First, according to the research field.
From the research field, it can be divided into social science papers and natural science papers. Social science papers are mainly written by describing complex social phenomena, expounding the laws of social development and change, and analyzing and solving social problems. Natural science papers mainly describe natural phenomena, explain natural development and changes, analyze and solve problems existing in the development of natural science, conduct active research, and publish their own views and opinions.
Second, according to the research method.
According to the research methods, it can be divided into descriptive papers, summary papers and applied papers.
Descriptive paper mainly refers to a kind of paper that analyzes and clarifies things through logical forms such as concept, judgment and reasoning, combined with expressions such as discussion and explanation, so as to achieve the purpose of the author's expounding his new views and opinions. It can be divided into two categories: first, argumentative papers and refuting papers. Argumentative writing, mainly through putting facts, reasoning and other ways, positively expounds the author's views and opinions; Argumentative writing is mainly an article that discriminates and refutes other people's views and establishes one's own views and opinions in the process of reasoning with facts. From the description of its definition, we can see that descriptive papers are theoretical and logical, and the expression is mainly discussion.
This paper mainly takes a problem in a certain field as the research object, introduces or comments on the research results obtained by predecessors from vertical, horizontal and vertical directions, and publishes the author's own opinions through induction and summary. "Its purpose is to let readers see the nature, scale, process, state and trend of a certain glasses achievement. It is characterized by narrative-oriented, narrative-centered discussion, and sometimes more discussion than narrative "(Liu et al. Guidance and writing of professional papers for students majoring in economic management [M]. Changsha: Central South University Press, 2000, 3rd edition).
An applied paper mainly refers to an article that takes a social phenomenon or problem as the research object, uses a certain theory to judge and analyze the data collected through empirical research, and the author puts forward corresponding policies or measures. Effective, practical and targeted.
Third, according to the form of the paper.
From the paper form, it can be divided into term or academic papers, subject papers, degree papers, investigation reports, internship reports and research papers. Term papers, dissertations and practice reports are the papers that college students must complete during their study. Investigation reports and research papers can be written by college students or not, but researchers must master them skillfully.
Term or academic year papers mainly refer to papers independently completed by students in Grade Three (including Grade Three) and above under the guidance of teachers, using the basic knowledge and research methods learned for the first time. This kind of thesis is equivalent to students' independent homework, which often lays the foundation for graduation thesis writing and has low academic requirements. Its purpose is to require students to gain some experience in writing papers, and to understand and master the basic writing steps and methods of papers.
Subject papers mainly refer to articles written independently by students after studying a course (subject), requiring them to explore and study the problems and phenomena in the fields involved in the subject by using the theories and methods of the subject. The students who write subject papers are mainly master students and doctoral students. This kind of paper requires a certain academic nature, that is, a strong theoretical analysis and the depth of the problem. This is actually the preparation and intensive training for writing a master's and doctoral thesis.
Dissertation mainly refers to the thesis written by students in order to obtain a degree, also known as graduation thesis. Dissertations, mainly including bachelor's dissertations, master's dissertations and doctoral dissertations. Students with different educational levels must write dissertations in order to obtain corresponding degrees. Dissertation is an article that examines students' basic knowledge in a certain field, studies social phenomena or problems by using theories and methods in this research field, and is independently completed under the guidance of tutors. The requirements for dissertations, especially doctoral dissertations, are academic, cutting-edge, pioneering and innovative. Different levels of dissertations require different words, and bachelor's dissertations require 5000 words to 1000 words; The number of words required for a master's thesis is between 20,000 and 50,000; The doctoral thesis requires more than 80 thousand words. Graduation thesis belongs to the category of academic thesis.
Fourth, according to the professional field.
From the perspective of disciplines, there are mainly professional papers on philosophy, economy, literature, politics, administration, mathematics, physics and so on. Philosophy thesis is mainly about discussing and studying the basic problems of philosophy, philosophical thinking methods and the development of philosophical thoughts, and expressing my own opinions and opinions. Economics papers mainly refer to articles that study ideas in the economic field, discuss and study their existing problems, and express their own views and opinions. A literary thesis mainly refers to an article that discusses the theory and existing problems in the field of literature and expounds one's own views and opinions. The same is true of professional papers in politics, administration, mathematics and physics.
5. According to the research scope.
According to the size of the research scope, the paper is divided into macro-type papers and micro-type papers. Macro-type papers, compared with micro-type papers, mainly refer to articles that study universality, overall situation and wholeness and have important guiding significance to their parts. Generally speaking, most of them are highly theoretical articles with the characteristics of * * * and guidance; Micro-essays mainly refer to articles that study specific issues, which have the characteristics of strong pertinence and strong pertinence.