Wu Cheng'en, one of the classical Four Great Classical Novels in China, and The Journey to the West, a novelist in Ming Dynasty, wrote China's first romance novel. This article mainly tells the story of the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand protecting the Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures. They encountered eighty-one difficulties along the way, turned evil spirits all the way, saved the day, and finally reached the Western Heaven and obtained the true scriptures.
Since the advent of The Journey to the West, it has been widely circulated among the people, and various versions have emerged one after another. There were six editions in Ming Dynasty, seven editions and manuscripts in Qing Dynasty, and thirteen editions of ancient books have been lost. After the Opium War, a large number of China classical literary works were translated into western languages and gradually spread to Europe and America. There are already English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Spanish (Esperanto), Sri Lankan (Swahili), Russia, Czech Republic, Romania, Poland, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam. He also published many research papers and monographs, and made a very high evaluation of this novel.
abstract
The stone monkey was born and made a scene in heaven.
Dongsheng Shenzhou has a Huaguo Mountain with a stone on the top. By the bright moonlight of the sun, a stone monkey was born. Stone monkeys seek the world's teachers. They were named the Monkey King under the guidance of Niu, the founder of Bodhi in Hezhou. They learned 72 kinds of changes, and a somersault cloud is feasible. When I came back, I called myself "the Monkey King" and went to the Dragon Palace to borrow weapons. He got the iron from Dayu Dinghai and turned it into a golden hoop, but it was big or small and weighed 13500 Jin. He went to the underworld again and erased the monkey's name from the book of life and death. The Dragon King and the Earth Treasure King went to heaven to complain that the Jade Emperor would send troops to capture them. [ 1]
Taibai Venus suggested that the Monkey King should be called into the upper bound, and given the title of "Imperial Horse and Supervising Horse" by Bi Marvin. At first, the Monkey King didn't know the size of his position. Later, when he learned the truth, he beat the heaven and returned to Huaguoshan, calling himself "the Great Sage of Qitian". [ 1]
The Jade Emperor sent Li Tianwang to lead the heavenly troops to capture the Monkey King, and the Monkey King defeated the giant spirit god and Nezha in a row. Taibai Venus came to Guo Hua for the second time, and asked the Monkey King to be the great sage in the sky and manage the flat peach garden. The Monkey King ate flat peaches secretly, stirred the flat peach banquet of the Empress Dowager, stole the elixir of Grandfather Lao Zi, and fled the Heavenly Palace. The Jade Emperor sent Li Tianwang to lead the heavenly soldiers to capture them, but both sides could not hold on. Guanyin Bodhisattva recommended Erlang National Football Team as an assistant. The Monkey King's gambling against Erlang God is a tie. Grandpa Lao Jun made hidden weapons fight Wukong. [ 1]
The Monkey King was caught. The jade emperor couldn't hurt Wukong's hair with a knife, an axe, fire and lightning. Grandpa Laojun put Wukong in the Dan furnace to exercise again, and turned on the furnace on July 49, but the Monkey King was still unscathed, and fought in the Heavenly Palace. The Jade Emperor invited the Tathagata, put the Monkey King at the foot of Wuxing Mountain, gave him iron balls to eat when he was hungry, and drank with his molten steel juice when he was thirsty. [ 1]
The reason of learning from the scriptures and the origin of mentoring
Tathagata Buddha killed many people and fought many wars because of the greed and enjoyment of the South Station, and sent Guanyin Bodhisattva to the east to find monks and go to the West to learn Buddhist scriptures and persuade all beings. In Liushahe, Zhanyundong and Wuxing Mountain, the Bodhisattva incarnates Sha Wujing, Zhu and Sun Wukong respectively, and will be the younger brother of oriental pilgrims in the future, and the White Dragon will be the foot strength of pilgrims. [ 1]
Emperor Taizong took part in the exam, and Chen Guangrui of Haizhou won the first prize. He was hit by Yin Wenjiao, the daughter of the Prime Minister, and became a good husband, but he was murdered by thieves Liu Hong and Zhang Biao on his way to Jiangzhou to take office. Yin Wenjiao gave birth to a son and threw it into the river. He was rescued by Faming monk Liu Jiang of Jinshan Temple and was ordained at the age of eighteen. The legal name is Xuanzang. After Xuanzang's mother and son met. Revenge on former enemies. [ 1]
The Dragon King of Jinghe River gambled on divination because of lack of rain and water, and violated the dogma, begging Taizong to save his life. Kevin·Z, the minister of Emperor Taizong, dreamed of beheading King Jinghe, and the soul of Emperor Taizong was forced to testify in the nether world. After its birth, the "Land and Water Conference" was established. Please invite Chen Xuanzang to preside over the ceremony and perform wonderful classics. Avalokitesvara Buddha statue means that Chen Xuanzang went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. Emperor Taizong recognized Xuanzang as his royal brother and gave him the name Sanzang. [ 1]
Tang Sanzang went west, fell into the magic cave when going through customs, and was rescued by Taibai Venus. Remove the Tathagata's imprint on Wuxing Mountain, rescue the Monkey King, and play the trumpet for him. When the Monkey King killed the robber who robbed the scriptures, the Tang Priest scolded someone, and the Monkey King left in a rage. Guanyin turned into an old mother, gave it to the Tang Priest with a golden flower hat and a spell, and coaxed Wukong into wearing the golden flower hat and embedding the golden hoop in the meat. When the Tang Priest recited a spell, Wukong had a terrible headache, which was the way Tang Priest used to bind Wukong. [ 1]
The master and the apprentice went west and collected the white dragon in Yingbeixi, and the white dragon became the mount of Tang Priest. In Kannonji, because Wukong showed off his robes, the elder Jinchi was greedy and wanted to burn the Tang Priest and his disciples, but Wukong managed to burn the temple. In the chaos, the cassock was stolen by the black wind monster. The Monkey King came to the South China Sea and invited Guanyin to personally replace the elixir. Lure the black wind monster to swallow it and subdue it. [ 1]
They went west and came to Gaolaozhuang, where the owner's daughter was taken away by a monster with a long mouth and big ears. Wukong chased Zhan Yundong and learned that the monster was Marshal Tian Peng. Because of flirting with Chang 'e, he mistakenly threw a pig fetus and was demoted to the lower bound. After being accepted by Guanyin, he was given a pig, Wuneng, and waited for Buddhist scriptures here, which led him to get to know the Tang Priest and named him Bajie as his second apprentice. Later, the Tang Priest taught the "Multiple Hearts Sutra" at the Wu Chao Zen Master in Futu Mountain. In Huang Fengling, when the strange wind blows, it is charming. The Monkey King asked Ji Ling, the Bodhisattva of Mount Sumi, to surrender to this monster. In Liushahe, they conquered the water monster named Sha Wujing by Guanyin, and made him wait for Buddhist scriptures in the East, named Friar Sand, and became the third disciple of Tang Priest. Four men and women waded through mountains and rivers and traveled west to learn from the scriptures. [ 1]
Frustration again and again, drop the devil and drop the devil
Guanyin Bodhisattva wanted to test the minds of Tang Priest and his disciples, and turned them and Lishan's mother Pu Xian and Manjusri into beautiful women and married them. The Tang Priest and other three people were unmoved, but Bajie was infatuated with women and was hung from a tree by a bodhisattva. In Wuzhuangguan, Wanshou Mountain, Wukong and others stole ginseng fruit, knocked down the fairy tree and were captured by Zhenyuanzi. Wukong invited Guanyin to save the fairy tree with nectar. Bai changed three times, trying to get Tang's disgust, but Wukong found out and killed the monster. Pig took the opportunity to gossip, but Tang Priest didn't tell the truth, so he drove Wukong away and was caught by Huang Paoguai. Princess Baihua, who was brought into the cave by Huang Paoguai, released Tang Priest and sent him to Baoxiang County to deliver a letter to Tang Priest's father and come to rescue him. Friar Sand in Bajie couldn't fight Huang Paoguai, but Friar Sand was caught and Tang Priest was turned into a tiger. Bajie wanted to go back to Gaolaozhuang, but Bai tried to persuade him. Please go back to the Monkey King when you get to Huaguoshan, and you four will continue to advance westward. [ 1]
King Jinjiao and King Yinjiao of the Lotus Cave in Pingdingshan wanted to get the Tang Priest. They had five treasures, including a gourd, a clean bottle, a sword, a fan and a magic rope. Wukong fought with him. After many hardships, I conquered these two monsters. King Wuji was pushed into the well by the lion spirit and drowned. The lion spirit changed the king. The ghost of the king asked the Tang Priest for help, and Bajie carried the body out of the well. Wukong got the elixir from the master and saved the king. Lion essence was originally transformed by the green-haired lion mounted by Manjusri Bodhisattva. [ 1]
Hong Haier, the son of the cow, hid in the cave of fire clouds and wanted to eat the meat of the Tang priest. Wukong can't compare with Hong Haier's samadhi. Please come to the bodhisattva to subdue the demon. Bodhisattva surrendered Hon Hai 'er and made him a Fuwa. The Dragon King of Heishui River became a ferryman. Lure the Tang Priest and Pig Bajie into the boat and sink into the Shuifu. The Monkey King invited Prince Moang, the dragon king of the West Sea, to catch the dragon and return to the West Sea. Che Chiguo, Hu Li, Lu Li and Yang Li, three great immortals, made contributions to the disaster relief and became famous Buddhist teachers. The king respects Taoism and destroys monks. Wukong and others fought against San exorcist and defeated them one by one, revealing their true colors. [ 1]
In the lotus pond in front of Guanyin, goldfish are refined and eat boys and girls in Tongtian River. Wukong and Bajie became boys and beat off the monster. The devil froze the Tongtian River, lured the Tang Priest to walk on the ice, swallowed the water house, and the Bodhisattva came. Bring goldfish back to the South China Sea. Your Majesty's Qing Niu Shan stole the king's diamond bracelet while the guard boy dozed off, and arrested Tang Priest in Jindou Cave. Wukong invited Leigong, Shui Bo, Eighteen Arhats, etc. All the weapons were taken away by monsters with diamond bracelets. Later, he found Taishang Laojun and took Qingniu back. [ 1]
The four of them continued to walk west. Tang Priest and Bajie drank the mother river to get pregnant, and Wukong drank the spring water to have an abortion, which relieved their fetal gas. Xiliang wanted to recruit Tang Priest as a husband, Wukong and others insisted on going west, but Tang Priest was taken away by the banshee who turned into a scorpion in Pipa Cave. Wukong invited the Pleiadian official, and the Pleiadian official turned into a double-crowned rooster, which made the monster show his true colors and died in front of the slope. [ 1]
Liu Er's macaque took the opportunity to change into the Monkey King's appearance, snatched the luggage and customs, and replaced the little demon with Tang Priest, Bajie and Friar Sand, hoping to cheat the scriptures in the Western Heaven. The true and false Wukong was killed from the sky to the underground, and the Bodhisattva, the Jade Emperor and the Tibetan can't tell the true from the false. It was not until the Tathagata of Leiyin Temple that the Buddha revealed his true colors. Wukong killed the monkey spirit. [ 1]
The four masters and apprentices made up. Qi Xin joined forces to go to the Western Heaven. In the Flame Mountain, I want an iron fan, a princess and a banana fan to put out the flame. Princess Tiefan was angry with the Monkey King for sending her child Hong Haier to Lingshan to be a boy, and refused to borrow it. Wukong, Princess Tiefan and Niu Wangmo fought wits and bravely, and after many twists and turns, they subdued two monsters with the power of heavenly soldiers and fanned out flames. The four of them were able to continue westward. [ 1]
Later, the four masters and apprentices successively eliminated Wan Shenglong, nine head worm Xu, Huangmei Monster, Spider Essence, Centipede Essence, Green Lion, White Elephant and Dapeng Monster.
The abbot of Bailuyuan, the king of the kingdom of monks, was puzzled and wanted to take medicine from the hearts of110 children. Wukong saves babies and defeats evil spirits. The birthday boy came to retrieve the white deer. [ 1]
Trapped in a bottomless pit, the rat spirit changes again, and the woman takes the Tang priest captive and forces her to get married. The Monkey King visited and learned that the mousetrap was Li Tianwang's daughter, and went to heaven to complain. Li Tianwang returned to heaven with a mousetrap to punish Cao Cao. The king vowed to kill 10,000 monks. The Monkey King shaved off the hair of the country's empresses and ministers of civil and military affairs by magic, which made the king change his mind and turned France into a country that worships monks. The leopard in Yin Wu Mountain longed to eat the Tang Priest's meat, but Wukong was sleepy, and Bajie killed the monster with a rake. [ 1]
Four men and women went to Tianzhu country, and the county Hou posted a list for rain. Wukong visited the reason and advised the county to be kind, and the rain fell from the sky. Mentor and apprentice came to Yuhua County, where they were robbed of their weapons by Huang Shijing because they taught the prince to learn. Wukong and other three men took up arms again, and Huang Shijing went to find Zuweng Jiuling and Sheng Yuan, the Buddha of Taiyi, and waited for the leading lion to transform. Wukong invited Taiyi Tianzun to surrender the lion monster. [ 1]
When he came to Quanping Mansion, Tang Priest watched the lanterns at midnight and was taken away by three rhinos, namely Xuan Ying Cave, to remove cold, heat and dust. Wukong invited four stars to catch these three monsters and behead them for public display. [ 1]
In Tianzhu country, the Tang Priest was thrown colored balls at the Moon Palace Jade Rabbit by a fake princess, hoping to recruit a husband. Wukong saw through the truth, joined forces with Taiyin Xingjun, captured the Jade Rabbit, and rescued the real princess who was living outside the city. [ 1]
After Kou's family went home for dinner in Diling County, Tongtai Prefecture, Kou's family was robbed and killed. Tang priest and his disciples were arrested and imprisoned as robbers, and Wukong went to the underworld to bring back the souls of foreigners, and the case came to light. [ 1]
Reach Lingshan and get the true scriptures.
After going through all kinds of hardships, the four men finally came to visit the Buddha in Lingshan Holy Land, but because they didn't send personnel to Ananda and Gaya, they only got wordless scriptures. The Tang Priest and his disciples returned to Leiyin Temple, where they got the Tang King of Zijin Bowl as their staff. Only 35 classics and 5,048 volumes were returned to the East. I don't want to be full of eighty-one difficulties. In Tongtianhe, four people were thrown into the river by an old turtle, and the scrolls were all wet. [ 1]
Tang Sanzang sent Buddhist scriptures back to Chang 'an and Lingshan. Sanzang is a deity Buddha, and Wukong, Bajie, Friar Sand and Bai are also deities Buddha, each in his place and enjoying bliss.