When reading, writing reading notes is a good way to train reading.
Memory is very important for accumulating knowledge, but we should not be superstitious about memory. Lenin had an amazing memory, but he worked hard and wrote many reading notes. As the saying goes, "the lightest ink is better than the strongest memory." Therefore, Tolstoy, a Russian writer, asked himself to carry a pencil and a notebook with him at all times and write down all the wonderful things and words he encountered during reading and talking.
Writing reading notes is a necessary condition for deeply understanding and firmly mastering what you have learned, and it is also a necessary condition for accumulating learning materials for emergencies. There are many ways to make reading notes, and different methods have different functions. Here are some common ways to write reading notes.
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Notes taken while reading.
Reading extracurricular books, how can we not forget? How can I not lose what I have learned? As you said, it's a good idea to write reading notes.
Memory is very important for accumulating knowledge, but we should not be superstitious about memory. Lenin had an amazing memory, but he worked hard and wrote many reading notes. As the saying goes, "the lightest ink is better than the strongest memory." Therefore, Tolstoy, a Russian writer, asked himself to carry a pencil and a notebook with him at all times and write down all the wonderful things and words he encountered during reading and talking.
Writing reading notes is a necessary condition for deeply understanding and firmly mastering what you have learned, and it is also a necessary condition for accumulating learning materials for emergencies. There are many ways to make reading notes, and different methods have different functions. Here are some common ways to write reading notes.
The easiest way to take reading notes is to "extract".
Abstraction means reading a book or an article, extracting 83 good sentences and paragraphs, and copying them in a notebook or card.
The content of the extract should be determined according to your own needs. You can copy the teachings of leaders and tutors, the wise sayings of thinkers, writers and scientists, the brave words and proverbs of people and heroes, etc. For example:
There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb along steep mountain roads can hope to reach its glorious summit.
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Types of reading notes
There are many kinds of reading notes, which are generally divided into four categories.
(1) summary formula.
That is, some important ideas, wonderful aphorisms and useful data from books or articles are extracted, with the purpose of accumulating various materials and preparing for scientific research, teaching, learning and work. Can be extracted according to the original book or the original system; You can also extract important arguments and paragraphs; You can also extract important numbers.
(2) Interpretation style.
Comment notes not only extract, but also write down your own views and comments on these views. The common method is header annotation. That is, mark important places in the book with a pen or mark them with comments and folding pages in the blank; You can also briefly record the arguments or main arguments of books and articles by outline method; You can also summarize the main points of the full text and write down the main contents; Reading the whole book or commenting on the gains and losses in full text is also a method.
(3) experience.
That is, after reading it It is your own understanding, feeling, experience and sentiment after reading a book or article. The commonly used methods are: reading notes, also called reading notes, are the product of the combination of notes and experience; Experience, also known as the feeling after reading. Write your reading experience, feelings and gains; It is also a good way to read books by combining opinions with opinions, putting forward your own opinions and recording them.
(4) Record type.
1) notebook.
This notebook can be used to copy the original text, write an outline, take notes and write a summary. The advantage is that it is easy to save, but the disadvantage is that it is inconvenient to classify, but it can be compiled separately according to categories.
2) loose-leaf book.
Can be used to take all kinds of notes. It is easy to classify and save paper for future reference.
3) cards.
The advantages are easy classification, arrangement according to use, convenient and flexible adjustment, and paper saving, but the space is small and the content is not long.
4) newspaper clippings.
Cut out newspapers and useful materials. Long articles can be pasted on notebooks or loose-leaf books, and short materials can be pasted on cards. Newspaper clippings can be marked or posted by classification, and the source should be indicated for easy use.
5) Copy the full text.
Important reading materials, in order to maintain integrity, can be copied and catalogued in full.
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1
Life is the most precious thing for people, and life belongs to us only once. A man's life should be spent like this: when he looks back, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing. In this way, when he dies, he can say, "My life and all my energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind."
-"How steel was tempered"
2
The straight mountain peak just seen from a distance stands on the throat. The mountain is like an axe, beautiful and elegant. (Case): It is ok to use "handsome" to describe "tall and straight" and "axe-cut" mountains, but it is not appropriate to use "graceful" to describe them. "Graceful" means graceful posture. How can a mountain as straight as an axe give people a soft feeling? You can change "graceful" to "tall and straight".
-A Brief Comment on Chinese.
three
I just want to express some hope while regretting.
First of all, of course, I hope everyone (not just intellectuals, but all party member, League members, all awakened youths and awakened laborers) can learn from them, especially those who still have some distrust of intellectuals and are afraid to confide in them, those who blindly strive for fame and gain, and even those who are half-hearted about the socialist motherland and envy the capitalist "paradise", and read more about their deeds. ……
Secondly, I want to say, I hope all the organs and party organizations where advanced elements work, every party member and even every honest citizen can show more and better concern for these advanced elements. ……
four
If you give me three days of light, this is a thought-provoking topic. After listening, there will inevitably be a lot of reverie. Is this a blind man? What's her name? Give her three days of light, what will she do? This series of questions will come to mind. I can't answer you because I haven't finished reading this book.
However, every article in the book left a deep impression on me.
Thoughts on Reading If I Have Three Days of Light
Helen (the author) was a smart and lively girl when she was a child. She can speak some simple words in six months and walk after one year old. In a word, she is much more obedient and studious than the average child. However, the good times don't last long, and the happy time always ends prematurely. In a spring full of beautiful songs of robins and larks and full of flowers, after a high fever, Helen lost her hearing and sight, and then she could not speak. These three things are necessary and indispensable in life. If you lose these three things, for an ordinary person, it is equivalent to losing the fun of life. If you were Helen and you were given three days, what would you do? . If I were her, I would not live. No amount of strength and drum power can illuminate my dark, cold and wet heart. There is only one thought in my heart: it is better to live like this than to die, so let's end it early.
However, Helen's practice is just the opposite of my idea. She spent 88 spring and autumn years in her life, but she survived 87 years of loneliness without light, silence and words. Moreover, it is this blind, deaf and dumb woman who graduated from Harvard University in the United States. What an amazing achievement. But after all, this amazing achievement is inseparable from her own efforts. Compared with her, it's a world of difference. I'm really ashamed!
Helen can create these miracles that ordinary people can't imagine, all because she has an indomitable and persistent new one. She accepted the challenge of life without hesitation, embraced a beautiful and vibrant world with her fiery heart and great love, and fought against difficulties with amazing perseverance. Finally, she overcame the challenge of life, opened her eyes, gained confidence and hope, and walked out of silence and darkness. Finally, she extended her loving hands to the whole world!
Helen changed from a blind and deaf girl to a writer of world civilization. She experienced many ups and downs, but she never backed down, but went forward bravely, fearless in the face of difficulties, overcome difficulties and surmount them. A blind and deaf person can do it, not to mention that we are a person without defects. There is no reason why we can't do it! Some students feel inferior and say they are stupid. Everyone is equal. There is no genius or idiot. Genius and stupidity depend on whether this person has the determination and perseverance to learn, which is the most important thing. The road of life is bumpy, depending on whether you have the confidence and perseverance to step on it and step on the road to success step by step.
Each of us is painting a picture of our own life. Only by working hard and constantly striving for self-improvement will our life be full of bright colors and our life picture will shine.
five
Reflections on reading childhood
This summer, I read Gorky's autobiographical novels. This summer, I read Gorky's autobiographical novel Childhood and was deeply impressed.
Maxim Gorky was born in a poor carpenter's family. Gorky suffered a lot during the brutal czar's rule: he lost his father when he was young, but was abused by his grandfather. The people around him are so selfish, greedy and full of hatred. ...
Gorky's childhood was so miserable. Compared with him, I am much happier.
I was born in a beautiful place surrounded by mountains and rivers. My parents take care of me in every possible way, my relatives are extremely kind to me, and my friends are naive and friendly to me, so that the happy notes always fall on my side. I play in the bamboo forest, go to the mountains to pick mushrooms, catch crabs in the stream, chase butterflies, smell flowers and chase grasshoppers. That's how my childhood began. I stumbled along with a big basket. The big basket always hits my heel. Two pigtails are jumping up and down happily, and the white butterfly is jumping up and down happily. The blue sky in Wan Li and Wan Li are cloudless, the skirt is lifted by the breeze, and more than half of the wheat ears are in the basket. The good times of childhood were spent in happy labor.
Walking into the campus full of books, I became a student. The whole day begins with the sound of reading The teacher taught us knowledge enthusiastically and the students discussed with each other. We are like saplings, nourished by spring breeze and rain, absorbing more and better knowledge and thriving. In this sea of knowledge, I ended my happy childhood and began to mature.
I live in a socialist country full of humanitarianism, where there is no flogging, beating, hatred, greed, rudeness, endless atrocities and scandals. People here are kind, innocent and optimistic, so my childhood is full of happiness and happiness.
Notes of Wang Anyi
Brief Introduction to Books —— Notes of Wang Anyi
Wang Anyi, a famous writer, believes that reading is "understanding and sincerely watching other people's life gains while holding their own experiences and conclusions", so Wang Anyi's reading notes are unique in perspective, delicate in feelings, vivid in evaluation, concise and tense in language, attractive in expression and beneficial to people. This book is rich in content, vivid and interesting. Wang Anyi believes that reading is to see another world through books, "to see the endless spiritual landscape of mankind. We are actually reading ourselves. " As readers, we can also vaguely see the writer's inner world through the dribs and drabs of Wang Anyi's reading notes.
About the Author —— Notes of Wang Anyi
Wang Anyi is one of the most famous contemporary female writers in China. 1954 was born in Nanjing and settled in Shanghai with his mother, becoming a representative writer of contemporary "Shanghai School" literature. Since the publication of 1979, Wang Anyi has written short, medium and long novels, as well as more than 4 million words of prose and literary criticism. His works won the National Short Story Award and the National Novelette Award, and his masterpiece Song of Eternal Sorrow won the Fifth Mao Dun Literature Award. Most of the works before the mid-1980s were about educated youth, expressing the pursuit and yearning for life and being good at psychological description. After 1990s, she began to pursue new narrative styles, such as Uncle's Story and Utopian Poetry. She used the raw materials of the real world to create novels, transformed the increasingly mediocre object world with the spiritual power of novels, and shaped a spiritual tower reflecting the tradition of intellectuals. Recently, language changes are obvious, from simple to crowded, such as Song of Eternal Sorrow, which gives a detailed and complicated description of Shanghai. His works have been translated into many languages, which have great influence at home and abroad. He is a prolific best-selling writer in contemporary literary circles.
Book Catalogue —— Notes of Wang Anyi
I. Reading Mood (Preface)
My "study" life
Elements of reading
Swallow books and grow up
more or less
Look for him in the crowd.
Studying in a remote place
see a movie
Books in books
Read while walking
Reading mentality
Go to the library
Second, reading notes
After reading "Strange Stories in a Foreign Land"
Wang Lao tells stories
Color mileage
A Comparison of Novel Languages between Mainland China and Taiwan Province
The Story of Going to the Sea —— Reading Xie Pu Chao
The other side of Mud Day
Out of phoenix
Farewell to the memories of youth
An Anecdotal Love Story —— A Novel Text about Love
Looking for Su Qing.
Utopia of male-female relationship
Protect from attack
Cruel Realism —— Rereading Madame Bovary
The spirit of imitation
Criticism of Knowledge —— Talking from Jiang Yun
Human misery —— Reading Village Clinic
Brilliant Mountain Flowers —— Comments on Yu Tianer's novels Guandi Temple, Land Temple and Stone House
Secular Zhang Ailing
Imagine the handicraft age.
Elegant structure
Between consciousness and unconsciousness
Documentaries and novels
Facts and explanations
Jingcheng Shikai
Hong kong people-comment on infatuation with beauty-love is silent
How to write reading notes?
[Edit this paragraph]
How to write reading notes? Writing reading notes is usually the biggest headache for students. Here's how to write reading notes:
Reading notes are generally divided into extracts, outlines, comments and random thoughts. The format and writing are not difficult, and the feeling of reading notes is a bit troublesome, but as long as you understand the relationship between arguments, arguments and arguments, you can easily win it, because the feeling of reading is only an argumentative paper. I think you failed in the end because you learned rather than used it. Many applied languages can only be used in future work practice, while reading notes belong to daily use and should be learned immediately. Guess: You must be talking about hanging beams, tapered spikes and firefly capsules reflecting snow, right? If not, it will be said that learning is endless. It doesn't mean that there is a golden house in the book, but there is Yan Ruyu in the book, right? You are smart, and you are full of awe and alienation from books. Television, comic books and pop songs have carved up your heart, but I still want to open up another acre of land for books.
Reading notes refer to a style in which people write down things worth recording and their own experiences when reading books or articles. The ancients had a famous experience in reading, which told them to read with eyes, mouth, heart and hands. This "hand to hand" is a reading note. After reading an article or a book, you should write reading notes according to different situations. Commonly used forms are:
1, abstract reading notes
Reading notes are to accurately copy sentences and paragraphs related to one's study, work and research according to the original text when reading. After extracting the original text, the source should be indicated, including the title, author, publishing unit, publication date, page number, etc. For reference and verification. Abstraction should be selective, and whether it is useful or not should be taken as the standard of abstraction. The extracted notes can be divided into:
(1) index reading notes
Index reading notes are notes that only record the title and source of an article. Such as book title, author, publication date, library. If it is a book, you should remember the book, chapters and sections. If it is a periodical, remember the issue number, and the newspaper should remember the year, month, day and page for future reference. For example: Zhuang Zhao: On Who to Biography, Guangming Daily History.
(2) Transcribe the original reading notes
Copying the original text of reading notes means copying the wonderful sentences and paragraphs related to your own study and research in books and periodicals as the original materials for future application. To extract the original text, write down the classification theme and indicate the source after the quotation.
2. Comment on reading notes
Critical reading notes are not only excerpts, but also their main views on the content and materials of reading materials, which naturally include expressing the author's feelings. Comments sometimes give a general explanation of the main points of the excerpt. There are the following notes:
(1) Title Note
Making notes at the beginning of a book is the easiest way to take notes. That is, when reading a book, draw a symbol in the blank next to the word with a pen, or add a note in the blank, or make a note with folded pages and paper clips, and so on. This method of taking notes can not only deepen the understanding of the contents of the book, but also provide convenience for future search.
(2) Overview
An outline describes the arguments and arguments of a book or an article in the form of an outline. The outline can briefly write the main contents according to the chapters and paragraphs of the original text. Outline reading notes can be written by combining the original sentence with your own language.
(3) Summary
Abstract is different from outline. Outline is the main point of writing paragraph by paragraph, and summary is the main point of writing a comprehensive text. You can simply write the reading content in your own language. In addition to objectively describing the content of reading materials, it also has the nature of some comments
Another kind of abstract is a brief description of the content of an article or a book.
(4) Comment on reading notes
Commenting on reading notes means commenting on the gains and losses after reading the book, or commenting on the difficulties. Such reading notes are called comment notes. For example, Lu Xun read a passage in Hui Hui magazine: Qing Yan Unlicensed Hui Hui Magazine: The West Lake has a stone carving of the word "Man Jiang Hong" by Yan Song and E Wang, which is very magnificent. Words are generous, books are thin and powerful, and at the end, the title is University Gai Hua. Later generations erased their names and changed the topic to Xia Yan. Although it is a pen, it is enough to punish rape.
Case: Yan Song's poems and Yue Fei's ci are like deeds, but later generations left a message to change their names, which seems to deceive themselves. Mr. Yan thought they could write and promise to punish the traitors, which was like ambiguity. Only 60 words, written in three states. (Lu Xun's Collected Works Bookstore Folded Collection (II))
(5) Supplement the original reading notes
Reading notes that supplement the original text are used to supplement the content of the original book or article after reading. It should be noted that the supplement to the original text is not dispensable, but should be extended or expanded around the central idea.
3. Read your notes carefully.
Learning to read notes is a kind of notes to write your own knowledge, feelings, experiences, feelings and gains after reading. It has the following kinds:
(1) Note
Reading notes, also known as reading notes, are written in combination with the main points and experiences of reading notes. The forms of these notes are flexible and varied. Can be long or short.
(2) Experience
Learning notes is also called post-reading. Write down your experiences, feelings and gains after reading. These reading notes can be used to write the experience of reading, and also to write the development of some arguments in the original text or to put forward criticism and discussion opinions. Writing this kind of notes is generally based on your own language, and you can also quote the original text appropriately.
(3) Comprehensive reading notes
Comprehensive reading notes refer to notes that after reading several books or articles on the same subject, grasp the center to comment on your own views and opinions and put forward your own views.
The above three types of reading notes, no matter which type is adopted, are all for the service of study, work, scientific research and writing. When taking notes, you can use abstract style first, and then read more books. After comparison, you can write translation notes. As for the experience style, it goes further and belongs to the category of scientific research.
Summarize:
Taking reading notes can not only improve the efficiency of reading books and articles, but also improve the ability of scientific research and writing. Through study and practice, students fully realize the role of library, which not only gains knowledge and exercises ability, but also stimulates students' desire to explore.