Annotation refers to criticizing and commenting on the article in the blank space of the text when reading, and its function is to help you master the contents of the book. Annotation is an important form of appreciation and criticism of Chinese literature, and it is also a traditional reading method. Straight into the text, less detours, mostly short sentences to the point. It is a record of readers' own feelings, which embodies readers' different eyes and feelings.

First, the role of notation symbols

"~ ~ ~" wavy lines (also called curves) are drawn under the incisive and important sentences in the article.

Difficult words in the article are marked with "○" circles.

The sentences that need to be grasped in the article are marked with "-"lines to deepen memory and understanding.

"?" A question mark, used at the end of a questionable statement.

"‖"/"separator, used to separate paragraphs and levels.

Second, write emotional comments.

When a person moves his heart to read an article, he will inevitably feel deep or shallow. In order to cultivate students' habit of thinking while reading, we ask students to write down their feelings at any time after reading the article. For example, after reading the first paragraph of the preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang, the students wrote such a comment: "Is the plum blossom fragrant?" Song Lian has achieved so much because he can stand the test of bad environment.

It's winter now, and the environment these days is a bit like that in the book, but sometimes I want to shrink back. It seems that only by eating hard can you become a master! "

Some students read the biography of Mr. Wu Liu and made such a comment in the last paragraph: "Don't worry about poverty, don't worry about wealth." He never condescends to buy five bushels of rice. What a broad mind this is. Do not pursue fame and fortune, do not go with the flow, in order to write so many leisurely and fresh pastoral poems. As "Drinking" said, "The heart is far from self-centered". If a person has the dust of street customs in his heart, of course, he will not have the comfort of "seeing the South Mountain leisurely".

These emotional annotations can not only help them understand the text deeply and grasp the main idea of the article, but also help them cultivate a sensitive nerve, which is also very important for writing. What a kill two birds with one stone! Keep reading like this, and I believe students will learn to feel something, gain something, and gain something.

Third, question the annotation.

"Scholars must first be skeptical." There is no doubt that it can not stimulate thinking, and there is no doubt that it can not increase interest. With questions, let students read with questions, let them read in, really walk into the text and talk to the text and the author.

This annotation reading method is conducive to cultivating students' suspicion and inquiry spirit. Questioning itself is a kind of thinking, a challenge and an exploration. This reading method is the most widely used by students and is suitable for all kinds of student styles.

For example, in Variations on the Stars, students made such a comment: "What do you mean by being as soft as a lake at night?" Some students made the following comments in Dedication and Happiness: "Human beings work for life and live for labor."

Some students also made such remarks next to this sentence ("I believe a carpenter can make a good table, which has the same architectural value as your politicians"): "I don't think what the author said is right.

According to him, people all over the world have the same value, so we don't need to realize our own value. No matter what we do, the value is the same. "

Look, he has doubts about the author's sentence! It is precisely because of his annotation that our classroom debate has its source, thus the debate is in full swing.

At present, students in my class basically use this reading method to ask questions anytime and anywhere, and with the passage of time and the accumulation of experience, the questions are more and more in-depth and the value is higher and higher. This kind of annotation has set off waves again and again for my Chinese class, bringing climax again and again.

Fourthly, associative notation.

An important task of reading teaching is to cultivate students' associative ability, so that they can consciously move from one article to another. This way of reading pays attention to students' knowledge transmission and information classification and integration. For example, in the first paragraph of "On Rain", students made the following comments: "Good rain knows the season, and it happens in spring". In fact, the first paragraph is the interpretation and rewriting of this Tang poem.

In Dedication and Joy, some students commented on "Seeing Shu from the Dragon" next to "Looking at the other mountain from this mountain". How detailed! Some people also made these comments next to Liu Yuxi's autumn poem "Lonely Autumn since ancient times", such as "A dead vine and an old tree are faint crows ... heartbroken people are at the end of the world", "On a frosty night, Jiangfeng fishing and sleeping", "Qiu Lai's scenery is different ... It's lonely in the twilight", "Don't worry, the curtain rolls west wind, people are thinner than yellow flowers" and "yellow flowers are piled all over the ground. ..... What a sad sentence? " ……

They aroused so many associations from this poem that they suddenly thought of so many sad autumn poems. They can summarize and sort out their knowledge, so as to learn by analogy and internalize it into their own abilities. What's wrong with taking action after class?

V. Evaluation comments

In order to give full play to students' dominant position and fully respect their reading experience, they should be allowed and encouraged to make positive or negative comments on reading. This reading method is often used in poetry. They often make evaluative comments on some poems after tasting. For example, after reading "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan", students made a wonderful and appreciative evaluation of the aspect of "dancing the silver snake in the mountain, the original wax elephant, trying to compete with God".

However, some people made negative comments on the text. For example, my students said in Dedication and Happiness that "today is for those who have careers and are now preparing for their careers-students": "It is better to change these two dashes into brackets so that people can understand and read them smoothly.

"His careful and reasonable evaluation can be described as a stone stirring up three waves. At that time, students repeatedly compared the pronunciation of dashes and brackets, but they really agreed with their comments. Some students wrote this note next to "About Kong Yiji's death": "What a" About "!

Two simple words, seemingly inadvertently, exposed the cold world and Kong Yiji's cold reception. The author is really ingenious and deserves to be a master of literature! "This kind of evaluative reading has greatly stimulated their enthusiasm for reading, because they have become the masters of the classroom and the masters of reading. They have the right to evaluate books and authors, which is a respect for their personality!

Sixth, supplementary comments

This reading method is to let students follow the author's ideas, follow the author's writing style, and then supplement the author. It can also be called imitation and continuation, which can activate students' thinking, open their horizons, let students learn the author's writing methods and improve their writing ability quickly.

For example, in "Broad and Broad", students with strong ability wrote wide and wide sounds, and then wrote frogs, cicadas and streams in verse. This annotation method is not suitable for all students. After all, it is difficult, but it is a good exercise for students with strong ability.

The development of annotation reading enriches students' emotional experience and forms their reading personality, making reading no longer a passive and burden. On the contrary, reading has become their spiritual need.

In this process, students get not only the increase of knowledge and the improvement of ability, but more importantly, they find the pleasure of reading in annotation reading, get a sound mind, form an independent mind and have an independent spirit. Because of annotated reading, their personality can shine.

Extended data

Note that the language should be concise and clear, fluent, not too cumbersome, accurately summarized in your own words, and concise.

Write your true feelings in the original book and underline the original sentence. You can't write on other paper. Write whatever you have. Not stick to one pattern. If you plan to read this book many times, pay attention to writing with a different color pen every time.

References:

Notes Baidu Encyclopedia