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Development history and application prospect of robots
God created man, and man created robot!
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Today, with the coming of 2 1 century, our life has undergone tremendous changes. With the wisdom and strength given to us by God, we have great creative ability and created robots under the guidance of science. Became the best helper of mankind, and life became better and better. ...
But for most teenagers, robot is a strange term. They don't know what a robot is or how useful it is. Not to mention the history of human creation and development of robots. So in order to get a basic understanding of this knowledge, we have studied and investigated through various channels such as network, library, teachers and exhibitions, and obtained and summarized the knowledge about robots.
(1) What is a robot?
In fact, there are all kinds of robots around us. They have been completely integrated into our lives, but we just don't know them. What does your imaginary robot look like? Look at the robots in real life, you will be surprised!
Have you ever noticed the automatic doors or traffic lights in the garage? This is the robot! Do you think there may be robots in the factory? Have you noticed: street ATMs, school photocopiers, pagers, ticket vending machines ... Do you have smoke detectors installed in your home? By the way, this is the robot! Robots are around us!
Look, the robot is right next to us!
If you think there are robots only in space exploration, high-tech laboratories, science fiction or movies, you will be surprised to open this book! In real life, robots are everywhere and play an important role in our lives.
No matter what name robots have, no matter what form they have, they all have a constant goal-work! Traffic lights, electric doors, video recorders, microwave ovens … these are all robots. The more you know about robots, the easier it is to recognize the robots around you and see how they make our lives more convenient.
Robots usually have three basic characteristics. Whether it is a robot or not, we just need to see if it has the following three characteristics:
1. Body: It is a material state with a certain shape.
2. Brain: the program that controls the robot.
3. Action: Any robot has certain action performance.
Therefore, robot is a kind of machine with some characteristics of human and machine.
Once you know this knowledge, you will find robots everywhere!
(2) Classification and use of robots
It is the division of labor and cooperation of all kinds of robots that makes human productivity make a big leap and complete progress again and again. Let's get a general idea of the classification and use of robots:
A brief description of the classification name
The operating robot can be automatically controlled, can be repeatedly programmed, has multiple functions, has multiple degrees of freedom, can be fixed or moved, and is used in related automation systems.
Program-controlled robots control the mechanical actions of robots in turn according to the pre-required order and conditions.
Teaching the robot to reproduce first teaches the robot to act by guidance or other means, inputs the working program, and the robot automatically repeats the operation.
CNC robots don't need to move the robot, but teach the robot through numerical values and language, and the robot works according to the information after teaching.
The sensory control robot uses the information obtained by the sensor to control the action of the robot.
Adaptive control robot can adapt to the change of environment and control its own actions.
The learning control robot can "experience" the work experience, has certain learning function, and applies the "learned" experience to the work.
Intelligent robot A robot whose actions are determined by artificial intelligence.
(3) The history of robot development
Throughout its development history, the road is tortuous. However, the process of developing robots in major countries in the world has merged into an epic of human creation of robots!
United States of America
America is the birthplace of robots. As early as 1962, the world's first industrial robot was developed, at least five or six years earlier than Japan, which is known as the "robot kingdom". After more than 30 years of development, the United States has now become one of the world's robot powers, with a solid foundation and advanced technology.
After entering the 1980s, the American government and business circles really attached importance to robots, and their policies were also reflected. On the one hand, they encourage industry to develop and apply robots, on the other hand, they make plans for robots, increase investment and research funds, which makes robots in the United States develop rapidly.
In the middle and late 1980s, with the maturity of robot technology, the technical performance of the first generation of robots could not meet the actual needs. The United States began to produce the second generation robots with vision and force, and soon occupied 60% of the robot market in the United States.
American robotics is still in the leading position in the world. Its technology is comprehensive, advanced and adaptable. Specific performance in:
(1) has reliable performance, comprehensive functions and high precision;
(2) The research on robot language has developed rapidly, with many language types and wide applications, ranking first in the world;
(3) With the rapid development of intelligent technology, artificial intelligence technologies such as vision and touch have been widely used in aerospace and automobile industries;
(4) Military robots and space robots with high intelligence and difficulty have developed rapidly, which are mainly used for mine clearance, mine laying, reconnaissance, standing guard and space exploration.
France
France is not only in the forefront of the world in the number of robots, but also in the world's advanced level in the application level and scope of robots.
The development of French robots is relatively smooth, mainly through the research plan strongly supported by the government, and a complete scientific and technological system has been established. That is to say, the government organizes some research projects on the basic technology of robots, and the industry supports the application and development, which complement each other and make robots develop and popularize rapidly in French business circles.
Germany
The total number of industrial robots in Germany ranks third in the world, second only to Japan and the United States. Germany mentioned here mainly refers to the former Federal Republic of Germany. It is about five or six years later than the introduction of robots in Britain and Sweden. The social environment in Germany is conducive to the development of robot industry. Because of the war, the shortage of labor force and the high level of science and technology in the country are all favorable conditions for using robots. In the middle and late 1970s, the government took administrative measures to pave the way for the popularization of robots. The Plan for Improving Working Conditions stipulates that robots must replace the labor of ordinary people in some dangerous, toxic and harmful jobs. This plan has opened up a broad market for the application of robots and promoted the development of industrial robot technology.
At the same time, Germany saw the role of advanced automation technologies such as robots in industrial production, and put forward the goal of 1985 to transfer to advanced intelligent robots with feelings. After nearly ten years of hard work, it is recognized as a world leader in the research and application of intelligent robots.
Russia
In the former Soviet Union (mainly Russia), the discussion of robotics in theory and practice began in the second half of 1950s. At the end of 1950s, the research of robot prototype began. 1968 successfully trial-produced the deep-water working robot. 197 1 year, and developed a general robot for the factory. As early as the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the former Soviet Union (1970- 1975), the development of robots was included in the national science and technology development plan. Up to 1975, 30 models of 120 robots have been developed. After 20 years' efforts, the robots in the former Soviet Union are in the forefront of the world in quantity and quality.
China
In the Seventh Five-Year Plan, China listed robots in the national key scientific research plan, allocated huge sums of money to set up the first robot research demonstration project in Shenyang, and comprehensively carried out the research on the basic theory and components of robots. In the past ten years, we have developed a complete series of industrial robots, underwater robots, military robots and special robots, such as handling, spot welding, arc welding, painting and assembly. At present, the teaching and reproducing robot technology is basically mature and has been popularized and applied in factories. The robot painting assembly line produced in China has been put into production in Changchun No.1 Automobile Factory and Dongfeng Automobile Factory. 1986 the national 863 high-tech development plan, which started in March, has been included in the research and development of intelligent robots.
Japan
Japan was in a period of rapid economic development in the late 1960s, with an annual growth rate of 1 1%. The first Kawasaki "Unimant" robot was trial-produced in 1968.
It was precisely because of the obvious shortage of labor force in Japan at that time that robot talents were welcomed as "saviors" in enterprises. Such an environment has enabled the Japanese robot industry to develop rapidly. After a short period of more than ten years, it has become a "robot kingdom" in the mid-1980s, and its output and the number of installed robots have leapt to the top in the world.
(3) Predict the development prospect of robots in the world.
We can clearly see that the robot's ability shows us a bright future, which makes its development prospect extremely broad!
1 industrial robot
It is predicted that in 2002, the world sales of industrial robots will increase from 89 100 in 1998 to 120000, with an average annual growth rate of 8%. The number of robots equipped in various countries is increasing steadily. It is estimated that the number of industrial robots in the world will increase from 720,000 at the end of 1998 to 8 1000 at the end of 2002.
The growth of robots varies greatly in different industrial fields. 1In the first half of 1999, the world automobile industry (excluding spare parts) increased by10/%,while in North America it increased by 2 14%. However, in the first half of 1999, the total growth of various industrial fields was only 10%.
2 service robot
There are many difficulties in collecting reliable statistical data of service robots. According to the survey of ECE and IFR, by the end of 1998, the total number of servers in the world is estimated to be at least 5,000. If the prices of cleaning robots and mowing robots can be cheap, so that not only professional departments but also families can afford them (only a few hours a day), then the market of service robots may take off like the microcomputer market. Another important growth area of service robots is domestic robots, robots for the disabled, especially robots used in the medical field, such as robots for surgery and auxiliary surgery.
1999-2002, it is estimated that there will be 24,000 service robots in the world, and there may be nearly 500,000 vacuum cleaning robots. This figure does not include lower-level entertainment robots, which may number hundreds of thousands.
(4) Robots are human assistants and friends-robots dance with people.
With the realization of industrialization and the arrival of informatization, we have entered a new era of knowledge economy. Innovation is the source power of this era. The innovation of culture, thought, science and technology and system is changing today and will change tomorrow. The collision and competition between old and new cultures, old and new ideas, and the intersection and infiltration of different disciplines and technologies will inevitably produce new spiritual sparks and new discoveries, inventions and material forces. Robot technology was born and developed in such a law and environment. The benefits of scientific and technological innovation to society and mankind far exceed its harm. The history of robot development has proved this point. The application fields of robots are constantly expanding, from industry to agriculture and service industry; From industry to hospitals and families; Dive underwater from land and fly into space; ......。 Robots show their ability and charm, as well as their friendship and cooperation with people.
Sharp tools make good work. In the process of understanding nature, transforming nature and promoting social progress, human beings constantly create various tools to serve human beings, many of which are of epoch-making significance. As a great achievement in the field of automation in the 20th century, robots have been closely related to the production and life of human society. Among all things in the world, manpower is the first resource, which is irreplaceable by any other substance. Although there are still uncivilized and unequal phenomena and even wars in human society itself, social progress is a historical necessity. Therefore, we have every reason to believe that robots, like many other scientific and technological inventions and discoveries, should also become good assistants and friends of human beings. China's future lies in science. Looking forward to the 2 1 century, the lighthouse of science and technology will guide a better tomorrow.
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