If it is a shallow scratch, pay attention to washing the wound repeatedly with tap water or warm water, and then apply some mercuric chloride.
Then apply mercuric chloride 2-3 times a day, and at the same time, it is best to go to the hospital to inject tetanus antitoxin 1 time. If you are hit or punched by a blunt instrument, the skin is not broken, but there is local bruising, that is, a small hematoma has occurred under the skin; Generally, mild patients are not suitable for treatment. If the intestines, abdomen, waist, joints or brain are severely bruised, you must go to the hospital for treatment immediately.
If the skin is cut by a knife, scissors, glass, etc. You can apply some mercurochrome to the wound to prevent infection. If your finger is cut, hold your hand high and hold both sides of the root of your finger to stop bleeding. Apply some mercurochrome to the wound, or apply some iodine and alcohol to the skin around the wound, and then wrap it in a clean cloth.
If the finger is cut off, stop bleeding and bandage the child. At the same time, bandage the broken finger with a clean cloth and take the child to the hospital as soon as possible. Most of them can be connected. At the same time, tetanus antitoxin needs to be injected.
Scalp injury is not big, you can press the skin around the wound to stop bleeding; Then shave or cut off the hair, apply disinfectant locally and wrap it; The injury is serious and must be treated in the hospital. If the stab wound is shallow, you can wipe it with alcohol or take it out with a burning needle and apply iodine or mercuric chloride. If the stab wound is deep, it is best not to pull out the foreign body temporarily to prevent sudden massive bleeding.
At this time, it needs to be rushed to the hospital for treatment.
2. Medical knowledge (urgent)
Analysis and countermeasures of SCL-90 scale for psychiatric nurses [Abstract] Objective To understand the mental health status of psychiatric nurses. Methods SCL-90 was used to evaluate 38 psychiatric nurses and 56 internal medicine nurses in a general hospital in our city. Results The outstanding psychological problems of psychiatric nurses were somatization, compulsion and anxiety, and the rest were lower than the domestic norm. The SCL-90 factor score of internal medicine nurses in general hospitals is higher than that of psychiatric nurses. Conclusion Good coping style is helpful to reduce work pressure, ensure nursing quality and improve life satisfaction. [Keywords:] psychiatric nurses; Mental health; With the transformation of medical model and the implementation of the new Regulations on Handling Medical Accidents, it is more and more difficult for nurses to work in the face of the continuous improvement of people's awareness of legal application [1]. Psychiatric nurses, as a special group in the nursing industry, are under greater pressure because of the particularity of their clients. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore good coping styles to relieve their work pressure. 1 research objects and methods 1 research objects: there are 38 psychiatric nurses in our hospital, including male 10 and female 28, with an average age of (27.56 5.01) years. There are 56 internal medicine nurses in a general hospital in our city, all of whom are female, aged 19~50 years, with an average of (25.89 5.12) years. 1.2 Methods SCL-90 was used to investigate. Results 2. See table 1 for the comparison between SCL-90 test results of psychiatric nurses and domestic norms. The results show that the prominent psychological problems of psychiatric nurses are somatization, compulsion and anxiety. Among them, the highest detection rate is: feeling nervous or easily nervous; Excessive worry; Nervous, my heart is not practical; Feel headache. Table 1 Comparison between SCL-90 survey results of psychiatric nurses and China norm (omitted) 2.2 See Table 2 for SCL-90 test results of nurses of different ages. It shows that with the accumulation of professional knowledge and work experience, the coping style is becoming more and more mature. Table 2 Comparison of SCL-90 symptom factors among psychiatric nurses of different ages (omitted) 2.3 See Table 3 for the investigation and comparison of SCL-90 between psychiatric nurses and internal medicine nurses. The test results show that the mental health level of psychiatric nurses is higher than that of internal medicine nurses. This is related to the fact that psychiatric nurses are responsible for psychological care, psychotherapy and health education, and they have been educated and improved while providing psychological consultation for patients. Table 3 SCL-90 Survey Results of Psychiatric Nurses and Internal Medicine Nurses 3. 1 Overworked Work Status With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the pace of life has also accelerated, and mental problems have become increasingly prominent. There are as many as160 thousand mental patients in China, but there are less than 80 thousand medical staff engaged in mental health work, which is quite scarce. At present, the "patient-centered" nursing model requires nurses to give patients comprehensive care from physiological, psychological, social and cultural aspects. This kind of comprehensive nursing, including psychological and cultural nursing, is a complex and creative work, which requires nurses to pay more labor and energy. At present, there is a serious shortage of nurses in China. For example, there are more than 80 permanent patients in the male department of psychiatry in our hospital, but only 15 nurses, which is far from the standard bed-to-nurse ratio of 1∶0.4 put forward by the Ministry of Health in 1978, which makes nurses in an overloaded state. 3.2 High occupational risk With the promulgation and implementation of the Regulations on Handling Medical Accidents and other relevant laws and regulations, the public's legal awareness has generally improved, and people's requirements for nursing services have also become higher, which has caused the mental stress of nurses to increase. Psychopaths are a special group of people. They often appear impulsive, destructive, hurtful and self-harming behaviors under the control of morbid thinking. Moreover, they often have no self-awareness and often resist treatment. This not only increases the workload of psychiatric nurses, but also threatens their personal safety. Psychiatric nurses should prevent patients from accidents and ensure their own safety while completing heavy daily nursing work. In the long run, it will have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of psychiatric nurses, thus directly affecting their work enthusiasm and quality. 3.3 Low sense of personal accomplishment Mental illness is a chronic and persistent disease with a high recurrence rate. Even if patients can insist on taking medicine according to the doctor's advice, there are still patients who are hospitalized again because of repeated illness, and more patients are hospitalized after discharge due to insufficient supervision (such as living alone without supervision, unwilling to continue taking medicine after adverse reactions, etc.). ). Our department has 1 patient hospitalized for 3 times in 1 year. In addition, psychiatric nurses lack respect and understanding in society, and their work pay is low, which has a negative impact on psychiatric nurses, leading to low personal accomplishment and low family recognition. 3.4 Knowledge is constantly updated. 2 1 century is an era of knowledge and information, with the rapid development of science and technology and mutual infiltration of knowledge. Many new knowledge and technologies are applied in clinic, medical instruments are constantly updated, and various new examination and treatment methods emerge one after another. In addition, the annual inspection and acceptance activity of hospital management with the theme of "patient-centered, improving medical quality" was implemented, which forced nurses to study basic knowledge and specialist skills hard while completing intense work, so as to update their knowledge and communicate smoothly.
Dx. Love to buy medical knowledge (urgent)
3. How to care during hospitalization?
Paying attention to nursing during postpartum hospitalization can eliminate maternal fatigue, promote milk secretion and restore the body.
It mainly includes the following aspects: (1) Sit up and walk. Postpartum can sit up for several hours and walk on the ground for 8~24 hours.
(2) diet. Protein should be included in the daily diet, which is rich in water and easy to digest.
(3) breastfeeding. Start breastfeeding 6 hours after delivery, and then feed it every 3 hours, 7~8 times a day.
(4) medical care. * * * * *, if necessary, milk; If * * * is broken, you can apply some anti-inflammatory ointment.
(5) Elimination of lochia. Observe lochia and discharge it every 3~4 hours on the day of delivery; Observe when urinating in the future.
(6) defecation. Those who urinate unnaturally 8 hours after delivery should be urethral catheterization; Those who don't urinate for more than 3 days need to go to the hospital or take laxatives under the guidance of a doctor.
(7) Measure the height of fundus, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, and check blood and urine.
4. What should I pay attention to when I am hospitalized?
What items should I prepare for hospitalization? At present, hospitals can generally provide common articles for accommodation, such as sheets, bedding, thermos bottles and so on. Patients and accompanying families only need to prepare personal belongings.
It is recommended to bring the following items: clothes, water cups, toiletries (soap, toothbrush, toothpaste, washbasin, towel), daily tableware, paper towels and slippers. The hospitalization of children means that the daily living environment has changed.
Therefore, during hospitalization, try to use what the child used before and bring some toys or books that he likes. How to go through the hospitalization procedure? The patient first goes to the outpatient clinic or ward to get a hospitalization certificate, and then pays a certain fee.
With the hospitalization certificate, go to the nursing station of the department where you live to handle the hospitalization records and measure your temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure. Listen to the nurse's introduction to the ward and the matters needing attention in hospitalization, and collect the articles used in hospitalization and pay the deposit for the articles. What should I pay attention to when I am just hospitalized? Take the initiative to understand the basic situation of the department and hospital.
Layout of inpatient pharmacy, payment office, audit office, bathroom and fire escape; At the same time, you should know your own bed management doctors, nurses and professors, and establish contact with them. The hospital belongs to a public place, and the personnel are very miscellaneous. We must take good care of valuables and money.
Every hospital has its own set of "admission instructions" to browse. What special rules do hospitals generally have? Hospitals are public places and must abide by social morality.
In addition, there are some special regulations that you can't smoke in the ward and you can't use open flame appliances; Don't talk loudly; In the ward area where monitoring equipment is used, mobile communication equipment is not allowed. What treatment tests will you have when you are in hospital? During hospitalization, some tests will be done to confirm the diagnosis, mostly on the day of hospitalization or the next day.
For large and expensive examinations, doctors usually ask patients for advice. If you don't agree, you can euphemistically say "consider, consider" or "discuss with your family" to leave room for yourself.
After 3 days of hospitalization, the hospital will give preliminary diagnosis and treatment opinions and make a preliminary judgment on the treatment effect. At this time, the patient can clearly ask questions in his mind: why do you want to use this medicine, is there any medicine with similar effect and low price, how long you need to stay in the hospital, and so on. How to arrange patients' meals? Some diseases with high dietary requirements, such as diabetes, kidney disease, diarrhea, etc. It is usually arranged by doctors and nutritionists. Without the doctor's permission, patients and their families are not allowed to change food at will.
Ordinary patients can eat digestible and nutritious food, and western medicine generally does not pay attention to taboos. When I was in hospital, my condition suddenly changed. Who should I call? During each patient's hospitalization, there are fixed bed doctors and responsible nurses to provide medical services. You can report to them if your condition changes, and you can report to the doctors and nurses on duty at night.
What are the requirements of hospital wards for accompanying and visiting personnel? In order to ensure the normal treatment order, most hospitals refused to see a doctor during the morning treatment rounds. Visiting hours are mostly in the afternoon and evening.
What safety issues should be paid attention to in hospitalization? The elderly are inconvenient to walk and emotionally unstable, so pay attention to patients falling or accidents. Children are naturally active, so parents should be careful not to let their children take the elevator alone, go to the toilet alone and run around in the corridor of the ward.
Parents should properly place hot water bottles and sharp tools to avoid accidents. How to inquire and pay the hospitalization fee? Pay an advance payment when you enter the hospital; During the treatment, you can inquire at the consultation counter set up in the hospital.
If you find any problems, actively report them to the nurses in the ward. What rights and interests do patients have in the hospital? Every day, the bed doctor makes rounds, makes physical examinations, informs patients of various examination results, formulates treatment plans for patients and explains their condition, arranges superior doctors to make rounds, handles discharge, and provides health education for patients.
What if you are not satisfied? You can complain to the assessment department of the party Committee of the hospital, the medical department, the director of the department and the head nurse of the department. How do patients sleep after operation? Active treatment and nursing after operation, correct and serious wound treatment are very important to the therapeutic effect.
Patients under general anesthesia should lie flat without a pillow when they are not awake, and their heads are tilted to one side to prevent respiratory tract infection caused by saliva or vomit inhaled into the respiratory tract. Patients with epidural anesthesia or spinal anesthesia should lie flat for 6- 12 hours after operation to prevent postoperative headache.
After chest surgery, take a semi-sitting or semi-lying posture. Patients after spinal surgery should sleep on a hard bed.
After limb surgery, patients should raise their limbs or carry out traction. How to accompany patients after operation? Assist medical staff to observe temperature, pulse, complexion, respiration, blood pressure and urination.
If the patient feels unwell, feverish and his heart beats faster, he should report to the doctor and nurse. At this time, we should talk about some common sense. Within 3-5 days after operation, the body temperature is often around 38℃. This is called postoperative reaction fever, and there is no need to be nervous about it.
How long can I eat after the operation? Generally, the patient should eat before 6 hours after the operation, and the patient who underwent abdominal surgery should be ventilated before the liquid can be input. How long can I move after the operation? Early exercise after operation.
According to the size of the operation and the postoperative situation, get out of bed as early as possible with the permission of the doctor. For example, after abdominal surgery, you can get out of bed or do bed exercises after anesthesia to prevent abdominal distension and intestinal adhesion.
Obese patients should move their limbs more to prevent venous thrombosis. What preparations should I make before leaving the hospital? The doctor in charge should be asked to write a discharge summary-the summary generally records the important examination results and treatment methods of this hospitalization in detail, which is very important for the patient's rehabilitation and further treatment.
If you need to leave the hospital to get medicine, you should also explain it to the doctor. How to copy medical records? Provide the patient's ID card and the agent's ID card to the staff in the medical record room, or apply to the medical department of the hospital. After approval, you can copy the objective part of the medical record, including the examination results and medication.
What should I do if I find problems after discharge? In order to save money, some patients were discharged after their illness was controlled, and there was still a recovery process at home. After discharge, serious problems must of course be treated again; For minor problems, you can take the initiative to call the doctor.
Please adopt it.
5. Common sense that nurses must know
Let me look around for you. It seems that this is more in line with your requirements. 1.2 emergency nurses should have the first aid ability. One of the characteristics of emergency department is that patients have sudden onset, rapid change and critical illness, mostly due to traffic accidents and accidental injuries.
Therefore, time is life, so we must react quickly, race against time and deal with it in time to save the lives of patients. 1.3 emergency nurses should have good language skills. Emergency rescue often includes pre-hospital rescue and in-hospital first aid, so its work scope is large, the service population is complex, it involves many related departments and needs a lot of coordination work.
Moreover, the situation is very urgent, so emergency nurses must have good language skills and communication skills in order to coordinate and organize large-scale rescue and accident handling. 2. The quality that emergency nurses should have 2. 1 Physical quality The emergency department has great responsibilities, heavy tasks, strong randomness, poor first-aid environmental conditions and strong physical strength.
When dealing with accidents such as large-scale car accidents and critically ill patients, it often involves carrying patients and requires strong physical strength. At the same time, in order to save patients, sometimes it takes a long time to fight. Therefore, without a strong body, it is impossible to do emergency rescue. 2.2 Political Qualities Emergency patients are often sudden and often have no family members or companions. In the process of rescuing and observing patients, only one nurse is present most of the time; There are also some patients who have no money and no owners. At this time, we need the dedication of nurses.
Therefore, emergency nurses are required to have high political quality and moral cultivation, good medical ethics, lofty ideological realm, good prudence and independent spirit, and serve patients with full enthusiasm. Regardless of personal gains and losses, the patient's life is above everything else.
Put the interests of patients and hospitals first. 2.3 Professional emergency patients are often in a dangerous condition and in a state of emergency, which requires our medical staff to have superb and skilled rescue skills; Able to respond sharply, operate skillfully, cooperate tacitly and methodically; Have a more accurate foresight.
Therefore, nurses in the emergency department must constantly strengthen the study and training of business skills, insist on learning from the old age, and all work must be "stable, accurate and fast" in order to race against time and strive to improve the medical quality and rescue level. Master the basic knowledge and skills of pre-hospital first aid, and master the use and storage of rescue equipment; Familiar with the function, usage and precautions of commonly used rescue drugs, and have strong communication skills and skills.
In a word, emergency nurses must have good personal accomplishment and "people-oriented" service concept; We must have the spirit of selfless dedication, and we must have the idea that everything is for patients and everything is for life; There should be a spirit of not being afraid of hardship and fatigue and a professional ethics that patient safety is above all else.
6. Common sense that nurses must know
Let me look around for you. It seems that this is more in line with your requirements. 1.2 emergency nurses should have the first aid ability. One of the characteristics of emergency department is that patients have sudden onset, rapid change and critical illness, mostly due to traffic accidents and accidental injuries. Therefore, time is life, so we must react quickly, race against time and deal with it in time to save the lives of patients.
1.3 emergency nurses should have good language skills. Emergency rescue often includes pre-hospital rescue and in-hospital first aid, so its work scope is large, the service population is complex, it involves many related departments and needs a lot of coordination work. Moreover, the situation is very urgent, so emergency nurses must have good language skills and communication skills in order to coordinate and organize large-scale rescue and accident handling.
2 emergency nurses should have the quality
2. 1 The physical emergency department has great responsibilities, heavy tasks, strong randomness, poor first-aid environmental conditions and great physical strength. When dealing with accidents such as large-scale car accidents and critically ill patients, it often involves carrying patients and requires strong physical strength. At the same time, in order to save patients, sometimes it takes a long time to fight. Therefore, without a strong body, it is impossible to do emergency rescue.
2.2 Political Qualities Emergency patients are often sudden and often have no family members or companions. In the process of rescuing and observing patients, only one nurse is present most of the time; There are also some patients who have no money and no owners. At this time, we need the dedication of nurses. Therefore, emergency nurses are required to have high political quality and moral cultivation, good medical ethics, lofty ideological realm, good prudence and independent spirit, and serve patients with full enthusiasm. Regardless of personal gains and losses, the patient's life is above everything else. Put the interests of patients and hospitals first.
2.3 Professional emergency patients are often in a dangerous condition and in a state of emergency, which requires our medical staff to have superb and skilled rescue skills; Able to respond sharply, operate skillfully, cooperate tacitly and methodically; Have a more accurate foresight. Therefore, nurses in the emergency department must constantly strengthen the study and training of business skills, insist on learning from the old age, and all work must be "stable, accurate and fast" in order to race against time and strive to improve the medical quality and rescue level. Master the basic knowledge and skills of pre-hospital first aid, and master the use and storage of rescue equipment; Familiar with the function, usage and precautions of commonly used rescue drugs, and have strong communication skills and skills.
In a word, emergency nurses must have good personal accomplishment and "people-oriented" service concept; We must have the spirit of selfless dedication, and we must have the idea that everything is for patients and everything is for life; There should be a spirit of not being afraid of hardship and fatigue and a professional ethics that patient safety is above all else.