I. Present situation of water conservancy project construction At present, the main problems existing in the process of water conservancy project construction in China are improper handling of construction technology, which increases the project cost, affects the construction progress and destroys the construction environment. In the construction of water conservancy projects, earthwork construction, formwork construction, pile foundation construction and seepage control construction are all very important. Due to improper handling of construction technology, it is easy to cause environmental damage. In the process of water conservancy construction, there is a lack of strict monitoring and management of land use, and there are many random demolition and construction of temporary buildings, which directly leads to land waste and soil erosion [1]. Improper technical treatment in the construction process may directly cause river blockage and affect subsequent construction. In the construction of water conservancy projects, the control and management of water quality still need to be strengthened. At present, in the construction of water conservancy projects, due to the problem of intercepting and storing water, the water quality in the downstream of the region is affected, and the improper treatment of engineering wastewater affects people's normal water use, which violates the fundamental principle of "benefiting the people" in water conservancy projects. At the same time, the construction of water conservancy projects will cause noise pollution and air pollution to a certain extent. Due to the blasting and mechanical operation in the construction process, a lot of noise and smoke are produced, which not only affects the construction safety of workers, but also affects people's normal life and health. Second, the key construction technology of water conservancy project In order to effectively control the construction process of water conservancy project, improve the construction efficiency and avoid the above problems in the construction process, it is necessary to increase the research on the technical points of water conservancy project.
This paper makes a detailed analysis from four aspects: earthwork construction, formwork construction, pile foundation construction and seepage prevention construction, aiming at providing a powerful reference for strengthening technical construction through theory, improving the overall construction quality of water conservancy projects, and realizing a win-win situation of economic benefits and social benefits of engineering construction enterprises. (1) Earthwork construction. Earthwork construction is the foundation construction link in water conservancy project construction, and several key points should be paid attention to in earthwork construction: first, attention should be paid to protecting surrounding buildings during earthwork excavation to ensure that earthwork excavation will not affect the foundation, and at the same time, the excavation speed should be controlled during earthwork excavation to avoid freezing the foundation; Secondly, the important link in the process of earthwork construction is the protection of foundation pit [2]. After earthwork excavation, comprehensive measures should be taken to protect the foundation pit to promote the thermal insulation of water conservancy projects. In addition, the drainage of the foundation pit should be done well to ensure the safety of the foundation pit and avoid the collapse of the earth wall caused by poor drainage of the foundation pit. Then carry out earthwork backfilling, and clean the foundation pit during earthwork backfilling to avoid the construction danger caused by too many sundries left at the bottom of the foundation pit. Earthwork backfill must pay attention to the thickness of soil layer, including backfill soil layer thickness and compacted soil layer thickness. In order to avoid local collapse in the construction of water conservancy projects, grouting reinforcement should be done well and advanced small conduits should be used for construction. The length of the conduit should be controlled at about 1700 mm, which is a 25 mm seamless steel pipe, and the insertion angle of the small conduit should be controlled at 25.
Finally, the seasonal requirements of earthwork construction are high, so it is necessary to avoid winter construction and ensure the smooth progress of construction. In the process of construction, it is necessary to plan and manage the construction well, carry out the construction according to the expected progress, and complete the earthwork construction with good quality and quantity. In addition, in the process of earthwork construction, we should pay attention to the management of the construction site, including personnel management and construction technology management, do a good job in safety protection, and take anti-skid measures for construction vehicles to avoid safety accidents; In terms of personnel management, we should also strengthen safety protection, improve the awareness of safe construction and promote the safety of earthwork construction. (2) Formwork construction. Formwork construction in hydraulic engineering construction mainly includes three aspects of construction technical key points control: first, special formwork construction. The main technical methods used in the construction of special formwork are external bracing method and internal bracing method, and the main function of the two methods is to transfer shear force through the joint surface [3]. In the construction of special formwork, triangular, hemispherical or trapezoidal keyways should be set, and the template application material of keyways should be formed steel formwork. Second, the side template construction. The key point of side formwork construction technology lies in the examination and reading of construction drawings, and the axis and sideline are drawn through the cognition of drawings, which lays a good foundation for construction. At the same time, in order to ensure that the construction concrete has strong lateral pressure resistance, column hoop should be set on the column of the side formwork, and it should be fixed and supported after strict inspection. Third, the bearing template construction. Draw lines on the bottom formwork of beam slab, mark the beam axis, and master the elevation of beam bottom at the same time. The load-bearing formwork shall ensure the reliability of supporting bent design, and the top shall be supported by steel pipes, so that the middle part is higher than the two ends, forming a bulging. The spacing between columns should be about 1m, and the height direction should be arranged at the spacing of 1.2 ~ 1.5m, and scissors should be set between horizontal bent frames to enhance stability. (3) Pile foundation construction. In the construction of pile foundation engineering, we should pay attention to positioning measurement technology, opening technology and hole cleaning technology. Measurement and positioning technology mainly refers to measuring the pile position and setting up defense lines for the pile position. First of all, the accuracy should be strictly controlled according to the design and construction requirements of the benchmark elevation and hole location after being audited by the construction personnel. And in the process of drilling, real-time inspection and control of drilling center position, verticality, etc. During pile foundation construction, the opening is also constructed according to the actual situation, and the accurate construction is carried out according to the exploration report of a certain area to ensure the reasonable hole depth setting. In the process of drilling, it is necessary to measure and judge the contour lines of the construction site, strengthen the exploration of rock and soil layers and conduct comprehensive monitoring through sampling. Combined with scientific methods, comprehensively control the specific conditions of pile foundation, judge whether the pile foundation is stable, and strengthen the safety control in the construction process [4]. At the same time, in order to ensure the construction quality, the flatness of pile foundation should be controlled and managed to avoid deviation in construction and improve the construction efficiency. Hole cleaning is the cleaning of pile foundation after drilling. In the process of mud dilution, the hole wall safety and sediment concentration must be ensured.
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