With the development of economy, logistics activities become more and more frequent, and many logistics activities are more and more serious to natural resources and ecological environment, such as waste gas pollution, noise pollution, resource waste, traffic jam and waste increase, which violate the strategic principle of global sustainable development. Therefore, it is of great strategic significance to study and discuss the greening of logistics activities for sustainable development. As early as the 1960s and 1970s, developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan began to engage in and study logistics, and green logistics has been continuously developed. Developing green logistics into a new growth point is one of the six characteristics of modern logistics development trend? 3? . In China, although green logistics has gradually attracted the attention of the industry and is regarded as one of the development trends of China's logistics industry in the future, it only stays in concept and is neither systematic nor engineering. Obviously, compared with foreign countries, there are great differences in green logistics in China. Therefore, it is a long way to go to develop green logistics in China and realize sustainable development. 1 the connotation and significance of green reverse logistics The so-called reverse logistics refers to the fact that in the process of enterprise logistics, some items have lost their obvious use value (such as leftover materials in the processing process, consumed products, packaging materials, etc.). ) or the basic functions that consumers expect products to have lost their effectiveness or have been eliminated, they will be discarded as waste, but these items still have potential use value, so enterprises design recycling systems for these items so that they can be reused. This recycling system is a reverse logistics system, and the logistics in the system is reverse logistics? 5? . Green logistics refers to purifying the logistics environment and making full use of logistics resources while restraining the harm of logistics to the environment? 10? . It should be pointed out that the green logistics referred to here includes all green logistics activities in forward logistics and reverse logistics. The existence of reverse logistics replaces the traditional one-way operation mode of materials, which is conducive to reducing environmental pollution caused by improper logistics and reducing resource waste caused by incineration and landfill. At the same time, it can also reduce the cost of waste disposal, improve the performance of enterprises and the whole supply chain, and produce huge social and economic benefits. The main purpose of green reverse logistics management is to fully save and utilize resources and energy, protect the ecological environment, improve economic benefits, and finally realize the strategic policy of sustainable development. 2 strategic analysis of sustainable development 2. 1 The connotation and strategic significance of sustainable development is a development form that emphasizes the sustainable utilization of natural resources, the continuous improvement of ecological environment, the continuous improvement of quality of life and the sustainable development of economy? 6? . Today, with the development of global economy, people are facing serious problems such as "resource shortage, environmental deterioration and population expansion". The development of logistics industry will consume a lot of resources and energy, and at the same time produce waste gas, waste water, waste and noise, which will seriously destroy the ecological environment. Therefore, logistics enterprises should plan and manage from the strategic height of sustainable development from the beginning, and take "sustainable development" as the principle of the best interests of enterprises? 9? . Green logistics is an important problem that logistics management faces and needs to be solved urgently in the 2 1 century, and it is an inevitable trend to realize sustainable development. 2.2 Study on Sustainable Development Strategy 2.2. 1 Minimize waste and realize sustainable development. Waste management can usually minimize residues in industrial production. There are two ways to reduce waste. 4? ① Prevention of waste generation from waste generation; ② "Turn waste into treasure" for existing waste. The specific methods are waste reduction, waste reduction, waste recycling and waste recovery (the above methods are referred to as 4Rs for short). 4Rs can reduce the amount of waste to be treated, and there is a certain logical level between them, which reveals the priority of the four methods. 4? . As shown in figure 1. In general, reducing the waste caused by the use of resources is the best way, and striving for no waste is the first priority. If waste has been produced, we should try our best to fully tap its connotation and use. If possible, the best way is to reuse. If it is not feasible, recycle these wastes. Finally, recover energy from waste that cannot be reduced, reused and recycled. This has achieved the goal of "making the best use of logistics resources" and laid the foundation for realizing the strategic goal of sustainable utilization of natural resources and promoting sustainable development. At the same time, realizing the ecological balance of matter and energy in industrial production will inevitably become an important direction of theoretical research on industrial manufacturing in China. 2.2.2 Manage reverse logistics to promote sustainable economic development. Among all kinds of activities involved in reverse logistics, managing the goods returned by customers is the most important one. For the reverse logistics management in the circulation field, the following measures can be taken: ① Minimize the backflow of commodities in the circulation? 8? ; ② Establish a recycling logistics system within the whole supply chain. The specific analysis is as follows. The management of reverse logistics should start with the prevention of return (return), because the return of some commodity types (see table 1 and table 2) can be avoided (or minimized), and logistics enterprises only need to require each employee from the strategic height of development. Table 1 and table 2 list the reasons for the return of goods by end consumers and retailers respectively. Secondly, we should establish the design concept of disassembly? 8? That is, when designing products, we should fully consider how to make the continuous treatment of reflux products easier, so as to facilitate the renovation, remanufacturing or recycling of raw materials. In addition, due to mass production, circulation and mass consumption, a large amount of garbage will be produced, and some difficulties in garbage disposal will lead to the exhaustion of social resources and the deterioration of the natural environment. Therefore, logistics enterprises should not only consider their own logistics efficiency, but also cooperate with other nodes in the supply chain to organize logistics from the perspective of the whole supply chain, and finally establish a circular logistics system including producers, manufacturers, wholesale retailers and consumers (Figure 2). This is of great strategic significance for promoting the sustainable development of the economy. 2.2.3 Green reverse logistics to achieve sustainable development. For the greening of reverse logistics activities, we can focus on the following two issues: ① green recycling of waste materials; ② Green treatment of recycled products. Specifically, waste recycling itself is a green activity. It is conceivable that if there is only a one-way operation mode of positive logistics in the world, the surplus of manufacturers in the production process and the waste of consumers in the consumption process will spread all over the world before long. Environmental pollution and waste of resources are unimaginable. The division of green disposal methods of recycled goods can be determined by Thierry? 1? 1995: direct reuse; Repair (repair); Recycling; Remanufacture (remanufacture). ? Referred to as 4rs 4rs, it can reduce the amount of waste materials, reduce the cost of waste materials treatment in enterprises, and reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by incineration and landfill. What are its green treatment methods, application examples and hierarchical relationships? 5? As shown in Table 3. In general, the best way to make recycling logistics green is to reuse and remanufacture. This kind of reuse and remanufacturing can fully recover useful natural resources by recycling materials, reduce the treatment cost of waste materials, and produce huge economic benefits. In addition, there is a key benefit, that is, due to the reduction of waste, the pollution to the natural environment is reduced, the ecological environment is protected and the ecological balance is promoted. This has achieved the goal of "sustainable utilization of ecological environment" and provided a good development space for realizing the strategic goal of sustainable development. 3 Countermeasures and suggestions for sustainable development 3. 1 As the main body of green reverse logistics, enterprises are mainly professional logistics enterprises. Therefore, it is very important for logistics enterprises, especially third-party logistics enterprises, to implement green logistics and realize sustainable development. It is also the most critical link in the whole logistics activity chain, which is directly related to the concrete implementation of green logistics. Specifically, in order to realize the greening of reverse logistics, enterprises should focus on solving two difficulties, one is the recycling of goods, and the other is the handling of recycled goods. For the recycling of articles, it is suggested to establish reasonable and optimized recycling modes: internal recycling mode and external recycling mode. As can be seen from the structural diagram of the "recycling logistics system" shown in Figure 2, waste products, defective products, corner wastes and damaged products in storage and transportation in enterprises such as suppliers and manufacturers are all recycled through the recycling mode in enterprises. Returns from end customers and retailers, packaging materials from wholesale retailers, and valuable domestic garbage and waste generated by consumer groups can all be recycled through the recycling mode outside the enterprise. Some durable consumer goods, such as household appliances, computers, mobile phones, pressure cookers and other consumer goods, can be recycled outside the enterprise through the "trade-in" green marketing model. At the same time, enterprises can establish waste materials recycling centers in major cities that pay equal attention to maintenance and recycling, so as to facilitate the recycling of waste materials and greatly reduce the pollution of waste materials to the ecological environment. The general principle of dealing with recycled materials is recycling, fully tapping the expected use of waste materials, and recovering energy that cannot be used. Specifically, it is classified first, and then processed according to different types; Make full use of the products that can be used and only need simple maintenance without affecting the quality, and directly enter the sales market through simple treatment; Scraps produced by manufacturers, packaging materials left by wholesale retailers and valuable domestic garbage produced by users can be transported to suppliers or third-party manufacturers for recycling. It is worth noting that enterprises need a lot of investment to establish a recycling garbage disposal system. Therefore, enterprises can consider contracting it to third-party logistics enterprises or joining hands with other enterprises. 3.2 As a government, the government should play a leading role in green logistics, actively support green logistics and create a good external environment for enterprises. Specifically, in terms of transportation, the government should strengthen the control and management of logistics pollution sources, vehicle flow and vehicle flow on the basis of strengthening the construction of transportation infrastructure. Strictly implement the existing Environmental Protection Law, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, and formulate the Law on Pre-charging for Waste Treatment and other laws; And formulate relevant preferential policies to encourage enterprises to carry out green logistics activities, such as raising highway transportation prices; Incline the enterprises that implement green logistics in terms of taxes and loans; Establish special green logistics management and supervision institutions; Advocate the construction of green logistics parks, especially in urban centers, and so on. In packaging, the government should try its best to raise people's awareness of environmental protection and formulate some laws and regulations to restrict the packaging behavior of enterprises. For example, packaging container manufacturers can apply for exemption from packaging waste tax as long as they reach a certain recycling level; Therefore, packaging enterprises should try to use easily recycled paper materials. It is suggested that enterprises should adhere to the following principles in the production and use of packaging: packaging raw materials or containers should not endanger human health; Try to use less packaging materials that are difficult to degrade after being discarded; Minimize the packaging volume; The volume of space in the packaging container should not exceed 20% of the product volume. In terms of distribution and processing, the government can build a logistics park so that logistics enterprises can operate centrally, which is conducive to economic development and environmental protection. 3.3 As consumers, consumers are both advocates and supervisors of green reverse logistics. First of all, consumers should establish the concept of green reverse logistics; With a population of 65.438+0.3 billion, everyone is a consumer. If everyone understands the importance of environmental protection and sustainable utilization of resources to sustainable development, and everyone has environmental awareness, it will be just around the corner to do a good job in green logistics. Secondly, advocate green reverse logistics behavior; If you think, you think. When people realize that resources and environment are so important, for the survival and development of the next generation, people not only ask for green consumption, but also ask the government to regulate green logistics management through public opinion. Third, advocate green reverse logistics action; It is particularly important for consumers to properly handle the waste after consumption. The specific requirement is that garbage should be classified when dealing with it. For example, trash cans in some cities are divided into recyclable and non-recyclable parts; Try to consume products with simple packaging; Try to use "vegetable basket" instead of plastic bags; Used household appliances, computers and other durable goods at home are treated with "trade-in", and so on.