements are moderate, writing practice can also be an adjustment in children's learning process. Reading, singing, writing and drawing-constantly changing children's learning posture is the real meaning of children's learning. For example, we often use the method of finding a home for "letter baby" to let students know the position of letters in the four-line grid; Use the method of "following the arrow in a maze" to guide students to read the order of strokes, draw red and write letters; Show the harmonious combination of letters and strokes with vivid and intuitive teaching AIDS, and learn to write letters beautifully. According to the characteristics that junior children like to draw, design some homework full of childlike interest and wisdom. For example, let children draw pictures according to the arrangement of initials and color letters, create letter paintings, and design pinyin letter icons for their names. Let children use their hands and brains to consolidate knowledge, enlighten wisdom and cultivate innovative ability in writing and drawing.