Operating system:
It is the first layer of software based on hardware, and it is the bridge between hardware and other software (or interface, middleman, intermediary, etc.). ). The operating system will control the operation of other programs, manage system resources, and provide the most basic computing functions, such as managing and allocating memory, and determining the priority of supply and demand of system resources. , and also provides some basic service programs, such as:
1, file system
Provides the structure of computer storage information. Information is stored in files, which are mainly stored in the internal hard disk of the computer, and the files are organized in a hierarchical structure of directories. File system provides an operating system with a way to organize and manage data.
2. Device driver
Provides an interface to connect each hardware device of the computer. Device drivers enable programs to write to devices without knowing the details of executing each piece of hardware. Simply put, you can eat eggs, but you don't have to keep a chicken.
3. User interface
The operating system needs to provide users with methods to run programs and access the file system. For example, the commonly used Windows graphical interface can be understood as a way for users to interact with the operating system. The Android or iOS system of smart phone is also an interactive way of operating system.
4, the system service program
When the computer is started, it will start many system service programs, perform operations such as installing the file system, starting network services and running scheduled tasks.
Database:
It is an electronic warehouse, where data are stored and managed. Users can add, update or delete data in the database. There are two types, non-relational and relational.
Design mode:
Is an abstract programming idea, not limited to a specific programming language, but is interlinked among many languages. For example, design patterns can be used in Java, C# and C++ languages. But design pattern also has its boundaries, and its application scope is object-oriented programming language. For process-oriented languages and functional programming languages, it is meaningless to talk about design patterns. Design mode can be roughly divided into three modes: creative mode, structural mode and behavior mode.
1, creative mode.
The purpose of this design pattern is to create objects. For example, the factory model and singleton pattern, which are commonly used by people, belong to the creative model.
2. Structural model.
The purpose of this design pattern is to optimize the structural relationship between different classes, objects and interfaces. The commonly used agent mode and decorator mode belong to structured mode.
3. Behavior patterns.
The purpose of this design pattern is to better realize the interaction between classes and the execution of algorithms. For example, both strategy mode and observer mode belong to behavior mode.
Software engineering:
It is a subject that studies and applies engineering methods to build and maintain effective, practical and high-quality software. It is not only a discipline or knowledge system, but also a method to solve problems. The method here includes three aspects: management, process and technology. Among them, "process" refers to the development, maintenance and management of software. The concept, principle, technology and method of engineering are adopted to develop maintenance software, and the correct management technology that has stood the test of time is combined with the best technical method available at present. This is software engineering. It involves programming languages, databases, software development tools, system platforms, standards, design patterns and so on.
Data structure and algorithm:
Simply put, data structure is the way data is stored. Different data structures are just different data storage methods. Here, in order to facilitate your understanding, we take the books stored in the library as an example. The books in the library are the data in our computer. Algorithm is a simple way to solve the problem. The same problem has different solutions, so the same problem has different algorithms. The efficiency of different algorithms is different, which reflects the difference between good and bad algorithms. The data structure serves the algorithm, and the algorithm should act on the specific data structure.
The meaning of programming:
Programming is the Chinese abbreviation of programming, which refers to the process of letting a computer solve a certain problem on its behalf, specifying a certain operation mode for the computing system, making the computing system run according to this calculation mode, and finally getting the corresponding results. The above content is the main basic content that you will use no matter what programming language you use. Then learn the basic grammar of programming languages. After mastering the basic grammar, you can continue to write code and do projects.
Career direction of learning programming:
1, engaged in the Internet industry. With the advent of the Internet era, both IT and non-IT industries have been greatly developed.
2. Traditional software enterprises. Traditional software enterprises mainly provide software products or services for other companies or organizations.
3. Hardware industry. Hardware manufacturers also need programmers, and the cpu and graphics card they produce need driver software to complete the work.
Benefits of children learning programming:
1, programming can improve logical thinking ability. Between Excellence and Excellence, the real gap between children is no longer the density of learning, but the way of thinking. Programming can train children's thinking mode, cultivate children's thinking integrity and logic, and think about problems from a global perspective.
2. Cultivate concentration, patience and carefulness. Education experts once said that the gap between academic tyrants and academic scum is not the gap in IQ, but the gap in concentration. Patience and concentration are the foundation of doing everything well. Programming is a rigorous language and a tool to cultivate carefulness, patience and concentration.
3. Improve the overall quality, and the children will grow up in an all-round way. Children's education is not only the imparting of knowledge, but also the all-round growth of children. Programming courses not only learn programming knowledge, but also constantly cultivate children's creativity, observation, memory, spatial imagination, data manipulation, hands-on practice and perseverance, so that children can grow up in an all-round way.
4. Enhance the competitiveness of learning, add points for the college entrance examination, and contribute to further studies. In education at home and abroad, more and more attention is paid to students' programming ability and innovative thinking ability. Children with programming expertise can not only stand out in various programming competitions and score points for the college entrance examination, but also have the opportunity to go to a prestigious school and help to study abroad.
5. Face the AI era calmly and not be eliminated by artificial intelligence. In the foreseeable future, programming will become an indispensable basic ability in future life and work. Let children learn programming from an early age, stand at the forefront of Internet technology, win the starting line in the AI ? ? era, and calmly face the challenges of the artificial intelligence era!
The difference between programming and mathematical thinking training courses;
Programming can teach students to decompose real problems clearly and abstractly, and realize corresponding solutions effectively with the help of computer code. This ability to analyze and solve problems is the core competence of students in the 2 1 century, which is as important as reading, writing and arithmetic, and is an important part of students' development of core literacy. General mathematical thinking training courses pay more attention to the study of calculation ability, and the cultivation of children's ability to solve practical problems is relatively limited.