★ The average body length of boys is 75.9±2.6cm, and that of girls is 74.6±2.6cm.
★ Head circumference is 46. 1. 1.4cm for boys and 45.1.2cm for girls.
★ Chest circumference is 45.9±2cm for boys and 44.6 1.8 cm for girls.
★ Qianfontanel 0 ~ 1× 1 cm.
★ 2 ~ 8 teeth (2 ~ 4 lower incisors and 0 ~ 4 upper incisors).
★ The baby will stand still or walk a few steps by himself, which is a big change. Because the baby's range of activities increases, it needs more energy.
★ The baby's cognitive ability is improved, and he can remember the names of body parts, supplies and food. Began to understand the big and small, and can learn to recognize the first color-red, followed by the number 1 ~ 3 or 1 ~ 5.
Hand-eye coordination has improved. I can pinch small things and put them in a bottle. I can learn to doodle with crayons and eat a few mouthfuls with a spoon. When I was almost one year old, I would throw coins into the small gap in the piggy bank.
★ I can perform children's songs with actions, talk to 2 ~ 5 adults, and learn to bark like animals. The development of language has accelerated.
Xia Dong can't be weaned in two seasons by scientific breeding. Before weaning the baby, if it is in hot summer or cold winter, weaning can be postponed appropriately. Because the baby weaned in summer is not easy to adapt to other foods, it is easy to get gastrointestinal diseases. Weaning in winter is too cold. The baby is used to warm breast milk and suddenly changes his diet, which is easy to catch cold and cause gastrointestinal discomfort. Therefore, spring and autumn are the most suitable seasons for weaning, with mild and pleasant climate and rich food varieties.
Weaning is not about not drinking milk. Most children are weaned at the age of one, and babies are facing a period of adapting to new foods. Some families think that weaning means stopping drinking all milk, even formula milk, and eating only staple food and a small amount of meat and vegetables. However, the baby's gastrointestinal tract can't fully digest and absorb these new foods. Complete weaning will keep the baby from gaining weight, and the chest circumference is still smaller than the head circumference. Therefore, when breastfeeding is interrupted, the baby should still drink 600 ~ 700 ml of formula milk every day, and gradually increase the complementary food, so that the digestion and absorption ability of the gastrointestinal tract will be gradually enhanced to ensure the monthly weight increase.
After the baby is one year old, it can still keep the habit of drinking milk twice a day, which is good for growth. First, they can increase their water intake. After complementary food is the staple food, they will drink less water. Drinking milk can make him get more water; Second, it can supplement essential nutrients such as calcium and protein, as well as some active substances that are easily lacking in other foods and can promote growth, which is beneficial to the baby's growth and development.
A good way to restore milk in TCM is 1. Reduce milk secretion: safflower 5-7 points, cinnamon 1-2 money, red peony 1 money, burdock (fried) 8 points, decocted in water.
2. malt 1 twice, and then boiled with boiling water instead of tea, you can get the effect of returning milk as soon as you eat it.
3. Massa Medicata Fermentata 15g, Fructus Aurantii 15g, and 50g of burnt malt, decocted in water, daily 1 dose, for 5 days.
4. Let the acupuncturist of traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture Guangming point and Zulinqi point, and also get a good effect of returning milk.
5. Put 250g of mirabilite into two gauze bags and apply them to both breasts respectively.
Focus on how to deal with accidents in children. If a child has an accident, parents should call the emergency number immediately and pay attention to the following points:
1. Bring your health record. Parents should usually establish health records for their children, including their blood type, vaccination history, disease history, medication history, family genetic disease history and so on.
2. If you take medicine or poison by mistake, you must first find out what medicine or poison the child is eating, and take the bottle containing medicine or poison and the child's vomit to the hospital for examination.
3. If it is a chemical burn, parents should take a bottle with chemical substances to the hospital.
4. Bring enough money.
5. Tell your family in detail when pulling the ambulance, so as not to waste time.
6. The child is in critical condition and should choose a hospital with certain conditions nearby.
While waiting for the ambulance, parents should help their children correctly. To lay a foundation for further treatment of doctors and reduce the disability rate and mortality rate.
1. Gas poisoning. Immediately transfer the child to a place with outdoor air circulation; Remove the vomit from the mouth of Xi's ear and tilt the head of Xi's ear to one side to avoid choking caused by vomit blocking the respiratory tract. If breathing and heartbeat have stopped, give artificial respiration and chest compressions at the scene immediately.
2. get an electric shock. First, cut off the power. Do not touch children and power directly with your hands or wet things. Unplug the power supply with a dry wooden stick, bamboo pole or plastic object, or unplug or remove the wires touching children, or immediately turn off the power switch or cut off the main brake. The injured child should lie flat and rest. Avoid excessive exercise. People who stop breathing or heartbeat should immediately perform heart compression and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
3. spasm. Don't cry or shake the child loudly, and don't feed water or medicine. Let the child lie down quietly and tilt his head to one side. Loosen the collar and put bamboo chopsticks wrapped in cloth on Xi's upper and lower teeth to prevent the child from biting his tongue. You can pinch the rest of the acupoints with your nails. If the child has a high fever, a cold wet towel can be applied to his forehead, or 30% alcohol can be used to wipe the armpit, back, head and neck and the inner thigh roots for 2 ~ 3 times.
4. Head and neck injuries. Let the child lie flat and try not to move. If you have to move, several people must lift the child horizontally at the same time. Be careful. If you suspect that your child has a broken neck, you can fix it around the neck with a towel or clothes to prevent the neck from moving. Coma patients should lift their jaws upward to keep the respiratory tract clear. When the child vomits, his face should be tilted to one side, and the vomit in his mouth should be removed to avoid blocking his throat. Cold towels or ice cubes can be applied to the injured area. If the affected area is bleeding, a clean cloth can be used to stop the bleeding. Don't let your nose and ears bleed.
5.burns. Immediately immerse the scalded part in clean cold water for more than half an hour. The lower the water temperature, the better the effect, but not lower than -6℃. Never apply vegetable oil or anti-inflammatory powder. Put it on the wound and don't wipe the skin of the wound with your hands.
6. Taking drugs or poisons by mistake. Immediately put your hand into the child's mouth to stimulate him to swallow vomit. After vomiting, older children can let him drink a glass of water and induce vomiting again. Pay attention to remove the vomit from his mouth to prevent suffocation.
7. Foreign body in trachea. Parents can immediately lift the child's legs upside down, let the child's head droop and pat him on the back. In this way, the foreign body can be forced to cough up by its own gravity and the impulse of the gas in the chest when choking. You can also let Xi's son sit or stand, with his parents standing behind him, holding the child with two arms, making a fist with one hand, putting it between Xi's navel and xiphoid process, and making a fist with the other hand. Push up and in rhythmically. Forcing foreign bodies to reach the oral cavity with the airflow and removing them; Don't try to dig out foreign objects by hand.
After 1 1 month defecation training, the baby can wake up without diaper, but adults should master the law of fire urination. Remind him to sit in the basin in time and teach him to take it out when he has urine.
This month, except for JE injection in May and meningococcal injection in February 2- 10/October, there was no special preventive injection for one year old.
From the perspective of early education, encourage babies to communicate with their children and take them to the street park to learn to walk. They often meet several children of similar age, some of whom are learning to stand with their cars, some of whom are learning to walk at the request of their parents, and some of whom have learned to walk by themselves. Practice walking with trembling ducks. Parents can encourage their babies to greet them, wave, nod and smile with them, and then learn to walk after school. Babies can practice with railings in the park, or parents can practice walking with railings. If you have a drag toy, you might as well practice walking with it. Practice in crowded places, you can learn from others' strengths, and you can also see what parents of other children can do to help their babies. Babies can also imitate others' walking, or shout loudly when they see others fall, hoping that adults can help him quickly. Sometimes one child makes another answer. Communicate in your heart like talking. Children and parents who often meet will also become friends of the baby, and it will be happier to learn to walk together.
Let the baby learn to communicate with children of the same age. Toddling is the best time for babies to communicate. All the children I met when I was a toddler lived nearby and may go to the same kindergarten and primary school in the future. Children who are familiar from childhood can easily become good friends, which can enhance the baby's awareness of active communication.
Don't rely on the walker to gradually change from holding the baby with two hands to one hand. When the baby is gone, adults and babies hold toys in one hand, and adults can gradually let go of their company. At this time, the baby is actually walking alone. Babies like to walk back and forth between their parents' problems, and the distance between their parents' problems is gradually increasing. A baby has to walk two or three steps alone to get to another person. But with the support and encouragement of parents, the baby will learn quickly. Adults can help the baby learn to walk from behind. At the beginning, you can tie a cloth belt around the baby's waist, and adults can let the baby learn to walk with the cloth belt. Gradually loosen the cloth belt, grab the baby's collar and let the baby walk by himself. The influence will gradually decrease until you let go to accompany the baby.
The above methods are all very good, and the worst is to use a walker. No matter how fast and well the baby walks in the walker, he can't walk by himself. Because the circle of the walker makes the baby's body depend on it. You don't have to keep your balance. Once you leave the walker, you can't move, wasting time when you should have learned to walk alone.
The baby will leave as soon as possible, expand his horizons and increase his knowledge as soon as possible, and there will be great progress. However, in addition to exercise, it is also related to nutrition and family situation in the morning and evening. In some families, ancestors left late; In addition, if the baby has diarrhea in autumn, it will be delayed by 1 ~ 2 months, and the nutritional status will decline in the later period.