In early childhood education, children must have five abilities, such as good curiosity, attention, observation, memory and thinking ability. How should parents cultivate their children's five abilities? Let's take a look at what the parenting experts suggest first. How do they cultivate children's attention, observation, memory and thinking ability?
Cultivate children's thirst for knowledge
In the psychological clinic, we often hear parents say that children are not interested in learning, but are interested in playing. So, how can children treat learning like watching TV and playing games?
First of all, parents should stimulate and guide their children's thirst for knowledge from an early age. Children especially like to ask "why" and "what's going on" when they are 3 to 5 years old. In the face of children's strange problems, some parents are tongue-tied, while others are impatient and unwilling to be pestered endlessly by their children. In fact, these problems are just the seeds of children's knowledge. Parents should patiently explain to their children one by one in easy-to-understand language, guide them to read "100,000 Why" specially prepared for children, take them to nature, and let them have a perceptual understanding of some physical phenomena. If there is nothing wrong with the child, parents should take the initiative to tell the child. Don't think that children are too young to understand. In fact, they can learn a lot when they seem to understand. Children's brains are very active, so parents can't ignore their childhood education.
Second, parents should enthusiastically encourage their children's interest in learning. Once there was a parent who asked his two-and-a-half-year-old child to draw pictures, the original intention was to cultivate the child's interest, but when the parents saw the child draw a bird into a big black pimple in his heart, they could not help but say that the child was "so stupid! What is it? " This attitude of parents will definitely have a great impact on children's enthusiasm for learning, because parents are the first authoritative evaluators in children's minds, and they are particularly eager to get their parents' affirmation, but parents often don't realize this and often destroy their children's thirst for knowledge irresponsibly and easily. When children do well, they should be praised in time, but when children do badly or fail, they should first find their creative side and then encourage them. And you can also insert 49 ways to teach children!
Third, for children who are not interested in learning because of learning difficulties, parents should patiently help them find the reasons for their difficulties and help them master scientific learning methods. Some children are not attentive in class, do not do homework after class, and are often reprimanded or even beaten by their parents, which will inevitably form a vicious circle, and children's interest in learning will become lower and lower. For children with learning difficulties, parents can find a psychologist to check and evaluate their learning ability, find out their problems and correct them in a scientific way.
Cultivate children's observation.
Some children are most afraid of writing compositions. It takes half a day to write an article. The content is like a running account, dry and lacking in emotion. Some children are indifferent to the colorful life events around them, or are unaware of them, or even don't understand common sense ... these are all caused by the lack of development of children's observation. Observation is a part of children's psychological development, which is cultivated and developed from childhood. The younger the child, the worse his observation. With the growth of children's age, parents should pay attention to whether the development of children's observation ability is normal. First of all, it depends on whether children are random and purposeful when observing things. For example, can he look at what you are pointing to and keep it for a while? If his attention is particularly easily distracted, it is a certain problem to look here and there for a while, and it is unstable; Secondly, it depends on whether the child observes carefully. Because children with poor observation often only pay attention to the outline of things, pay little attention to the relationship between the parts of things, observe things they like more carefully, and turn a blind eye to things that are not interested; Third, it depends on the independence of children to observe things. Children are often easily influenced and hinted by their parents and teachers, and will not describe what they see in their own language; Fourth, it depends on whether the child's observation is stable. Whether children observe things for a short time, and whether they are easily disturbed by irrelevant stimuli and shift their goals.
The development of children's observation ability is developed in a rich environment, which is naturally the best classroom. Parents should always take their children to see, listen, smell, touch and taste all kinds of sensory information in the natural environment, ask their children more questions during the experience, try to let them ask more questions and encourage them to express their opinions. Guide children to observe the laws of things and the order of observation and analysis. Match the children to see who can find more details, or who can quickly search for a target.
When children observe things, they need to absorb information through various sensory organs and then transmit it to the brain center for analysis and processing. If the child's sensory system has not been fully trained since childhood, there will be phenomena such as slow response, unsystematic observation, and empty composition content. This requires necessary psychological training to help children open their emotional pores.
Cultivate children's thinking ability
Some children can do calculation problems, but they are confused when they encounter application problems. Most of them use the concepts and laws they have learned flexibly. Looking closely at these children, they all have some common problems, such as poor language generalization ability, difficulty in describing things like a running account, and difficulty in summarizing paragraphs and central ideas. There are also children who can visualize operations, but they don't understand abstract operations ... These problems are related to children's thinking ability. Children's thinking ability needs to be cultivated to develop gradually.
The development of children's thinking can be divided into three stages: action thinking stage, concrete image thinking stage and abstract logical thinking stage.
Children under the age of three mainly think in action, and thinking is carried out in action. Children's initial actions are often chaotic and aimless, and later they understand the relationship between actions and results in the process of continuous operation. For example, when a one-year-old child sees a doll on the table and wants to reach it, he will unconsciously scream and grab the tablecloth. In this way, the doll will be pulled by the tablecloth, and the child will learn to use other things to achieve his goal in the future. Three-year-old children started slapping the ball at random and didn't understand the relationship between their actions and the ball bouncing. After learning and training, he gradually understood the relationship and learned the correct racket movements. During this period, it is very important to train children's movements and sports. Therefore, it is essential to train children's ability of balance and coordination such as crawling, tumbling and jumping, as well as activities that help children's thinking development such as kneading plasticine and putting blocks. On the contrary, restricting children's activities and only letting them watch TV, play toys and play video games will affect their thinking development.
Children aged three to six have the advantage of figurative thinking, and they lack three-dimensional sense and sense of space. Do not believe me, if you take two cups with the same volume but different shapes and ask them to pick out who is bigger and who is smaller, they will definitely not be able to answer. When doing calculations, it is easy to understand with Apple as an example; Add and subtract numbers, and they won't be able to react. At this stage, parents should pay attention to increasing their children's experience, enriching their vocabulary and giving them more opportunities to do it. When children unpack toys or building blocks, help them understand the relationship between plane and three-dimensional, play picture classification and comparison games with children, let children learn to summarize and abstract from concrete, use their curiosity, often ask them various questions, and guide them to observe things and phenomena. Some parents and teachers teach their children to read, write and calculate, which is one-sided and rigid, which is not conducive to their thinking development.
The age of six to eleven is the key period to cultivate children's abstract logical thinking ability. In this period, it is necessary to cultivate children's correct thinking procedures and scientific thinking methods. Parents can ask their children, "There is a big box with three small boxes, and each small box has four small boxes. Then, how many boxes are there? " Some children can't figure it out because they can't consider the structure of the topic step by step and make correct calculations. In addition, parents should cultivate children's good thinking habits, let them learn to think independently, and don't give them ready-made answers.
Children's thinking ability is gradually developed, and abstract logical thinking ability is developed on the basis of action thinking and image thinking. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate children's early thinking ability. If there is insufficient training in the early stage, it needs scientific strengthening in the later stage. Therefore, psychologists believe that children who lack early exercise should be trained in their comprehensive ability of perception and action to promote their psychological development.
Improve children's attention
Parents prefer to train their children to read, count, recite children's songs and recite Tang poems. When they are training their children very early, but if the children are not attentive, they can't remember what you taught, and they can't sit down and listen carefully. So parents should pay attention to cultivating their children's concentration. Psychologists' research shows that attention is related to vestibular balance.
Vestibular organ is an important organ in the brain, which controls human gravity (gravity of the earth) and sense of balance. The sense of gravity, the judgment of the relationship between the body and the environment, the control of the body balance, the correct grasp of the sense of direction and distance, and turning, climbing, sitting, standing and running are all related to the vestibular organs. Children with vestibular balance dysfunction are characterized by: disorientation, disorientation, frequent stumbling, love to climb high, run in circles, dizziness without rotation, fear of walking on the balance beam and so on. Fidgeting in school, inattention, inattention in class, like to play tricks, impetuous, irritable, lack of self-confidence. They are more likely to give their parents trouble than ordinary children, and they are very picky. It is difficult for them to share happiness with others, and they are unwilling to share toys and food with others, let alone consider the needs of others. Some children may also have language development retardation, speaking late, language expression difficulties and so on. Some children can't learn by themselves, which also affects classroom discipline and makes teachers feel very headache. The causes of vestibular balance dysfunction include abnormal fetal position, insufficient early activity, insufficient crawling, and premature use of walkers for a long time.
The training of children's vestibular balance function should start from pregnancy. In the first three months, the fetus mainly develops the brain nervous system, but at this time, mothers are very nervous and rarely move in order to "protect the fetus", and some pregnant women have to lie in bed for several months. In fact, pregnant women should exercise properly throughout pregnancy, such as walking and doing some housework. After the child is born and comes home, he can do training such as prone head-up and head-up for a few seconds every day. Shake the child properly and don't always let the child lie in bed and look at the ceiling. Children are trained to turn over for three months, sit for six months and climb for seven or eight months. According to the survey, many children learn to walk without crawling. Psychologists have found that adequate crawling training is closely related to children's attention, motor coordination and language ability. Therefore, parents should not use walkers for their children too early, nor should they go beyond the crawling stage. /kloc-started to train children to walk at the age of 0/2 months, and then gradually trained to run, jump, hop on one leg, walk on the balance beam, sit on the slide, jump rope, shoot the ball, sit on the spinning game and other activities. For children who have been found to have attention problems, they can find a psychologist to do psychological examination, and then carry out targeted behavior correction.
Improve children's memory
Memory is an important part of children's learning ability. If the memory ability is underdeveloped or has obstacles, it will affect children's acquisition and storage of knowledge.
Some children can repeat or recite a text quickly, but they don't know how to explain the words in the text, let alone write a composition in their own language. Parents think that this is a problem of writing ability, and they try their best to make up the composition for their children, but after attending many remedial classes, it is still the same. In fact, the root of this problem lies in the fact that children do not effectively absorb relevant information into their brains when learning other people's experiences or experiencing life events around them, nor do they keep it well. For example, he may have just finished reading Edison's story, but when you ask him who invented the electric light, he can't answer. Some children find it difficult to remember Chinese new words and foreign words, and sometimes even forget all the homework left by the teacher. Parents and teachers often think that children are not serious about learning attitude, and some parents even try to correct their children's learning attitude by spanking.
In fact, this is not a problem of learning attitude, but the uncoordinated neurological function of children's brains, which leads to inattention and inability to effectively absorb information. The characteristic of these children is that they like spinning rides very much, because they never get dizzy, while some children, on the other hand, get dizzy even by car. From the psychological point of view, the former is because vestibular organs get information from the outside world too slowly; The latter is because the vestibular organs are too sensitive. These are all manifestations of vestibular organ dysfunction, and vestibular organ is the attention and coordination center of the person in charge. Therefore, the training of children's vestibular organs is very important to improve children's attention and enhance their memory. The training method is under the guidance of psychologists, using balance beam, drum, swing, trampoline and other equipment to carry out a series of special training.
In addition, children who can't remember new words should focus on training their visual memory and graphic memory ability; For children who often make mistakes in copying questions, we should train their digital memory ability. The time ability in memory should also be arranged scientifically. It's best to put things to remember before going to bed in the morning and at night. At the same time, the child's brain should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, rest every 50 minutes 10 minutes, let him do some housework and do some sports activities to improve memory efficiency.