The first geography lesson plan "Earth and Globe" is the first one.
Instructional design:
Chapter 1 Earth and Map
Section 1 The Earth and the Globe
The first part is the background analysis of the lesson.
First, the interpretation of curriculum standards and curriculum standards
(1) Curriculum standard:
(1) Understand the process of human understanding the shape of the earth;
② Use average radius, equatorial circumference and surface area to describe the size of the earth;
(3) use a globe to tell the latitude and longitude, the division of latitude and longitude;
(4) determine the latitude and longitude of a place on the earth.
Interpretation of curriculum standards:
(1) Understand the process of human understanding the shape of the earth. Students are required to understand the process of human understanding of the shape of the earth and the spirit of human brave exploration and persistent pursuit of truth in this process by reading the pictures of the process of human understanding of the shape of the earth and the reading materials of Magellan's fleet sailing around the world.
② The average radius, equatorial circumference and surface area are used to describe the size of the earth. Students are not required to remember the average radius, equatorial circumference and surface area, but only to describe the size of the earth with these numbers.
(3) use a globe to tell the latitude and longitude, the division of latitude and longitude. Here, students are required to regard the globe as a learning tool. By observing the globe, they can distinguish what is longitude and what is latitude. The prime meridian is 0 meridian, from which east longitude and west longitude are respectively divided into 180. The equator is the latitude of 0, from which the north latitude is the north latitude and the south latitude is the south latitude, each divided into 90 degrees.
(4) determine the latitude and longitude of a place on the earth. The standard has the following requirements: first, it can give the latitude and longitude of a place and find the place on the globe; Second, any point on the earth can be determined by longitude and latitude. To describe the location of a place, we must be clear about east-west longitude, north-south latitude and degree.
Second, the analysis of learning situation
① Analysis of students' age characteristics: The teaching objects of this class are first-year students, most of whom are around 1 1- 12 years old, and they are curious about the world.
② Analysis of students' existing knowledge and experience: It is the first time for students to contact geography courses, and they have never studied geography courses systematically. Have some life experience; Most students know that the earth is a ball, but they don't know why.
③ Analysis of students' learning style: At this stage, students will have a strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge about things they are familiar with but don't know the principle. Because they haven't studied geography systematically, they dare to guess and explain many questions.
Third, the development and utilization of curriculum resources.
(1) teaching material analysis
1, Analysis of the Position and Function of Textbooks
This lesson is selected from the first section of the first chapter of "Earth and Map" in the seventh grade of junior high school geography education edition. This lesson focuses on the process of human understanding the shape of the earth, and gradually expounds the process of human understanding the shape and size of the earth and the model of the earth-the globe.
The shape and size of the earth is the first lesson for junior high school students to contact with junior high school geography courses, and the globe is an important tool for learning geography. Learning this lesson well plays a vital role in establishing junior high school students' interest in geography learning.
2. Knowledge association structure diagram
3. Determine the key and difficult points of teaching.
(1) Teaching focus and foundation:
Teaching focus:
The shape and size of the earth, the globe, the longitude and latitude lines on the earth and their division, the position and significance of the prime meridian, and the position of a point is determined by the longitude and latitude network.
Establish a foundation:
Taking the above knowledge points as the teaching focus, the basis is as follows: First, the requirements of curriculum standards; Second, the above knowledge points are the basic knowledge or skills to be learned in geography, especially the use of latitude and longitude net to determine the position of a certain point, which can be used in learning geography and daily life. As a new curriculum standard, the teaching concept of "learning geography and applying what you have learned" should be the focus of this section.
(2) Teaching difficulties and foundation.
Teaching difficulties:
The characteristics and division of longitude and latitude, the division of eastern and western hemispheres, and the function of latitude and longitude network.
Establish a foundation:
A, longitude and latitude don't exist on the earth, this is just a concept that people think is made for convenience, and it is virtual, far beyond the imagination of junior high school students and far from reality; B, the establishment of geographic coordinates of the latitude and longitude network requires students to use the latitude and longitude network map on the basis of being familiar with the latitude and longitude network, which is difficult in itself.
4. Making and developing multimedia courseware.
See multimedia courseware for details.
Part II: Teaching implementation plan (one lesson)
First, the teaching objectives
Knowledge and skills objectives:
(1) Understand that the earth is an ordinary planet in space and the home of mankind;
Master the shape and size of the earth;
(3) Know that the globe is the model of the earth, know the axis, pole, prime meridian and equator, and know the characteristics of latitude and longitude;
(4) Master the division method of latitude and longitude;
⑤ Remember the division of low latitude, middle latitude and high latitude, and the division of the eastern and western hemispheres and the northern and southern hemispheres;
⑥ The position of a certain point will be determined by the reticle.
Earth and Globe, Geography Teaching Plan for Grade One, II
First, teaching material analysis:
The main teaching contents of this section are as follows.
(A) to understand the shape and size of the earth
1, the process of human understanding the shape of the earth (the sky is round, the sky is like a hat, the earth is like a cover plate, Magellan's global voyage proves to be a sphere, and the earth satellite photos prove that the earth is a sphere).
2. The main evidence that the earth is a sphere (look at the ships by the sea, the solar eclipse, the photos of the earth's satellites, sailing around the world, and people traveling on land. If you go north, some stars will disappear on the horizon in the south, and some stars will appear on the horizon in the north. If you go to the south, the situation is just the opposite. Only when the earth is curved can these phenomena be explained. The height of Polaris is different at different latitudes in the northern hemisphere.
3. Three sets of data about the size of the earth.
(2) Globe
1, design principle.
2. Globe and its function
3. The general direction of the globe (facing the globe from north to south, from left to west, from right to east, paving the way for the direction indicated by the latitude and longitude lines, the arrangement law of latitude and longitude, and the judgment of the eastern and western hemispheres in the northern and southern hemispheres).
There is no teaching requirement for making a simple globe.
(3) Warps and Wefts
1, the concepts of earth axis, latitude, longitude, north pole and south pole. Special latitude and longitude (prime meridian, 20 W,160 e,180 longitude, equator, tropic of cancer, south arctic circle).
2, the nature of the warp and weft (shape characteristics, length characteristics, indicating direction, quantity characteristics).
3, the difference between each latitude and longitude-latitude and longitude.
① Division and representation of latitude and longitude. (2) the arrangement law of latitude and longitude (judgment).
③ Hemisphere division and range (judgment).
(4) Positioning by using the warp and weft network
1, the purpose and use of warp and weft. 2. Description and representation of points.
Second, the establishment of teaching objectives
(1) Knowledge objective:
1. Understand that the earth is the main evidence of a sphere, and remember three sets of data describing the size of the earth.
2. Understand the design principle, function and direction of the globe.
3. Know the concepts of earth axis, latitude, longitude, North Pole and South Pole. You can find special longitude and latitude on the globe.
3. Explore the characteristics of longitude and latitude by observing the globe.
4. Understand the division and representation method of latitude and longitude, explore the arrangement law of latitude and longitude, and judge the east-west longitude and north-south latitude by using the arrangement law.
5. Know the dividing line between the northern and southern hemispheres and the eastern and western hemispheres, look at the map to explore the range of each hemisphere, and use the hemisphere range to judge the hemisphere position of the point.
6. Know the purpose and use of the latitude and longitude net, and be able to describe and represent the latitude and longitude positions of points.
(2) Ability objectives:
Through the study of globe and latitude and longitude net, students' autonomous learning ability, exploratory thinking ability and spatial thinking ability are initially cultivated.
(3) Emotional goals:
1, through the study of "the long process of human understanding the shape of the earth", let students feel the spirit of predecessors' courage to explore and be educated by scientific concepts.
2. Through a series of inquiry activities, cultivate students' consciousness of independent inquiry and cooperative inquiry, and enhance students' independent consciousness and cooperative spirit.
3. Improve students' interest in geography knowledge through the study of "Geography is useful for life" in this lesson.
Third, teaching focuses on difficulties.
1, key points: the direction representation on the globe, the nature of latitude and longitude, the arrangement law of latitude and longitude, and the range of each hemisphere.
2. Difficulties: judging east-west longitude and north-south latitude by arrangement law, judging hemisphere position and judging and expressing latitude and longitude position of points by hemisphere range.
Four. Class division: three class hours
Teaching tools: globes (at least one for every two people) and multimedia courseware.
Sixth, blackboard design
Section 1 The Earth and the Globe
Shape merging format
Seven, teaching philosophy and teaching methods:
1, reflecting the new geography curriculum standard "Learning geography is useful for life"
2. Reflect the teaching philosophy of "learning before teaching, reaching the standard in class" in Yang Si Middle School.
3. Reflect the idea of inquiry learning advocated by the new curriculum reform.
4. Reflect some results of the research on "Optimization of Classroom Teaching Structure under Theme-driven Strategy" by the geography research group of Zhangdian No.7 Middle School.
Eight, the teaching process:
Introduce new lessons and reveal the theme.
Lead: On a clear day, we can see that the sun is a fiery red sphere; On the night of 0/5 of the lunar calendar, we can see the moon like a bright disk. But what is the earth we live in? We can't see it ourselves. Standing on the surface of the earth, we can't see the whole picture of it. So, how did the ancients understand that the earth is a huge sphere? What evidence can we find that today's earth is a sphere? Title on the blackboard: Section 1 Earth and Globe.
Target recognition, blackboard writing structure
1, the knowledge target is displayed on the screen, and the students read aloud.
2. The teacher narrates and writes down a knowledge frame on the blackboard, emphasizing the key points and difficulties.
Shape merging format
Theme-driven, independent cooperation
first kind
(A) "The shape and size of the earth" part of the teaching
1. Students teach themselves and teachers patrol.
2, self-study effect detection, teacher guidance, summary sublimation.
(1) Ask the students to describe the process of people knowing that the earth is a sphere, and the teacher will show relevant pictures on the screen to explain.
(2) Let the students talk about P3-4 activities (1), (2) and (3), and the teacher will provide them with pictures. For other examples that prove that the earth is a sphere, students and teachers complement each other. Finally, it must be clear that the best evidence to prove that the earth is a sphere is satellite photos of the earth.
Summary and sublimation: Let students talk about what they have learned from people's understanding of the shape of the earth. (Let students feel the spirit of predecessors' courage to explore, and get the education of scientific view from it)
(3) Question: The data describing the size of the earth: the average radius is 637 1km, the equatorial circumference is 40000km, and the surface area of the earth is 5 1 10,000 square kilometers.
▼ Carry forward: Earth, our common home; People who live on the earth want to know more about the earth, but the earth is too big. If you want to know the earth conveniently, you must use the globe more.
(B) "Globe" part of the teaching
The teacher explains and demonstrates:
Design principle: imitate the shape of the earth and reduce it according to a certain proportion.
Function: P4 Last sentence.
Direction on the Earth: The North Pole is vertically upward, and we face the Earth "up north and down south, left west and right east".
▼ Turn: There are many kinds of globes, no matter which one is marked with latitude and longitude.
(3) the teaching of "longitude and latitude lines" (the understanding of basic concepts, special longitude and latitude lines and their properties)
1, independent inquiry, teacher patrol
2, self-study effect testing, teacher guidance.
(1) Ask questions to guide students to continue their exploration: (Dare to let students talk, expose their mistakes, pay attention to motivating students and stimulate their desire to explore)
The shape characteristics of longitude and latitude are equal ◆ Teacher's guidance (teachers should collect students' observation results from various sources and be good at making use of the situation): "The equator is the longest latitude", "the shorter the latitude to the poles, the last point", "unequal length", "whether there are equal-length latitudes" and "What are the distribution characteristics of equal-length latitudes-the equal-length comparison between the north and the south centered on the equator". Indicating the direction, indicating the north-south direction, indicating the east-west direction, has countless quantitative characteristics.
(2) Guidance: Primitive Meridian, Longitude 180, Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle are special. The prime meridian is the 0 meridian on the earth; Longitude 180 is opposite to the prime meridian to form a large warp circle; The equator is the longest latitude on the earth, equal to the distance between the north and south poles, which is 0 latitude. Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle will be frequently used in the second period of study.
(3) Teacher's explanation: The earth has no axis, and there are no longitude and latitude lines drawn on the surface of the earth.
▼ Carry forward and reserve the foreshadowing: Why do you want to draw so many warps and wefts on the globe? Everyone will understand next class.
Second lesson
(4) The teaching of "division and representation of latitude and longitude".
1. Doubt: There are countless meridians and latitudes on the earth. How can we tell the difference? (Calibrate different degrees, called longitude and latitude respectively)
2. Continue to doubt: How is longitude and latitude divided? How to express it? Please observe the figure 1. 10, and explore the division of internalized longitude in combination with the globe in your hand, and prepare to speak. (Students speak, and the teacher will give instructions at any time-the prime meridian is 0 meridian, facing the180 meridian, and the east longitude of the prime meridian is180 meridian as E; The longitude west of the prime meridian to 180 degrees is the west longitude, which is expressed by W.
3. Continue to lead to inquiry: Please observe the figure 1. 1 1, use the globe in your hand to explore the division of latitude, and prepare to speak. (Students speak, and the teacher always gives instructions-the equator is 0 latitude, the north latitude is n, and the northernmost point is 90 north latitude; South of the equator is the south latitude, denoted by S, and the southernmost point is the South Pole, and the latitude is 90 south latitude.
(5) The teaching of "Latitude and Longitude Arrangement Law and East-West Latitude and Longitude Judgment".
1, example 1, example 2: judge the east longitude or the west longitude, and guide students to explore and apply the arrangement law of 1. 10.
Shape merging format
Ask the students to indicate the longitude on the blackboard: first, pay attention to the expression of longitude, such as 30 or 30 e east longitude.
(2) Guide students to discuss in groups: ask students to explain the reasons for judging whether the above questions are east longitude or west longitude. Let the students find out the arrangement law of east longitude: the longitude of the prime meridian increases to the east; The arrangement law of the west longitude is increasing from the prime meridian to the west. Then the judgment method of east longitude and west longitude is refined: east longitude increases eastward; The west longitude increases westward.
2. Example 3 and Example 4: Judge the south latitude or the north latitude, and guide students to explore and apply the arrangement rules of the south and north latitudes in Figure1.1.
Shape merging format
(1) Ask the students to indicate the latitude on the blackboard: First, pay attention to the representation of latitude, such as 30 north latitude or 30 north latitude.
(2) Guide students to discuss in groups: ask students to explain the reasons for judging whether the above questions are south latitude or north latitude. Let the students find the arrangement law of southern latitude: the degree increases from the equator to the south; The arrangement law of north latitude is increasing from the equator to the north. Then, the judgment method of south latitude and north latitude is extracted: the south latitude increases to the south; North latitude increases northward.
3. Continue: Students, we have learned longitude and latitude, and the longitude and latitude interweave to form a longitude and latitude network. Now let's consider a problem. Why do you want to learn latitude and longitude net? Can you give some examples from your life to illustrate? (Some students will answer "in order to determine the position of a certain point on the surface of the earth", and some students will find seats according to the examples of cinemas and classmates, and the teacher will affirm, praise and encourage them. )
(6) the teaching of "longitude and latitude network positioning"
1, students read P8 graphic materials, the expression of experience points, and the use and purpose of longitude and latitude. The screen shows the latitude and longitude of the epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake.
2. Make an example, determine the description method and representation method of points, and apply the judgment method of latitude and longitude.
Shape merging format
(1) Emphasize the description method: Point A is
The intersection of east longitude 6 1 and north latitude 30 is expressed as north latitude 30 and east longitude 61.
(2) Latitude and longitude positions of other points:
30 degrees north latitude, 665438 degrees east longitude
30 degrees north latitude and 0/70 degrees east longitude.
D 50 south latitude 170 west longitude
▼ Transfer: In daily life, the hemisphere is often used to determine the approximate position. For example, China is located in the northern hemisphere and the eastern hemisphere.
The third category
(7) Teaching "Division of Northern Hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere" and "Hemisphere Scope"
1, let the students read the textbook P7. 12 and 1. 13, and find out the dividing line between the equator, the northern hemisphere and the eastern hemisphere, and the warp coil composed of 20 W and160 E. (Students may ask questions that ① the dividing line between the eastern hemisphere and the western hemisphere is a meridian ② that the dividing line between the eastern hemisphere and the western hemisphere is a prime meridian and a/kl.
2. Ask students to observe the figure 1. 12 and figure 1. 13, and get the range of the southern hemisphere, the northern hemisphere and the eastern hemisphere (pay attention to the accuracy of standardized student statements).
(1) southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere range: (omitted)
The third edition of geography teaching plan "Earth and Globe" in Grade One.
Earth and globe
"The shape and size of the earth-a model of the earth-a globe"
Teaching design
SETTING: Xingtang Street Central School
Name: Song
Time: 2065438+September 26th, 2006
Eq avs4al (teaching goal)
Knowledge goal:
(1) Understand that the earth is an ordinary planet in space and the home of mankind.
(2) Master the shape and size of the earth.
(3) Know that the globe is a model of the earth, know the earth axis, the earth pole, the prime meridian and the equator, and know the characteristics of latitude and longitude.
Ability goal:
(1) put forward the evidence that the earth is a sphere.
(2) The average radius, equatorial circumference and surface area are used to describe the size of the earth.
(3) With the help of a globe, understand the meaning of longitude and latitude lines and compare their differences by means of observation, demonstration, discussion and list comparison.
Emotional goals:
(1) Understand the process of human understanding of the shape and size of the earth, and know that human understanding of objective things is endless, and the development of science and technology is important to human production and life.
(2) Cultivate students' earnest study attitude and interest in exploring scientific mysteries.
(3) Cultivate students' observation ability, imagination ability and spatial thinking ability, and lay a foundation for cultivating students' dialectical materialism.
Eq avs4al (teaching focus)
Learn to explain the shape and size of the earth with relevant geographical phenomena and data.
Analyze the characteristics of latitude and the division of latitude with charts.
Eq avs4al (teaching difficulty)
Learn to observe and use the globe.
teaching method
1. Teaching methods 2. Cooperative inquiry method III. Multimedia-assisted teaching method
Teaching preparation
Multimedia teaching courseware, globe, atlas
teaching process
Introduce a new course
We all know that human beings live on the earth, but what is the earth like and how big is it? Maybe not many people can say it accurately. Let's learn about our human home today.
[Blackboard] Section 1 Earth and Globe
Teach a new lesson
1. First, let students have an understanding of the process of human understanding of the earth through animation, and then encourage students to show the process of human understanding of the earth through observation and imagination, and at the same time show the teacher's point of view: "I draw a schematic diagram I imagine, and the students will see how it is." Through bit by bit, students will not only be interested in geography, but also cultivate innovative consciousness.
[Explanation] The shape of the earth is an irregular sphere. For the convenience of research, we take the average radius of the earth, which is 637 1 km.
2. Earth
The earth moves around the earth's axis from west to east, and always rotates obliquely around the earth's axis in the process of rotation. There are two intersections between the earth axis and the earth, namely the South Pole and the North Pole. When placing the globe, point the earth axis in the direction of Polaris. Let's put it on the table and judge each other. (Pay attention to the direction of the classroom)
(Students watch: the spatial position of the earth axis and the earth pole)
【 Design Intention 】 When observing the globe, let the students realize that building a model of things is a way to solve the problem, and then focus on explaining the position and function of the earth axis. For example, the contrast between basketball and globe movement is to clearly see the importance of the earth's movement around the earth axis. In order to better understand the position of the earth's axis in the globe, an animation demonstration is designed, so that students can not only apply it in practice, but also observe it intuitively. In order to make the actual direction consistent with the direction indicated by the globe, students are required to place the globe so that the earth axis points to the north (towards the North Star) and judge each other. This part mainly brings the spatial orientation of the earth into the existing knowledge system in students' minds. In addition, the orientation of the earth's axis is very important for studying the earth's revolution in the future, so we must lay a good foundation.
[Explanation] The globe is made by shrinking the shape of the earth (in fact, it is a special three-dimensional map). Because it is many times smaller than the earth, the globe is made into a regular sphere.
[Question] What are the geographical things on the earth?
Cooperative investigation
On the globe, there are criss-crossing networks-latitude and longitude networks, through which the position of any point on the earth's surface can be determined. Of course, there is nothing on the real earth. It was drawn by hand. Let's learn about warp and weft.
Senior one geography "Earth and Globe" related articles;
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4. Review materials for junior high school geography exam: Earth and globe.
5. How to mark the seventh grade geographic latitude and longitude lines?
6. Seventh grade geography teaching plan: the movement of the earth
7. Geography exam knowledge of senior two: Earth and globe.
8. Knowledge points of geography, earth and globe in senior high school
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