In August of the 27th year of Guangxu (190 1), in view of the increasingly serious domestic troubles and foreign invasion, the Qing court ordered the abolition of the imperial examination to promote learning, and made it a top priority to promote learning and cultivate talents. 1902, Mr. Ding Renchang, Mr. Wu Daorong and Mr. Wang Zhaoquan, who were studying in Hanlin, founded a new school with "middle school as the body and western learning as the application" and enrolled students in Guangfu counties. The funds for running the school mainly come from Huiji Yicang, which belongs to Minglun Church in Gong Xue, with an annual donation of 9,600 taels, supplemented by donations from gentry and mass organizations such as Minglun Church or Book and Gold Bureau in various counties. By linking the donation to the number of places, * * * raised 65,438 two start-up expenses. 1902, a middle school-supervised teaching school was established in Gongxue Xiaodi Temple (now No.13 Middle School in Guangzhou), and Minglun Hall in the south of Hanmochi (now Li Antang) can also be used as a lecture hall at any time. It is close to Yanggao Temple, the former site of ten thousand mu thatched cottage founded by Kang Youwei, and it is still highly respected. (Wanmu Caotang was moved from Bian Wei Street in the winter of 1893, and closed in 1898. It is located at the reception station of China Normal University on Wende Road today. ) In February of the 28th year of Guangxu, he recruited "Jiao Zhong" in Gongyuan (now the provincial museum). At that time, officials and gentry gathered, and Governor Mo Tao, Governor Deshou and Zheng Xue (later renamed as Zheng Xue) recruited together to show their attention, and Zheng Xue decided Party A and Party B to show justice. In the first phase, 54 people were admitted, which was a "temporary choice", and Zhu Zhixin (Dafu) was on the list. School starts in July, and there are about 100 students in other places. Under the supervision of Ding Renchang (equivalent to the principal offender), he appealed to the court through the governor and the governor to file a case. This is one of the earliest schools in Guangdong. ?

In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), the upsurge of promoting learning in Guangdong was rising day by day, but there was a shortage of teachers. With the consent of the academic affairs office, it was changed to a junior normal school, which was called Jiaozhong Normal School. Take the filial piety temple as the school office, and build a lecture hall and dormitory on the open space of Hanpu. There are four kinds of places: one is ordinary places, and Huiji Yicang recruits 60 students under the annual donation, and the tuition fees are free. All scholars in the province can take the exam. The second is the number of public places. Each county's Mingluntang and Shujinju donated 100 yuan, accounting for two places in the county, free of tuition, and so on. Third, the amount of money, where the gentry donated more than 520 yuan, a school place will be given forever, and admission is free. Fourth, the additional amount, because the amount is unacceptable, can be used as an "additional school" students to pay 24 Liang a year. At that time, the atmosphere began to open, and many counties did not have schools, so they were willing to donate. ?

Courses include classics, history, foreign languages, arithmetic, physics and chemistry, gymnastics and other subjects. Teaching instruments are purchased from Japan, while books are donated. Ding Renchang's ability of "doing everything personally, after being lured, treating students as disciples and on a grand scale" has been highly praised. 190 1 ~ 1904 was the period when imperial examinations and schools coexisted. Many loyal students took part in the imperial examinations, and many of them won scholarships. Among them, Liang and Liang's brother took the senior high school entrance examination at the same time. This is undoubtedly a strange phenomenon in the period of the alternation between the old and the new, especially in Jiao Zhong, but it also reflects from another side that the students of Jiao Zhong have deep roots in old learning and excellent writing skills. During the period of Xuan Tong, the Ministry of Education stipulated the "Re-examination Method for Graduation Examination", and the graduates of schools in all counties and counties had to go through the re-examination of provincial Jinshi; Because "teaching loyalty" is directly under the jurisdiction of academic consultants, the invigilator can send someone to the graduation exam, which can be exempted from re-examination. For example, in 1909, Qiu, who was praised by Liang Qichao as a "revolutionary giant in the field of poetry" in the late Qing Dynasty, took the "joint examination" as a squire in Guangdong Academic Affairs Office. According to Ren Chang's records, from1902 to191year, * * * had five graduates, including normal students 1200 and 400 primary and secondary school students. At that time, "loyal" normal graduates were recruited by schools in various counties. ?

After the Revolution of 1911 (19 1 1), Ding Renchang resigned automatically and was succeeded by Wang Zhaoquan. The school was renamed as a school, which was once renamed as "Guangdong Public Normal School". Later, Wang Zhaoquan and others wrote to the director of the provincial civil affairs department and handed it over to the Ministry of Education. They thought that it had always been "donated by the people for the people" and was private, and finally agreed to change its name to Jiaozhong Normal School. However, the word "teaching loyalty" has not changed because of the overthrow of the imperial system. The founders of the school really hope that the students they train can be loyal to the monarch and keep the Tao, but the meaning of "loyalty" is broader, such as "teaching people to be loyal to the good" in Mencius Teng Wengong, which explains the "loyalty and forgiveness" in Chinese characters, so "teaching loyalty" has been used for 50 years. ?

Before the Republic of China 10, the situation was unstable. "The school's money, like a house, repeatedly felt shaky" (Jin Zengcheng's words), and the school did not develop much. According to official historical records, 19 13 years, there were only 134 students and 9 teachers. 192 1 in June, students 185, teachers 20, graduates 34 1. From 1923, junior high schools were established, and from 1928, the normal department of senior high schools was added. 193 1 year, divided into men's department, women's department and affiliated primary school, and continued to run high school teachers' department. 1932- 12, the Ministry of Education promulgated the Law on Teachers' Schools, stipulating that no private person or group may set up teachers' schools, and it is more likely to change "teaching loyalty" to "private teaching loyalty middle schools" the following year. According to the statistics of 1934, the school building area is about 40,000 square feet (old system, the same below), including more than 30 classrooms, offices and laboratories, as well as student dormitories (there were 140 boarders at that time), auditoriums (about 3,000 square feet) and libraries (about 1000 square feet) Running a high school, a junior high school and a complete middle school from 65438 to 0935 is the heyday of "teaching loyalty". There are 67 classes and more than 3000 students in senior middle schools and affiliated primary schools. ?

During the Republic of China 19 19, the road construction in Guangzhou had a great influence on schools. The municipal office should turn Fu Xue East Street into Wende Road, and split classrooms, dormitories and playgrounds near Fu Xue East Street into roads. Fortunately, Cao Ruying, who worked as an "office worker" in CCBA and was responsible for demolishing cities and building roads in Guangzhou, once worked as a math teacher in a middle school. Thanks to the mediation of President Wang Zhaoquan, CCBA set a precedent of "compensating the teaching staff", and built classrooms and dormitories in a playground on the right side of the former Guangfu School Palace (now northwest of the school) and Fanshan (also known as Guigang). The primary school originally located in Minghuan Temple (between Hanmochi and Yanggao Temple) was also demolished to build roads, and an attached classroom was built in the former site of "Shenliu Library" near Guandaomen. Teachers and students used to go in and out from behind Chongsheng Temple (now south of Zhongshan Library) and beside Fanshan Mountain, which was inconvenient. 1926, Wendelu Jia side door. ?

With the expansion of Japan's war of aggression against China, schools in Guangzhou have moved out one after another, but the person in charge of "Jiaozhong" has no intention of moving out, and once issued the rhetoric of "the city survives and the city dies". However, the reality is cruel. A few days before the fall of Guangzhou, classes were forced to be closed, and books, instruments and other teaching AIDS purchased for decades during the Japanese puppet regime were lost. After the fall of Guangzhou, Jin Zengcheng and others set up a branch school in Macao, and life was difficult. Qualified "loyal" students go to Macao to resume classes one after another and recruit local students. A year later, the number of primary and secondary school students reached 1 1,000. The principal of the Australian school is temporarily held by the school chairman Jin Zengcheng. At the beginning of 1942, Jin Zengcheng returned to the mainland to take up his new post, and the school board elected Zhu Baoqin as his successor. Shen Zhifang, the academic director, also moved from Macau to the mainland, and set up a branch school in Liantan Town, Yunnan Province to recruit mainland students. During the Anti-Japanese War, two campuses coexisted. ?

After Japan surrendered, the school board immediately sent staff back to Guangzhou to prepare for resumption of school. Most of the school buildings were destroyed by the enemy and puppet troops, and there were no books, instruments and school equipment. After a dismal operation, in the spring of 1946, the school was finally resumed, and Jin Zeng became the principal. It took three years to restore the school building. 1949 10, "Guangzhou has been liberated, and Christianity has been reborn like the people of the whole country" (Zhu Baoqin's language). According to the official historical records of 1950+0 1 June, there are 1 1 class, with 407 students and 25 faculty members, including 7 teachers. /kloc-0 merged with Li Xing middle school in September, 1952, and/kloc-0 merged with Wan Chuan middle school in July, 1953. In June+10, 5438, the school board and all the teachers and students warmly requested that it be changed to public, and the municipal government took over "Jiaozhong" and renamed it Guangzhou No.13 Middle School. The old school that has gone through half a century has thus entered a new era. ?

Over the past 50 years, "teaching China" has enjoyed a high reputation. Thousands of students receive basic education here. They "either go to college for further study or seek their own advantages in career development." Scholars have their own interests and need not agree "(Jin Zengcheng). Alumni Zhu Zhixin is an outstanding bourgeois democratic revolutionist in modern China, and also a right-hand man of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. We are deeply honored to have this nationally renowned alumnus. Ding Renchang and Jin Zengcheng, two of the most experienced educators in modern Guangdong, are also valuable as principals who "teach loyalty" from beginning to end. ?

From the perspective of human geography, "teaching loyalty" is a "geomantic treasure land" with rich historical connotation. Panyu, an ancient county seat of the Qin Dynasty, has a history of more than 2,000 years. According to historical records, there are two mountains in Panyu County, hence the name; Some people think that Panyu is a mountain. Ershan said that it is generally believed that the highland between Guangzhou No.13 Middle School and Zhongshan Literature Museum is the relic of Fanshan in the past. 1990 when the new school building of No.13 middle school in the city was built, all the red soil and red sandstone were dug out by digging the foundation, indicating that the school is the main part of Fanshan Mountain. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Emperor Liu of the Southern Han Dynasty? NF024？ Chisel the lost mountain, and the accumulated stone is Yuan Chaodong (later renamed Qingxu Cave). In Fanshan, in the third year of Shaosheng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1096), the government set up a scholar, Nan Zongchun. In the fourth year (1244), Fanshan Academy was established, changed to "Temple Learning and East-West Zhai" in the Yuan Dynasty, and expanded into a large-scale Guangfu Academy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the late Qing Dynasty, Kang Youwei's 10,000-acre thatched cottage, Ding Renchang's teaching school, Guangzhou No.13 Middle School, Wendelu Primary School and Sun Yat-sen Literature Museum in modern times were different in area, scale and function.

Guangzhou No.13 Middle School, formerly known as Private Jiaotong University, was founded in 1902, and Mr. Zhu Zhixin, a famous democratic careerist, was the first student of Jiaotong University. 1953 school was officially renamed as "Guangzhou 13th Middle School", and was successively rated as "provincial first-class school" in Guangdong Province, "provincial green school" in Guangdong Province, member school of UNESCO's "Environmental Population and Education for Sustainable Development (EPD)" project, educational consultant unit in western China, and national experimental school of educational science planning. The school is located in Wende Road, a famous cultural and educational center in Guangzhou, with elegant environment, fragrant calligraphy and rich background. It is a complete middle school. There are 43 classes with 2068 students. At present, there are 168 faculty members and 125 full-time teachers, including 3 outstanding teachers from South Guangdong, 1 new teacher from South Guangdong, 1 model teacher from Guangzhou, 34 senior teachers and 30 graduate students and postgraduate courses.