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Chapter _ Character introduction
Chapter 1

Zhang _( 186 1 year-1949), whose real name is Haoshan, is a maritime tourist in Sanmen County, Zhejiang Province. Famous scholar, educator and calligrapher. New China diplomat Zhang's grandfather.

In the 30th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, imperial academy was selected for the imperial examination. Successively promoted and supervised the Institute of Translation of Shi Jing University, assisted and edited the Institute of National History, edited the Institute of Chen Gong, supervised the Institute of Postal Communication and the Ministry of Communications, and served as the president of Beijing Women's Normal School. Zhang _ 1947 lives in Shanghai in autumn. The following autumn, he moved to Hangzhou and lived in peace. 1February 1949 17, died in Goushan, Hangzhou, at the age of 89.

Professor Zhang Xin, president of Peking University Calligraphy and Painting Association, commented: "There are only a few famous calligraphers in the history of Peking University, such as Zhang _, Jin Xihou, Shen and so on. Li Zhimin is the first person in the new era of reform and opening up. "

Chinese name: Zhang

Alias: Zhang

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Haiyou, Sanmen County, Zhejiang Province

Date of birth: 186 1 year

Date of death: 1949

Occupation: educator, calligrapher

Main achievements: Principal of Beijing Women's Normal School.

Representative works: Kangxi politician

outline

Zhang _ was enthusiastic about local public welfare undertakings, and initiated and raised money in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903).

The establishment of Haiyou Primary School is the beginning of running schools in Ninghai and Linhai counties. Later, 18 ancestral houses and several acres of thin land were handed down.

Donate to school property. In 18 (1929), the drought in six counties in Taizhou was serious. Zhang and 78 Taiwan Province compatriots in Shanghai set up "Taiwan Province Disaster Relief Society", and donated more than 60,000 yuan for emergency relief in Linhai and Nanxiang, Ninghai.

Zhang _ cursive script is very famous in Southeast Asian countries. His works include Emperor Kangxi (24 volumes), Lu Lun Jin Jian (6 volumes), Yi Shan Wen Cun 12, Yi Shan Xi Yin Poetry Collection and Wang () Zhang () Poetry Collection 17. Translate the Japanese Outline of Teaching Management Law; Revise Xun Zhi Zhai Ji, etc.

Character experience

Zhang _ His father, Si Peigong, has a strict family education, and his mother is sensible. Both of them are from scholarly families. Zhang _ entered a private school at the age of 6, and at the age of 9, he entered the private school of Mr. Hua Lao in Jiangzui, Shan 'ao to study eight-part essay. /kloc-when he was 0/6 years old, he went to the home of Mr. Gong, a famous family in Ninghai City and was appreciated by the teacher. He was betrothed to Mr. Gong with his eldest daughter. /kloc-a scholar at the age of 0/8. After returning to Hangzhou Jingshe to study, I studied under Yu Quyuan, a famous teacher in the south of the Yangtze River, and was personally taught by Yu. I studied classics, history, mathematics, astronomy and geography, and made some progress in my studies. However, after many attempts, he lived in the university for more than ten years and got married at the age of 30. In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), his mother died and Ding You was at home. Later, he was recommended as a screen friend for learning. Every time you read a boy's test paper, you should be careful, for fear of ignoring your talent. I have been to Sichuan, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces to look for a job and investigate people's feelings and customs, so as to expand my knowledge. In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), he chose tribute in the senior high school entrance examination and went to Beijing to catch the exam. He should stop taking exams and return to the south to respond to the Reform Movement of 1898. Two years later, my father died and went home to mourn. My father had abandoned ponds, mountains and rivers in front of Ninghai, and the local people earned little from their hard work every day. In order to improve the life of masons, he ordered local leaders that their annual income should not exceed 65,438+0,000 Liang. It is decided that 500 taels will be used as the funds for running primary schools, 300 taels as local public welfare and 200 taels as management fees. This shows that he is generous and has provided the necessary funds for the establishment of Haiyou Primary School.

In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zhang was hired as the principal of Shanghai Chengzhong Middle School. In the same year, Geng Zi and Xin Chou participated in the provincial examination and were promoted. In the spring of the 29th year of Guangxu, with Zhang's advocacy and leading donation, Haiyang School began to be established, with a school system of 10 years, and invited famous teachers to teach. In the 30th year of Guangxu, he was admitted to Beijing Jinshi, and the entrance examination was awarded to the Hanlin Academy for evaluation. Later, he served as the director and supervisor of the Translation Institute of Shi Jing University Hall (predecessor of Peking University) (equivalent to the provost and dean of the School of Foreign Languages), assisted by the Institute of National History of the Hanlin Academy (editor-in-chief), editor-in-chief of Gongren Museum (editor-in-chief) and editor-in-chief of Dezong Records Museum, and the Ministry of Post participated. He is also the dean of the Department of Classical Literature and the College of Literature of Shi Jing University (equivalent to the provost of Peking University College of Literature).

1909 Acting supervisor of Railway Institute.

President of Beijing Women's Normal School (predecessor of Beijing Normal University). 19 14 was compiled into the Record of Dezong and sent back to Shanghai. President Yuan Shikai and Xu Shichang invited each other through letters and telegrams, and then sent people to the government hall with generous gifts, but they were both declined. Shortly after living in Shanghai, he was hired to teach at Qingdao Comte University. During World War I, the Japanese invaded Qingdao and moved to Shanghai. Zhang Yuanji, a famous publisher, was hired as the editor of the Commercial Press. Shen, the editor-in-chief of Zhejiang, hired him as the editor-in-chief, and Wang Guowei and Zhang Guangxuan, the masters of Chinese studies, co-edited it. I have lived for several years, and my manuscript is almost finished. Unfortunately, due to the warlord melee, things have become more and more chaotic and have not been published. Later, he was hired by Cangsheng Sage University to give a lecture on literature and history. 1in the autumn of 934, due to the increasing number of students in Haiyuan Central School, the ancestral hall could not accommodate it. He resolutely donated 24 ancestral houses, 20 boxes of foundations (today's former site of Haiyou Primary School) and 20 boxes of secretaries to Haiyou Primary School, and donated several acres of paddy fields in Dahutang to Haiyou Primary School for school production. After the July 7th Incident, Beijing and Tianjin fell. Zhang witnessed the changes in the world and was deeply moved. He studied Buddhism and taught himself to read poems and write books to amuse himself. Chapter _ ICBC, cursive script, graceful and vigorous font, approaching the Tang Dynasty, pen and ink handed down from generation to generation, especially in Southeast Asian countries, winning the chapter _ Mo Bao is a blessing. In the book Taizhou Painter, edited by Shi Yuan, Lin Hai commented on his calligraphy: "It is late in Ninghai, and Taiwan Province is strong after practicing calligraphy." According to the Dictionary of China Artists' Surnames 1980 published by Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House in February, "Zhang _ was good at writing calligraphy, cursive in his later years, writing with five fingers, moving his wrist like a stirrup, and Tsinghua in calligraphy, with an elegant volume. Thousands of words are simple or tired, or pure grass, without miscellaneous books, but the words are unknown. " Mr. Sha Menghai, a contemporary master of calligraphy, commented that his calligraphy was "the first person to learn calligraphy for more than 1000 years since the Tang Dynasty." Professor Zhang Xin, president of Peking University Calligraphy and Painting Association, put forward when combing the history of calligraphy in Peking University: "There are only a few famous calligraphers in Peking University history, such as Zhang _, Jin Xihou, Shen, and Li Zhimin was the first person in the new period of reform and opening up."

1949 1 month, Tianjin liberation, Zhang's eldest grandson (later ambassador to the United States, vice foreign minister, etc. ) and his wife * * * went to Tianjin to take office and added their great grandson. He was glad to write a poem to celebrate. Since then, Mr. Wang's spirit has been refreshed, and he thinks that the country has the hope of peace and the great harmony that Confucianism yearns for can be realized, and has made many optimistic and heroic poems one after another.

Artistic feature

The History of Zhang Gong, a statesman of Kangxi, compiled the laws and regulations of the Qing Dynasty and made an accurate choice. He was good at writing patterns. In his later years, he was good at cursive writing, writing with five fingers, moving his wrist like stirrups, and writing Tsinghua in calligraphy, graceful and restrained. Bamboo slips or a thousand words are as salty as pure grass, and there are no miscellaneous books, but you don't read a word. Zhang _ Calligraphy is the most admired by Sha Menghai. Mr. Sha's calligraphy couplets are hung in his study all the year round, which shows his admiration for calligraphy. 1After the end of the 9th century and the 20th century, the drastic social changes inevitably touched all aspects of society. The typical literati calligraphy was influenced and infected by the New Culture Movement, which inevitably changed accordingly, and led to profound changes in people's aesthetic concepts and thoughts. As a veteran of the former dynasty, Zhang was conservative politically and artistically, which reflected his deep-rooted conservative thoughts in his later years. Of course, his conservatism is not the "cabinet style" of "lightness, smoothness and smoothness" pursued by scholars in the Qing Dynasty, but a kind of "calm ambition, no excitement and no calendar" for Sun. At first, Zhang _ calligraphy took a road of adhering to the academic system, which was close to the "pavilion style". After middle age, influenced by the new culture, the style of calligraphy has changed, and it is easy to adopt the ancient method, combine the virtual and the real, use wild words, be careful with pen and ink, be graceful and profound, and make a profound contribution. After the Revolution of 1911, he lived in Shanghai for a long time. In his later years, he was proficient in cursive writing, writing with five fingers, moving his wrist like a stirrup, and writing Tsinghua in calligraphy. His body is beautiful, his book is simple or tired for more than 1000 words, salty and pure, and he doesn't know a word.

achievements of art

Zhang _ wrote many books in his life, including 24 volumes of Emperor Kangxi, 6 volumes of Lu Lun Jin Jian, Yi Shan Wen Cun 12, Yi Shan Xi Ji 1 volume, and Wang (Mei Bo) Zhang (Yi Shan) poetry. Unpublished works include Examination of Celebrating the People's Rites, Guangxu's New Deal, Zulu Poems of Founder Studies, Biography of the adherents of the Ming Dynasty, etc. Unfortunately, the manuscript was also lost. The metrical poems written by Mr. Wang are all in the same style (a kind of poetic style popular in Tongzhi and Guangxu years), and almost every sentence is quoted in allusion, which is difficult for ordinary readers to understand, but it can also be seen that he is well-read and knowledgeable. His article also won the praise of later generations. According to the Dictionary of Artists' Surnames in China, "Zhang _ Gong's Literary Ability written by Emperor Kangxi summed up the laws and regulations of the Qing Dynasty and made an accurate choice." "Rebuilding Zhejiang Tongzhi Draft" contains: "The Republic of China contains eight volumes of" Mountain of Literature ",which is a masterpiece of classics and has different styles. Finally, there is a volume of parallel prose, with printed and woodcut editions, and a preface by Lu Zuo. Briefly:' Look, the meaning is dense and the words are clean, and there are many words, which is commendable! Influenced by the Yu family in Deqing, he said that he had studied law and disdained to dazzle the world with floating words. He is a collection, especially in order to post his theory here. He is diligent and devoted to catching the disabled. "Taizhou Local Records written by Chen Zheshan in the early years of the Republic of China contains:" Ninghai Zhang _ is a mountain, less from Qu Yuan, for grammar, and the teacher is learning. "The study of classics and the history of learning have long existed, and they are not willing to be vulgar." Zhang _ wrote six volumes of Lu Lun Jin Jing, including hundreds of manuscripts, poems and notes, calligraphy couplets, screen strips, fans, famous paintings and calligraphy collections, all of which were destroyed in the Cultural Revolution, and the seals were abandoned in the back lake of the Summer Palace. His sons Zhang and Wu Yu 1950 gave a box of secrets of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, four boxes of steles, more than 50 packages of rubbings of temples and steles, dozens of calligraphy and paintings, a set of woodcut collections and other cultural relics to the Zhejiang Provincial Library and Museum for collection. A copy of Emperor Kangxi and a volume of calligraphy inscribed and postscript by a famous scholar Shen were donated to Beijing Library for collection.