concept

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Vestibular sensation, also known as sense of balance and repose.

The vestibular system is located directly above the inverted triangle structure of the body, that is, the top-heavy head, which is the most unbalanced place in balance. Therefore, the vestibular system must maintain close coordination with the balance system, so that human beings can understand the correct relationship between audio-visual information and the body, and then take due actions. This is called vestibular balance. The whole sensory system dealing with vestibular balance is called vestibular sensation. Including hearing, vision, smell, smell, all activities of the head and neck, and the interaction between these information and brain cells in various functional areas of the brain belong to vestibular sense.

Physiological mechanism

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Vestibular organ is located in the inner ear, including three semicircular canals, oval sac and balloon. It is the receiver of human body's motion state and head position in space. When the body rotates or changes speed in a straight line, the change of speed stimulates the sensory cells in the three semicircular canals or elliptical capsules; The position of the head and the gravity of the earth

Vestibular organ

When the relative relationship of action direction changes, the sensory cells in the capsule are stimulated. The impulses caused by these stimuli spread to the midbrain along the vestibular branches of the eighth pair of cranial nerves, causing corresponding feelings and other effects.

The sensory cells of vestibular organs have the same structure and are all called hair cells. The different positions and accessory structures of hair cells make different forms of variable-speed movement change the cilia dumping of hair cells in a specific way, change the pulse frequency of corresponding nerve fibers, transmit the information of body motion state and head position in space to the center, cause special sense of movement and position, and appear various reflexive changes of body visceral functions.

The shapes of the three semicircular canals are almost the same, but they are all on the same plane and the three planes are perpendicular to each other. Each semicircular canal has an intima, which forms a membranous tube. The membrane tube floats in the liquid of the bone tube. The fluid outside the membrane is called exolymph, and the fluid inside the membrane is called endolymph. Therefore, the acceleration generated by people's advance and retreat, up and down or left and right rotation can affect the movement of any small liquid. At the beginning of exercise, due to inertia, the endolymph will push the colloid top containing hair cell cilia in the opposite direction, so that the cilia will bend in the same direction until the endolymph moves at the same speed; When the movement stops, it is also due to inertia that the endolymphatic pushes the colloid apex in another direction, and the cilia also bend in another direction. The buckling of cilia can excite hair cells and make the transmitting nerves on this side send a lot of nerve impulses to the center. The function of the balloon elliptical capsule is that when the human body does linear variable-speed motion at any angle in the horizontal direction, the hair cells on the elliptical capsule bend to the maximum extent, thus increasing the nerve fiber impulse from some specific people and causing the feeling that the human body is doing linear variable-speed motion in a certain direction. The mechanism of spherical aggregation is the same.

Vestibular species are widely related through the lower brain stem, spinal cord, cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Projection area includes not only vestibule, but also visual and somatic proprioception representative areas, all of which are related to spatial orientation perception and advanced movement. When the vestibular organs are stimulated excessively or for a long time, it often causes symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness and pale skin, which is called vestibular autonomic nerve reaction. The sensitivity of vestibular function varies from person to person, especially women, such as motion sickness and seasickness.

function

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Due to vestibular balance, the maturity of vestibular sense is closely related to the sense of balance. Poor sense of balance leads to unstable body operation and fidgeting. General vestibular sensory dysplasia in children with ADHD. The vestibule also includes almost all organs related to language development, so poor vestibular perception will hinder the development of language ability. This part is explained in more detail in the later chapters of this book. Vestibular sense is the patron saint of brain functional differentiation, especially at the age of 3. If vestibular sense is not well developed, it will also form obstacles to these functions.