First, in China, it originally refers to classics, and books include books, picture albums, pictures and other publications.
A book is a work that records all kinds of knowledge on certain materials with symbols such as words and pictures, clearly expresses ideas, and makes a book. They are important tools for spreading all kinds of knowledge and ideas and accumulating human culture. With the development of history, it is constantly changing and changing in writing methods, materials used, binding forms and forms.
Second, books, e-books, overview, the history of books is closely related to the development of writing, language, literature, art, technology and science. It can be traced back to the inscriptions on stones, wood, pottery, bronzes, palm leaves, bones, birch bark and so on. The use of papyrus greatly promoted the development of books. Around the 30th century BC, Egyptian papyrus scrolls appeared, which was the earliest embryonic form of Egyptian books. The papyrus scroll is closer to the concept of modern books than the clay tablets of Sumer, Babylon, Assyria and Hittite. Jane Eyre, the earliest official book in China, appeared around the 8th century BC. Du Yu in the Western Jin Dynasty said in the Preface to the Spring and Autumn Classics: "The book of great events is based on policy, and the small things are simple." Before the invention of paper, bamboo slips were the main form of books in China. Bamboo and wood are cut into long and narrow bamboo chips or wood chips, which are collectively called Jane, and slightly wider rectangular wood chips are called "squares". Some abridged versions are called "strategies" (volumes), also called "simple strategies", and the pimps or ropes used for weaving are called "weaving".
3. The records of ancient books in China, such as Shangshu, Shijing, Chunqiu Zuoshi Biography, Guoyu, Shiji, the chronology of bamboo books unearthed in the Western Jin Dynasty, and the Art of War unearthed in Linyi, Shandong Province in recent years, are all written in bamboo and wood. Later, people wrote in silk, which was called silk book. "Mozi" has a record that "the book is on the silk and engraved on the stone". Silk books are made of special silk fabrics and are called "Silk Books" or "Silk Books", so they are also called "Silk Books".
Fourth, the scroll
In the 2nd century BC, paper made of plant fibers appeared in China, such as Baqiao paper unearthed in Xi 'an in 1957. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, after Cai Lun summarized the previous experience and improved it to make Cai Hou Paper (AD 105), paper became the main material of books, and the scrolls of paper gradually replaced bamboo and silk books. China first invented and actually applied woodcut printing. As early as the beginning of the 7th century, China had used woodcut to print books. Before the invention of printing, China's books were mainly scrolls. In the 10 century, books in the form of leaves appeared in China, which gradually replaced scrolls and became books in the same form all over the world.
Five, movable type printing.
165438+In the 1940s, movable type printing first appeared in China, and gradually spread to other countries in the world. East to Korea and Japan, south to Southeast Asian countries, west to the Middle and Near East to European countries, which promoted the production of books and the exchange and development of human culture.
In the 6th and 4th centuries, China invented overprinter color printing. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/5th century, the German J. Gutenberg invented metal movable type printing. Movable type printing accelerates the production process of books and is widely used in European countries. From 15 to 16 century, an economical, beautiful and portable book was made. Elsevier, a Dutch company, printed pocket-sized books. From 15 to 18 century, China compiled, edited and published a large number of encyclopedias and series-Yongle Dadian, Integration of Ancient and Modern Books, Sikuquanshu and so on.