Lingnan culture is rich in connotation, and has obtained the corresponding colorful performance. Lingnan academic thought absorbs and innovates Confucianism, Legalism, Taoism and Buddhism introduced from the Central Plains, and breeds different schools.
After Zhao Tuo gave birth to Lingnan civilization, Longchuan, as one of the counties in Lingnan area, began to attach importance to the inheritance and continuation of humanistic education very early.
In the Tang Dynasty, Longchuan established the Gong Xue. In the Song Dynasty, many locals and well-educated people who stayed in Longchuan established academies. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, sociology and voluntarism were generally established.
Since the Tang Dynasty, Gong Xue has been a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius and training talents for the country. It has become the collective name of local official schools, shouldering the educational functions of inheriting culture and implementing rites and music. As Longchuan is an ancient town of Hakka, speaking Hakka dialect, Gong Xue in Longchuan has naturally become a place where Hakka people worship Confucius in past dynasties.
After 1000 years of ups and downs, great changes have taken place in Longchuan Gong Xue. Longchuan Gong Xue was built in the Tang Dynasty, and was renovated by some officials in Zhou Xun in the Southern Song Dynasty. 128 1 year, Longchuan Gong Xue was killed by soldiers. By the early Ming Dynasty, local officials had rebuilt Gong Xue, and the rules and regulations were well prepared.
During the reign of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Longchuan Academy was destroyed by bandits who besieged the city. Gong Xue also had Zhaobi, Chi Pan, Jimen, Dongdao and Xidao. The Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall, and Jing Zun Lock preserved by later generations were rebuilt by the Qing government in 1668.
The reconstructed Longchuan Gong Xue consists of zhaobi, promenade, Lingxingmen, Chi Pan, arch bridge, East-West Hall, Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall and Jingzunsuo. Due to disrepair, some of them were destroyed. There are Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall, Zunjing Lock, etc.
Dacheng Hall faces south. Five rooms are 26.56m wide, four rooms are 24.40m deep and 18m high. It covers an area of 440 square meters. Resting at the top of the mountain, there are double eaves, and there are mixed roof trusses with bucket-shaped beams under the eaves.
The arches around it overlap and jump, and there are various lacquer gold carvings of phoenix, bird, fish and dragon on the beams and columns, which looks simple and generous.
During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the gold plaque of the "Hall of the Imperial Sage" written by Jiaqing Imperial Book was hung on the main hall door. On the front of the tablet, there are roll-shed cloisters, stone pillars and beams, which have obvious Qing dynasty style.
There is no bucket arch on the stone pillars around Dacheng Hall, which directly supports the eaves. Put a bucket arch under the upper eaves for multiple groups to use. Decorations such as lotus flowers, faucets and cirrus clouds are carved between the beam and the bucket arch. The reconstructed Longchuan Gong Xue is basically the same as the old one, and the overall tone is calm.
In Dacheng Hall, Confucius, the "most holy teacher", sits under the gold plaque of Emperor Kangxi's imperial book "Teacher for All eternity" in the Qing Dynasty, with his hands folded and his face solemn.
At that time, Confucius once asked students to express their ideals, and Ceng Dian said his ideal life: "In late spring, about five or six adults and six or seven children wear spring clothes, take a bath in Yishui, blow their hair on the stage, and then walk home singing." Confucius sighed and said, "I agree with Ceng Dian!" Confucius' spiritual motivation of "obeying the monarch first, then making the customs pure" can be seen from this.
Minglun Hall is the lecture hall of Longchuan Academy. It embodies the basic architectural pattern of the ancient Minglun Temple in China. Here, many teenagers in ancient times studied the "Six Arts" with their teachers seriously.
Further inside the Minglun Hall, there is a lock for respecting classics, which contains various classics, such as a subset of classics and history. This is a textbook and reference material for ancient students to learn.
The whole building of Longchuan Gong Xue is grand and solemn, standing in front of Dacheng Hall, looking up at the sky and flying in the dark. It not only makes people deeply feel that Confucianism "has the heart of heaven and earth, the life of the people, the industry of the former dynasty, and the peace of the world."
In the west gate of Longchuan, Gong Xue, there is a test shed. Longchuan test shed is one of the few imperial examination places, which provides valuable information for studying the imperial examination in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since Longchuan established the test shed, many children from Heping, Li Anping, Zijin, Xingning and Wuhua counties have come here to take the test.
Since the Tang Dynasty, people in Longchuan started from Wenwei and Cody was reelected. According to statistics, from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were 28 Jinshi, including Jinshi165,438+02, Gongsheng 164, and more than 2,000 Jinshi.
Several not-so-thick wooden columns in the experimental shed support the high tile surface. Each window of the experimental shed should have a single room, with a height of 2m, a width of 1 m and a depth of1.3m.. This is the place where candidates take exams during the day and stay at night. After the abolition of the imperial examination in the late Qing Dynasty, the school was established here.