Shenyang Hongxuexuan riddles club was born in the late Qing Dynasty.
Like folk riddles, lantern riddles originated from ancient argot. As for the appearance of riddles, it can be traced back to the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Dalu once sent a letter to Bird, and Jin Wu released it at night. One of the important contents of the evening was all kinds of gameplay, amazing skills, wits and wits, and guessing puzzles. In Song Dynasty, Zhou Mi mentioned the combination of lamp and mystery for the first time in Old Wulin Lantern: "There are also poems cut with silk lamps to satirize the meaning, draw characters, hide argot and old Beijing slang to tease pedestrians." It can be seen that the Lantern Festival in Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty opened a precedent for riddles.
The naming of riddles began in the Ming Dynasty. According to the Ming Dynasty's "Ancient Su Zhi", "The lantern market in Shangyuan, solve riddles on the lanterns called it' playing the wall lamp'." In the collection of Jiangzhen, he wrote: "A good man, or a Tibetan poem, is called' lantern riddle' or' jumping over the wall'." The so-called "wall lamp" means that one side of the lantern is against the wall and three sides are covered with riddles. It is called "lantern riddle" because it sticks a riddle on the lamp. Because it is the ornament of the Lantern Festival, it is also called "Spring Lantern riddle". Different from folk riddles, lantern riddles are "literary riddles" based on the meaning of words. It mainly focuses on the meaning of words or the structure of sentence patterns. With the help of polysemy, stroke combination and image description of Chinese characters, puzzles and answers are linked in meaning or pattern through different ways of interpretation, understanding, borrowing, pictographic, word splitting and homophonic. Because riddles are based on words, any words expressed in words can be used as answers. Therefore, the answers to riddles cover a wide range, including words, idioms, vocabulary, poems, ancient prose, Chinese and foreign place names, books and periodicals, movies, television, dramas and all kinds of things. In general, the characters in riddles are short and pithy, paying attention to the refinement of words and sentences, mostly some commonly used words, idioms or famous poems, which are characterized by exquisite and concise words and strong generality. There are many strict rules for guessing riddles, for example, riddles should be written, riddles and answers should not have the same words, answers should be appropriate and rigorous, and there should be no unconnected idle words. In addition, there are various riddles in lantern riddles, and solve riddles on the lanterns must follow the requirements of riddles. Because riddles involve a wide range of cultural knowledge, it is necessary for riddlers to have a certain cultural level to be competent.
According to the existing historical research, the real rise of Shenyang lantern riddle activity with Chinese characters as creative materials, hanging lanterns and putting lanterns on the Yuan Dynasty was around the end of Qing Dynasty.
Modern Painters' Explanation of Lights in Qing Dynasty
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Liu Tingji (word Yuheng, number Gezhuang, number Zaiyuan), a red flag man of the Han army, made an investigation on the riddles in Shi Jing and Huaiyang, and wrote An Introduction to the riddles, which was included in Three Seas Series Zaiyuan Magazine (Volume 3). The content of the article is all-encompassing, which not only traces the origin of riddles, but also describes the scenes of free association and solve riddles on the lanterns. This paper not only analyzes the common puzzles, but also lists the common puzzles. The spread of this culture aroused great interest of intellectuals in Shengjing, the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, and played a catalytic role in the germination of traditional lantern riddles in Shenyang.
Wang Guanglie, owner of Hongxuexuan riddles club.
In the early years of Guangxu, Miao Runlong first provoked the lantern riddle "girder". Miao Runlong (1851-1939), whose real names are Lin Dong, Lin Dong, Tai Su, fishing in cold areas, Zhengbaiqi of Han army, Shenyang. He is the great-grandson of Miao Gongen, a famous person in Shengjing. In the 18th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1892), he was a scholar, served as Jishi Shu, director of the household reform department of the Hanlin Academy, and was the magistrate and alternate magistrate of Zhili Prefecture in Linqing, Shandong Province. Living in Shenyang in his later years. He is the author of Poems of Han Guangtang, Trial of Han Guangtang, Bai Yong of Shenyang, Miscellaneous Notes of the Capital, and Trial Guidelines. 1877, he and his literary friends Xiaofeng, Chunshuzhai, Zeng and others organized a poetry club and lantern festival in Wenshan Room, Nanhui, Gulou, Shengjing. In addition to singing poems, they also wrote "Zi Yue Shu", and wrote couplets and riddles to make mutual suspicions and correct mistakes. On holidays, "Lantern Festival" hangs riddles in the teahouse near the Drum Tower for tea drinkers to guess. If there is a guess, the jigsaw puzzle maker will give it to each other as a souvenir. The mystery at that time was recorded in detail in the preface of Miao Runba's Mystery Selection series in the eighth year of Guangxu (1882). It can be said that Miao Runfu was the most famous disciple's calligraphy and riddle writer at that time. He wrote four volumes of disciple's calligraphy, Jinshui Temple, the film "Strange Records" and "Mysteries".
The riddle created by Hongxuexuan riddle club.
In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Hongxuexuan crossword club was born in Shengjing, which was the first large-scale crossword club in Shenyang, and it was also earlier than the crossword clubs in Beijing and Shanghai. Wang Guanglie is the boss of Hongxuexuan riddles club, and there are more than 20 members. Du Renjiu, Feng, Liu Yubin, Hong,, Qin Xiquan, Shen Mengjiu and others are the main members. The office is located in a private house in Wang Guanglie (now Binhe Sub-district Office in Shenhe District).
Mr. Ma Erqin, a famous doctor in Liaoshen
Wang Guanglie (1880- 1953), a native of Shenyang, is admired for his reading, and many people call him Wang Xizhe because of his name "Xizhe Lu". He was praised by Kang Youwei as one of the "Three Talents in Northeast China" (the other two were scholar You and calligrapher Rong Mengmei), a famous seal engraver in Northeast China, and exchanged calligraphy and painting with masters such as Wu Changshuo and Qi Baishi. Wang Guanglie is good at poetry and prose, good at seal cutting (epigraphy), good at all kinds of calligraphy styles, and also studied all kinds of Yin Shi. During the Republic of China, he served as the president of the "Jinshi Painting and Calligraphy Research Association" in Shenyang and the editor-in-chief of the Shenyang Bulletin. After the September 18th Incident, he moved to Changchun and became the editor-in-chief of the Puppet Manchukuo Book Company and New Manchukuo. He has written a lot in his life, including Hundreds of Examples of Seal Cutting, Notes on Seal Cutting, Modern Significance of Seal Calligraphy, Selected Works of Gu Quan, Collected Seal by Western Philosophers, Collected Seal by Western Philosophers, and Folk Seal of Fujiaoshan. He also published famous paintings and calligraphy collected in his life in Fu Zi. Wang Guanglie's calligraphy and seal cutting have a great influence on later generations.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, various mysterious societies spread all over the country. At that time, the most famous ones were Yangzhou Zhuxi Houshe, 1906 Beiping Tiger Shooting Society,191kloc-0/Shanghai Ping She. At that time, the most famous riddle club outside the customs was Hongxuexuan lantern riddle club, and Hongxuexuan was their big brother before the Beijing-Shanghai riddle club.
The riddle created by Mr. Ma Erqin (Word Bath Book)
With the passage of time, the members of Hongxuexuan riddle club have moved out or died, and the riddle club is declining. The activities of that year. It is impossible to cover everything. We can only get a glimpse of the poems written by Wang Guanglie for Wei Rongxian's Hu Wenji in 1942. A poem by Wang Guanglie wrote:
Ling Du has died in Feng Tang (referring to Du Renjiu and Feng).
I shoot tigers with spring lanterns.
It has snowed for more than forty years (there is a mystery in the Hu Wen Collection forty years ago).
It's hard to turn back.
Another reminiscence poem is more vivid:
Ten kinds of kind words, (referring to all kinds of riddles)
There are both good interests and benefits here.
The sound of leather has not yet started, (referring to the sound of drums and gongs, which missed the drums and played gongs)
When you want to engage in intrigue.
There is also a poem through a mystery, reminiscing about mystery friends:
Identify the number of words in the business lamp,
Every time I think back to Liu Lang.
Awaken the fragrance of butterflies,
Silver obviously wants to break his heart.
Note: "Liulang" in the poem refers to Liu Ren 'an, a mysterious friend who has been dead for many years. "Dream Butterfly Immortal Hall Incense Messenger" is the seal of that year, and there is also an article in Hu Wen's collection.
From 1932, nineteen-year-old Wei Rongxian (formerly known as Wei Zhendong, born in Yin 'an, 19 13) and Mi Wang Guanglie and Ma Erqin (formerly known as Ma Yinglin, born in Ziyushu, 1892) were both from Shenyang. He is a famous doctor in Liaoning and Shenyang, and is famous for his good poems and books. After getting to know others, he made a name for himself in Shenyang riddles, and then he took over the banner of "Shenyang riddles". At that time, he gave up his job as a tailor to make a living and engaged in lantern riddles. Every holiday, invitations from all over the world come one after another, and he always goes and never refuses. Crossword puzzles have been set up in more than 50 places, including Tianyitang Pharmacy in Zhongjie, Tonghetang in Daximen, Lizhanzhang Pen Store in Zhonglou, Changsheng Yong Antique Store and Central Plains Shopping Mall, such as teahouse, lettering shop, teahouse, drugstore, bookstore and pen store, and the footprints have been left in Shuangliao, Changchun and other places. He also wrote an article in the newspaper and edited Hu Wenji, which shocked Liao Ji.
Since then, the lantern riddles in Shenyang have not disappeared because of the September 18th Incident and the Sino-Japanese War, but are still popular among urban intellectuals and citizens.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/946, Wei Rongguang, with the help of the Liaoning Provincial People's Education Museum, established the People's Tiger Shooting Society, which was composed of more than 20 people, including Jin Tangqi, Chang Guiwu, Ma, Guan Rongan and Du Yan. The activity mode of "Tiger Shooter Club" is: every Sunday afternoon, members gather together with homemade riddles, discuss with each other, recommend excellent riddles to newspapers and periodicals, and often engage in some external shooting activities for fans' entertainment. 1947 10, the Tiger Shooting Society conducted a large-scale mysterious shooting in Shenyang Forbidden City in two places. Later, member Guan Rongan described the incident in an impromptu poem: "In front of the temple where the tiger was shot and the emperor bowed, bright lights shone on the red letterhead. ……"
Before 1949, the development of traditional riddles in Shenyang was slow, and speculation and research were mostly confined to a few "cultural people" circles; The number of mystery clubs is small, and the research scope is mostly based on four books and five classics and ancient poems, which are not social and mass. In addition, the vast majority of activities are mainly concentrated in the commercial district of Zhongjie in Shenhe District.
Now Shenyang lantern riddle has formed its own style.
After the founding of New China, Shenyang lantern riddles had a new development. In 1950s and 1960s, cultural centers, libraries, many enterprises and trade unions in several districts of Shenyang often engaged in mass lantern riddles on holidays. Wei Rongxian, one of the owners of the People's Tiger Shooting Society, not only personally participated in or directed these activities, but also popularized the knowledge of riddles through various methods.
Mr. Wei Rongxian is giving a riddle lecture.
1963 In March, Shenyang Cultural Palace established the first amateur lantern riddle research group in the city. Wei Rongxian became the team leader. The troupe has trained a group of young and middle-aged riddle lovers and become the backbone of the sustainable development of Shenyang riddle.
From 1976 to the early 1990s, Shenyang lantern riddles entered the most glorious period in history. There are already more than 20 lantern riddle research organizations. These groups hold regular activities to create, collect and study lantern riddles. Municipal Workers' Cultural Palace, Municipal Cultural Palace, cultural centers in Shenhe District, Heping District and Dadong District, "Songling", "Liming" and "May 3rd" factories are more influential. Most lantern riddle organizations insist on self-financing to publish regular or irregular lantern riddle periodicals for grass-roots units to carry out activities. Riddle periodicals such as New Lantern Riddle, Mystery Forest Miaojing, Deep Water Riddle Magazine, New Bud, Deep Water Qian Wen Hu and Open-air Hu Wen are of certain quality, and individual riddle collections, theme riddle collections and loose-leaf riddle publications are also published continuously. At that time, Shenyang published more than 50 kinds of mystery novels and magazines, with nearly 20,000 copies. In Shenyang lantern riddle activities, except for routine internal textual research, a large number of activities were taken by the masses. On holidays, there are fixed venues for activities and "guerrilla" venues. Newspapers, radio and television often hold lantern riddles. Shenyang Daily, shenyang evening news Daily and Liaoning Daily have set up regular columns, and nearly ten quiz activities have attracted hundreds of thousands of fans to participate.
1984 12. The Shenyang Lantern Festival, a folk art association, was established, creating a new situation in the world of riddles in Shenyang. The first batch of participants was nearly 300 people. Wei Rongxian became the first president of the society, and soon formed a puzzle-solving pattern with him and other older generation puzzle-solvers as the core and young and middle-aged people as the team.
At that time, the representatives of the mysterious circle were:
Shi Mi (1935—2002) was born in Shenyang, a middle school teacher. 1955 I began to like riddles when I was in middle school. 1957 when I was in college, I organized a lantern riddle report. 1963 participated in the lantern riddle research group of the municipal cultural palace, met Mr. Wei Rongxian and became mysterious friends. 1977 edited one of the earliest mystery magazines in China, Winter jasmine. From 65438 to 0997, he served as the head of the lantern riddle research group in the Cultural Palace, edited the magazine Mysterious Forest Miao Jing and compiled more than 20 kinds of lantern riddles. He participated in many national puzzles and achieved gratifying results. 1989 was named as one of the "Top 100 riddles in China". He edited and published many riddles and knowledge books. He used to be the vice chairman of the city lantern riddle association.
Shi Yan, the riddler, explained the riddle to the students.
Wei Rongxian (middle in the front row) disciple Wang (left in the front row) was instructed in the activities of the lantern riddle research group of Shenyang Workers' Cultural Palace.
Wang (1943 ——), a native of Shenyang, is a senior editor of the State. 65438-0955, interested in riddles, studied under the famous riddle artist Mr. Wei Rongxian. /kloc-When I was 0/9 years old, I organized the Unknown Lake Mystery Association. At the age of thirty-five, I began to tell riddles and write riddles. Later, Wei Rongxian introduced the riddle group of the Workers' Cultural Palace. During my work in Shenyang Daily, I was instructed by Lao Wei to report riddles, set up columns such as "daily riddles", created a TV movie "Lantern Festival" and organized the publication of "A Complete Book of Word Games". So far, I have organized 100 city-level riddle activities. He is currently the deputy secretary-general of Shenyang Folk Writers and Artists Association and the president of the city lantern riddle society.
Hou Yin (1935—20 15) was born in Jinzhou, a factory worker. 1952 began to create and publish puzzles. 1986 co-authored the TV series "Killing Tigers in the Mysterious Forest" with others and broadcast it in some cities. He also independently or cooperatively wrote 10 riddle books, created riddles and wrote more than 10000 articles. In the lantern riddle activity, I met Mr. Wei Rongxian and became a lantern riddle friend. He has achieved excellent results in various national intelligence competitions. He used to be the secretary general of the city lantern riddle society and is now a consultant.
In addition, there are Yang, Pan Jichao, Feng Shu, Gao Yushun, Bo Shaozhou, and "juvenile strong" Wu Dexian, Gong Naixiang, Zhang Qisheng, Zhao and other mysteries.
Shenyang Lantern Festival has also established extensive contacts with more than 200 lantern riddle organizations across the country. Representatives of Shenyang Lantern Festival went to other places to exchange and give lectures, and participated in large-scale activities of Lantern Festival 100; The invitation will be guessed about 200 times; Activities such as "solve riddles on the lanterns in three northeastern provinces and four cities" were carried out. Shenyang has become the center of riddles in Northeast China, and Wei Rongxian is known as "the master of riddles in Northeast China" and "the school of riddles outside the customs", and is also known as "the riddle circle in the south and the riddle circle in the north". Nanzhang refers to Zhang Qinan in Yongding, Fujian Province, and is the pillar of the "Tiger Shooting Club in Beiping" in the late Qing Dynasty, and is known as a "mysterious saint" with Yuan Tan Spring Lantern Talk. "Ma Bei" refers to Ma, a native of Linxia, Gansu Province, who lives in the northwest mystery altar. "Guan Waiwei" refers to Wei Rongxian.
1991September 18, Wei Rongxian, who promoted the development of lantern riddles in Shenyang and even Northeast China for more than half a century, died in Shenyang at the age of 78. Before his death, Mr. Wei donated hundreds of ancient riddles collected for many years to Liaoning Museum. After Mr. Wei died of illness, the China Lantern Festival Museum in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province erected a bust for him to commemorate his contribution to the China Lantern Festival.
After 1990s, with the deepening of reform and the transformation of enterprises and institutions, Shenyang lantern riddles are also developing with the times. After the death of Wei Rongxian, president of Shenyang Lantern Festival, Wang He and Wu Dexian, whom he trained before his death, continued to inherit and develop, and Hou Yin and Feng Shu also played corresponding roles. In addition to regularly convening members to make riddles and discuss theories, the society also sets riddles for corporate activities. In recent years, in large-scale mass entertainment activities such as Shenhe District, Heping District, Lantern Festival and Temple Fair, the Society organized dozens of members to set up puzzles in a street, the Forbidden City, Huangmiao Square, Beiling Park, Wulihe Park and Expo Park in the Qing Dynasty, which was well received by the masses. In May 2007, Shenyang traditional lantern riddles were listed in the provincial intangible cultural heritage list of Liaoning Province, which is "impacting" the national level.
At present, organized by the society, Shenyang Lantern Festival adheres to innovation and style on the basis of respecting tradition, making it a truly popular form of culture and entertainment, and has achieved different results from other regions. For example, the content of riddles has been expanded. In addition to word puzzles, it has inherited and developed things puzzles, poetry puzzles, face puzzles, printing puzzles, chess puzzles, calligraphy puzzles, action puzzles and audio-visual puzzles, and even created a new riddle "quantifier". Under the principle of "writing riddles", many riddles replace old, rigid, flattering and obscure words with fresh and lively words full of life and times; The phenomenon of abusing puzzles and showing off puzzles should be criticized. Pay attention to draw a clear line between strictness and boredom, elegance and mystery, and strive to create new riddles that the masses like.
Most comrades in Shenyang riddle circle believe that extracting and creating humorous riddles from real life gives people knowledge and joy-it has become the mainstream of Shenyang riddle style.