Extracurricular reading is very important to students, and the curriculum standard clearly stipulates that the extracurricular reading volume of primary school students in grade 1-6 is not less than 1.45 million words, so it is very important to cultivate students' interest, methods and habits in extracurricular reading. It is best to read more literary classics after class, which is the crystallization of human wisdom, and its ideological and literary nature is irreplaceable by ordinary works. Reading more famous books can make people become eloquent and quick-thinking, learn rich knowledge imperceptibly, cultivate sentiment and improve their appreciation ability; At the same time, it will also speed up the transformation of students' spoken language into written language, provide students with writing templates, reduce the difficulty of children learning to write, and let students learn to write.
First, the principle of reading and choosing famous books
There are countless famous books in the vast ocean of literature, but not all of them are suitable for primary school students to read. Teachers should pay attention to choosing good works for students, and pay attention to several principles when choosing articles:
First, it must be interesting. The selected masterpieces should conform to children's interests and hobbies, and the physical and mental development of primary school students should be fully considered. Children are curious, imaginative, naive and fun, and like to bring stories and science fiction works. If children find interesting stories and knowledge they are eager to know, they will be happy to get close to this book. If it doesn't meet the demand, then TV, Internet and video games can easily occupy their time with books. Parents and teachers need to give their children more encouragement and guidance if they want them to embark on the road of reading, so they should try their best to choose humorous, interesting, relaxed and elegant literary works for their children, such as interesting fairy tales, fables and science fiction novels. On the one hand, cultivate their interest in reading, on the other hand, give them a chance to get a sense of accomplishment.
Second, the language should be vivid and simple. In primary school, students just started to learn languages, mostly learning to write and read chronicles and other works. Therefore, when teachers and parents choose famous works, they should focus on the works of chroniclers, and the language should not be too abstruse and classic. For example, the TV series Journey to the West is enough for children to love. If I let them watch The Journey to the West's masterpiece, I may say with certainty that few children can finish it, let alone gain anything, because its language is a bit abstruse.
The third is to have the times. Some famous literary works are not bad, but they are too far away from our life and the reality of children's life, so they are not easy to be accepted by children. The selected masterpieces should not be divorced from the reality of students' life in content, but should conform to the spirit of the times in thoughts and feelings, such as Harry Potter, which was popular in the 1990s, and Happy Planet, which was recently loved by children. Their content is close to children's life and full of the flavor of the times.
The fourth is to be targeted. Children's reading ability, ideological status, age characteristics and hobbies are very different. Parents and teachers should "love what they like" according to their own characteristics and choose masterpieces that suit their own characteristics. Before choosing, it's best to have more reading exchanges with children to find out what kind of books children prefer to read, books by a certain author and books on a certain theme. Therefore, choosing children's masterpieces that children like and are good at can expand their reading interest, broaden their horizons and improve their literary literacy.
Five, thoughtful
Famous books are profound and full of passion, which have strong shock and appeal to primary school students. Some of them show human relations and praise national traditions and integrity. Some show children's courage, friendship and creativity. Through the artistic image and artistic means of famous works, students' thoughts and feelings are influenced, which has the effect of "moistening things quietly" In a word, excellent children's literature plays an important role in improving students' ideological level, cultivating noble sentiments and forming excellent moral quality.
Second, stimulate students' interest in reading.
Modern psychological research shows that interest is the most direct, active and realistic factor affecting learning activities. Confucius, a great educator in ancient China, once said, "Knowing is not as good as being good, and being good is not as good as being happy." It can be seen that interest is the best teacher and the motivation for people to engage in any activity. Similarly, only when students are interested in reading can they have a positive demand for extracurricular reading from the bottom of their hearts. Therefore, teachers and parents should adopt the form of extracurricular reading that students are interested in, so that they can read extracurricular classics happily and accept the Chinese knowledge they want to learn happily. Generally speaking, it can take the following forms:
Clever use of story suspense to stimulate reading interest. Everyone likes stories, especially children who grow up with grandma's nursery rhymes and mom's fairy tales. When they heard the teacher say that they would tell a story, they were all full of energy and their joy was beyond words. They can't wait to hear. Because the teacher's voice is full of emotion and the expression is strengthened, the rendered story has already brought the children into an interesting, thrilling, strange, moving and suspenseful emotional world. Just as the children were listening attentively, depressed and looking forward to the ending, the teacher suddenly stopped and lost no time in recommending this work to the students. The story of students being detained aroused great interest. After the teacher recommended, the children asked to borrow or buy books. In this way, they can feel the temptation of famous books in the wonderful realm brought by stories and take the initiative to read them. This form of guidance is more effective than any preaching.
Tell me about your reading experience to stimulate your interest. Teachers or parents should often talk about their own (or organize students to talk about) gains and experiences after reading, and use "appearance statements" to arouse students' emotional voices and make them have a strong desire to read. At the same time, collect some famous sayings about reading in a planned and purposeful way, and comment and appreciate them in combination with famous works; Tell the stories of famous people who have become successful in reading and conduct comparative education, so as to arouse students' admiration for scholars, their desire for books and their strong intention to make friends with books.
Introduce the outline of reading materials to stimulate reading desire. Teachers should always introduce some characters, content outlines or wonderful fragments to students purposefully and in a planned way to stimulate students' desire to "see the original for details". For example, the teacher said, "By chance, the fidgety Lele banged on the keyboard, and the search guide for' Happy Planet' appeared inadvertently on the computer screen. Driven by strong curiosity, Lele clicked enter, and suddenly a strong attraction brought him to a strange environment ... To know what Lele would do in a completely strange environment, please read Happy Planet quickly. This can cultivate students' interest in extracurricular reading and make students' "want me to read" become "I want to read".
Stimulate children's reading interest in an intuitive way. Teachers or parents can show some vivid pictures of famous books, exquisite cartoons, passionate stories or wonderful video clips to arouse students' desire to read. For example, after the video clip about radish head in Hongyan was released, it was immediately put forward: "If you want to know what touching stories about radish head are, please read Hongyan!" This ignited the students' passion for reading this work.
Third, adopt methods that students are interested in.
Although interest is the motivation for people to engage in any activity, if children are only interested in extracurricular reading, they will walk in the sea of books without purpose and method, and the content of reading is clear at a glance and the plot is vivid; Others read good articles, but they don't know how to accumulate knowledge, learn skills and apply them to writing to improve their ideological cultivation. Such reading is meaningless. Therefore, it is necessary to guide children to love reading and better guide children to read. Let me talk about several effective ways to read famous books:
Intensive reading and abstract annotation. The so-called intensive reading method is to focus on the wonderful plots or favorite characters in the works, and read word by word from the outside to the inside. Use this method to guide students, let them devote themselves wholeheartedly, mobilize a variety of senses, achieve mouth-to-mouth, eye-to-eye, heart-to-eye, think while reading, and gradually develop a good habit of reading carefully. Excerpt annotation method, this reading method is to extract the characters and wonderful plots you need in the reading process, mark the favorite characters or wonderful plots you have read, make annotations and write comments, so that you can use your hands and brains in reading, and reading will be more effective and rewarding.
Fast reading and selective reading. Speed reading method is to focus on the general situation of fast reading works, quickly process and digest information in fast browsing, get as much information as possible in the least time, and let students read more works. Ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, there are countless children's masterpieces. As a child, it is impossible to read all the good children's works in so much time, and there is no need to read all the works word for word. Therefore, we adopt selective reading method and choose our favorite characters or storylines to read. This will not only enable children to read more books and learn more about their favorite characters and story lines, but also improve their reading interest and reading ability and cultivate students' personality.
Comment method. After reading a famous book, you should evaluate it. There are many ways to comment. The traditional method is generally in the form of reading first and then writing. Although this form can combine students' reading and writing, primary school students, especially low-level students, cannot finish reading at all, which also affects students' reading interest. Modern students have the characteristics of competition and expressive desire, so they can make comments by means of classroom debate, the performance of story plot, talking about their favorite literary figures and telling their favorite literary stories.
Fourth, create conditions to promote reading.
Teachers should strive to create conditions for students to read famous books, take advantage of various opportunities, strengthen the guidance for students to read famous books, and organize students to exchange extracurricular reading in a form that students like.
Organize a book corner. In order to make up for the shortage of students' books, teachers can mobilize students to temporarily store their personal books in the class and organize students to manage their own borrowing. The book corner is located in the corner of the classroom and can be borrowed and returned at any time after class. [Lotus Hill Courseware] is very convenient. You can also use the "mobile book box" method, and the cadres of each class take turns to be responsible for the storage and borrowing of books.
Ensure reading time. According to the teaching needs, teachers recommend suitable masterpieces in time to realize the communication in and out of class. At the same time, reduce written exercises and increase reading assignments to provide space and time for students to read after class. Allow students to read aloud the texts they have taught or the famous books they have read during morning reading or self-study; You can also set aside one or two regular classes every week to read and guide famous works in a planned way.
Carry out reading activities. Schools and classes often carry out related activities, such as organizing reading parties, book festivals, story meetings, etc. It is necessary to create conditions for students to "read" extensively and "read" a lot.
In a word, extracurricular reading, especially reading famous books, is an integral part of our life and an important spiritual resource and need for human development. Guide children to catch up with the times in the vast literary world, surpass the classroom, absorb more nutrition and grow sturdily.