Literacy concept 1: 3-8 years old is the golden age for children to read.

Social psychologist Abbott? Bandura's research believes that people have extraordinary ability to use symbols, which has been revealed at a very young age. The brain of a 3-6-year-old child is like a blank disk. For them, memory is not a burden, but a physiological need. If we miss this period, it will be irreparable for life.

Professor Ishii Xun of Japan put forward: "In the memory ability of Chinese characters, first-year students are better than sixth-year students." "From 1967, more than 20 years of practice has proved that 3-6 years old is the fastest time to learn to read and remember. "

Dr G.Domman: "every normal baby has immeasurable potential. What is put in from birth to the age of six is often indelible for life. The best way to develop cranial nerves is to teach children to read.

Literacy concept 2: Children's literacy is direct memory.

A few-month-old baby does not accept the melody of his mother's face or lullaby through analysis or understanding, but accepts the whole music or face as a whole. The cognitive characteristics of infants in this period are called "pattern recognition" in "pattern period" by Masaru Ibuka. Babies' recognition of Chinese characters is also a kind of "pattern recognition" (the process of perception).

Ibuka (1986), a famous early Japanese educator, found that the process of infants knowing Chinese characters is completely different from that of adults: they don't need to analyze and understand the internal structure and relationship of Chinese characters, such as radicals, phonograms, ideograms and meanings. Just like adults do, but remember that Chinese characters are a complete "figure" composed of several lines. When they read words, it is a camera-like recognition, which is a mechanism of "whole pattern recognition" based on image objects.

The third concept of literacy: Literacy, reading and learning knowledge are a step-by-step teaching process, and the direct purpose of literacy is reading.

Experts believe that the ultimate goal of teaching children to read is to "read as soon as possible". Research theory holds that children's intelligence depends on good reading ability. The earlier reading ability is formed, the better the comprehensive development effect of children will be. Suhomlinski, a world-famous educator, pointed out: "No one can master knowledge smoothly unless he learns to read and understand fluently."

Do we read before reading? Or read while reading, or read while learning. We advocate literacy before reading, and now most of them are applying the latter. We advocate the teaching steps of literacy, reading and learning step by step. The purpose is to teach children the means of learning, master the basic learning tool-Chinese characters, and gradually cultivate their autonomous learning ability. By reading articles of interest, the source of interest can be mobilized, and finally reading can occupy the highest point of children's interest.

Literacy concept 4: The basic standard of literacy is to master 2500 commonly used words.

The national literacy standard is 2500 commonly used Chinese characters, which is also the literacy that primary school graduates should master.

After reviewing 7075 modern articles with a total of more than 2 1.62 million words, the Chinese Character Group of Beijing 748 Engineering Code found that there were 6300 Chinese characters, 99% of which were written by 2400 common words, and the rest 1% were written by 3900 uncommon words. Experts believe that after mastering these 2,400 commonly used Chinese characters, reading newspapers, writing letters and articles will generally not have much problem.

The purpose of literacy is reading, and the barrier-free requirement of reading is 2500 commonly used Chinese characters, so the basic standard of literacy should be 2500 commonly used Chinese characters. Without this standard, the function and purpose of literacy will be difficult to embody.

If we teach our children to learn dozens or 100-200 Chinese characters, there is actually no way to read such a large number of words. After learning, you can't use it, you can't consolidate it in application, you will soon forget it, and you will lose the meaning of word recognition.

Literacy concept 5: Chinese characters are not difficult to read, but it is difficult to write and understand.

Characteristics of Chinese characters:

1, Chinese characters are different from pinyin characters. Chinese characters themselves are graphs composed of various lines. In children's cognitive concept, knowing Chinese characters is like knowing pictures.

2. The difficulty of Chinese characters: First, it is difficult to understand the meaning; It is difficult to simplify two strokes.

Characteristics of children's literacy:

1, graphics intake, direct recognition of graphics, no difficulty.

2. Eyes, ears and brain have strong coordination ability and the ability to remember sounds and shapes.

Criteria for evaluating literacy rate:

The standard for evaluating and understanding a word should be to be able to compare sounds and shapes, not to be able to write and understand.

It's hard to write

1, Chinese characters are divided into traditional characters and simplified characters.

2. Recognition and reading are activities of eyes, mouth and brain, while writing is activities of hands and brain. The coordination ability of children's hands and brains is still relatively poor.

3. Children of three to five years old have small fingers, underdeveloped muscle peripheral nerves and no ability to control pens. It is difficult to ask children to write. Writing is different from drawing. The strokes of Chinese characters are complicated and there are many subtle differences. Children's perception often shows the characteristics of general and inaccurate analysis, and it is not easy to distinguish the main characteristics of things and the relationship between the parts. When writing, due to careless observation, strokes often increase or decrease, strokes are wrong or structures are reversed.

Difficult to understand

1. Understanding is a concept without depth. People with different knowledge levels and social experiences will have different understandings of a word. It is unscientific to really understand a word in a short time. Even words with very simple meanings can only be one-sided in the short term.

2. Most Chinese characters have multiple meanings in different application environments. Only through long-term reading and continuous accumulation can we fully understand the meanings.

Literacy idea VI: Cognition and understanding are two different processes.

Knowing words does not necessarily mean understanding, and understanding does not necessarily mean knowing words. Literacy can be achieved in advance in a short time, but understanding cannot be achieved in advance. Knowledge is gradually deepened with the increase of age, knowledge and life experience. Understanding is long-term and cannot be accelerated. Understanding and literacy are two different processes, and real understanding needs to be completed step by step for a long time or even a lifetime.

Children's direct memory is different from adults' logical memory. In particular, the characteristics of Chinese characters, that is, graphic characters, are the whole graphic input after children see them, and there is no situation in which adults think that they can read only after they understand them.

You can't think that children must understand the meaning of Chinese characters, so let them read first, and then understand step by step by increasing the amount of reading. This is a step-by-step learning process.

Literacy concept 7: concentrate on memorizing Chinese characters

There are fewer commonly used Chinese characters, which is convenient for centralized memory. Among all the languages in the world, Chinese characters are the least commonly used characters, and thousands of words can make up tens of thousands of words. For example, when learning English, it is meaningless to remember only 26 letters. You must also remember the spelling of each word. Mr. An Zijie studied the usage frequency of Chinese characters, and counted 3,650 commonly used word lists from 6,543.8+0,000 words, with the top 500 words accounting for 74.7%. In other words, if you know 500 words, you can understand 3/4 of a general article, and if you know 1500 words, you can understand 94.6% of a general article. In other words, because Chinese characters have the characteristics of word-to-word combination, 40,000 to 50,000 Chinese characters only need more than 2,000 words. English, on the other hand, is a "word combination", and each word has a specific font. Ordinary people can only use English if they master 20,000 to 30,000 words.

The unique structure of Chinese characters, combined with children's unique cognitive and memory abilities, is conducive to the centralized completion of Chinese character literacy. The graphic structure is easy to remember, and children's unique cognitive law of Chinese characters can realize Chinese character cognition quickly and intensively. At the same time, the ideographic characters of Chinese characters are meaningful and can be realized separately or collectively. Combined with efficient cognitive methods, literacy and time can be highly concentrated.

Literacy concept 8: Rhyme literacy is a unique and valuable method in Chinese character literacy teaching, which can improve learning efficiency by times.

There are some problems in literacy teaching, such as low efficiency, long and irregular cycle, difficult to recall, easy to be confused and easy to make mistakes.

Don't worry too much.

Rhyme literacy arranges scattered Chinese characters regularly, so that complicated Chinese characters are concentrated, concise and rhythmic, easy to remember and recite, and easy to associate and remember. It can improve the memory rate by more than ten times, and has been in Mongolian ancient books for thousands of years.

Literacy concept 9: Reciting Chinese characters directly is a scientific way.

1, the picture is indirect literacy;

2. Disadvantages of looking at pictures: graphics are too attractive to children's vision and ignore the recognition of Chinese characters;

3. Looking at pictures is good for understanding the meaning of words, but not good for memorizing Chinese characters;

4. Looking at pictures is a better way to learn Pinyin;

5. The amount of information received by the brain during direct memory is small, so it is faster and more efficient.

6. The shape and structure of Chinese characters meet the requirements of direct memory;

Literacy concept 10: Knowing Chinese characters in advance helps to develop children's intelligence.

The famous linguist Mr. An Zijie's assertion should attract our attention: "Chinese characters can make us associate, and association is the mother of all inventions." He believes that the evolution of Chinese characters is logical, associative, enlightening, easy to understand and easy to remember. Chinese characters are regular. It is convenient to judge pronunciation and associative meaning by reasoning, which can wake up children's brains, activate their thinking and make them smart.

Chinese characters stimulate the senses, promote dendritic branches and axon elongation of brain cells, produce many synapses, and form a precise network between cells. The more stimulation, the denser the network. The growth and development of brain cells are fast first and then slow, and they are used in the waste.

The child's brain not only has the function of memorizing Chinese characters, but also unintentionally classifies Chinese characters, finds potential laws, and then infers unknown Chinese characters according to this law. The effectiveness of the brain is the most active in early childhood, and then gradually decreases with age.

Professor Ishii Xun of Japan found that "if a Japanese child does not learn Chinese characters as a child, his IQ is 100, which is the same as that of European and American children, but the situation of learning Chinese characters is different: if he starts learning Chinese characters at the age of five, his IQ will reach110; If he is educated in Chinese characters at the age of four, his IQ will reach120; If he started learning Chinese characters for three years at the age of three, his IQ would be different.